Samjna, the wife of Vivasvan, the sun-god, gave birth to the Manu named Sraddhadeva, and the same fortunate wife also gave birth to the twins Yamaraja and the River Yamuna.桑格那，太陽神維瓦斯萬的妻子，生下一個名為斯茹阿達戴瓦的瑪努，同一個幸運的妻子還生下了雙胞胎 雅瑪茹阿佳 和 雅沐那 河水。

Yamaraja is one of the mahajanas, the twelve persons authorized to properly maintain the human civilization, including Brahma, Narada, Lord Siva and Kumara, Manu and Lord Kapila, Bhisma and Prahlada, Janaka, Bali, and Sukadeva Gosvami (Vaiyasaki).雅瑪茹阿佳是瑪哈佳納，十二個恰當維護人類文明的權威之一，包括布茹阿瑪，納茹阿達， 主希瓦 和庫瑪爾， 瑪努和主卡皮拉，彼士瑪和帕拉德，佳納卡，巴利，和蘇卡戴瓦哥斯瓦米(外亞薩克)。

Yamaraja is also dharma-vit. His name is Dharmarajam because he knows how to punish a person on religious principles. He is also called Antaka and Mrtyu.雅瑪茹阿佳也是達爾瑪-維特。他的名字是達爾瑪茹阿佳，因為他知道如何根據宗教原則懲罰一個人。他也叫做安塔卡和密瑞圖。

Yamaraja, or Dharmaraja, as the superintendent of death, has to judge the criminal living entities who have committed sinful activities throughout their lives. Consequently Yamaraja is expected to be most expert in judicial matters. Although Yamaraja is a controller, he is only a departmental controller of a few living entities. There are other demigods who control many other departments, but above them all is one supreme controller, Krsna.雅瑪茹阿佳，或者達爾瑪茹阿佳，是死亡的監管人，他要審判在他們生命中做過罪惡活動的有罪生物體。因此，雅瑪茹阿佳最擅長審判事務。雖然雅瑪茹阿佳是控制者，他只是一些生物體部門控制者。還有其他半神人控制許多其他的部門，但在他們所有人之上是至尊控制者，奎師那。

The omnipotent Yamaraja is as good as Lord Brahma, for while situated in his own abode or in everyone's heart like the Paramatma, he mentally observes the past activities of a living entity and thus understands how the living entity will act in future lives. He has the complete cooperation of the Supreme Lord, who is situated in everyone's heart, and therefore, by the grace of the Supersoul, he can see the past, present and future of a living being from within.全能的雅瑪茹阿佳和主布茹阿瑪一樣好，他處在他自己的居所，或者像超靈一樣處在每個人心中，他觀察著一個生物體過去的活動，因此明白這個生物體將來會如何活動。他與坐在每個人心中的至尊主全然合作，因此，藉著超靈的仁慈，他能從內內在看到一個生物體的過去、現在和未來。

Yamaraja, the King of the pitas, resides in Pitrloka with his personal assistants, the Yamadutas. He has been given jurisdiction on the southern, or lower, portion of the universe, called Patala. South of Sumeru Mountain is Samyamani, the abode of Yamaraja, the superintendent of death. It is said that there is an everlasting belt of water called the River Vaitarani at the entrance of the plutonic planet (Pluto) of Yamaraja. The abode of Yamaraja is called Yamasadana. Vaitarani is the river which lies in front of the doorway of Yamaraja. Samyamani is the residence of Yamaraja.雅瑪茹阿佳，琵塔的國王，他和他的個人助理雅瑪杜塔住在琵垂樓卡(祖先的星球)。他擁有宇宙南部，或更低處，名為帕塔拉地方的司法權。蘇梅茹山的南部是夏亞瑪尼，死亡的監管者雅瑪茹阿佳的居所。據說，雅亞茹阿佳冥王星球的入口處有一條名為外塔茹阿尼永遠流淌的河流。雅瑪茹阿佳的居所叫做雅瑪薩達納。外塔茹阿尼河流位於雅瑪茹阿佳大門口前面。夏亞瑪尼是雅瑪茹阿佳的住處。

Maharaja Yudhisthira was the son of Dharmaraja (Yamaraja). Maharaja Yudhisthira's mother, Kunti, had the power to call any demigod. She got this benediction from Durvasa Muni. So he (she) had his (her) three sons, means Maharaja Yudhisthira, Bhima, and Arjuna. She got Maharaja Yudhisthira from Dharmaraja, Arjuna from Indra, and Bhima from Varuna...尤蒂士提爾瑪哈茹阿佳是達爾瑪茹阿佳(雅瑪茹阿佳)的兒子。尤蒂士提爾瑪哈茹阿佳的母親琨緹，有召喚任何半神人的能力。她從杜爾瓦薩牟尼那裡得到祝福。她有三個兒子，尤蒂士提爾瑪哈茹阿佳，彼瑪，和阿爾諸納。他從達爾瑪茹阿佳那裡得到尤蒂士提爾瑪哈茹阿佳，從因鐸那裡得到阿爾諸納，從瓦茹納那裡得到彼瑪。

Maharaja Marutta, a great devotee of the son of the sun-god known as Yamaraja, was one of the great emperors of the world. He reigned over the world long before the reign of Maharaja Yudhisthira.瑪茹塔瑪哈茹阿佳，是太陽神的兒子雅瑪茹阿佳的一個偉大奉獻者，世界偉大帝王之一。他在尤蒂士提爾瑪哈茹阿佳之前就統治過世界。

At the request of Lord Brahma, Prajapati Daksa, who is known as Pracetasa, begot sixty daughters in the womb of his wife Asikni. All the daughters were very affectionate toward their father. Ten of these daughters were given in charity to Dharmaraja [Yamaraja]. Their names were Bhanu, Lamba, Kakud, Yami, Visva, Sadhya, Marutvati, Vasu, Muhurta and Sankalpa.應主布茹阿瑪請求，帕佳帕提達克薩，也叫帕茹阿舍塔薩， 在他妻子阿斯克妮的子宮中得到了60個女兒。所有的女兒非常喜愛她們的父親。其中十個女兒布施給了達爾瑪茹阿佳(雅瑪茹阿佳)。她們的名字是巴努，藍巴，卡琨，亞米，維斯瓦，桑迪亞，瑪茹特瓦提，瓦蘇，瑪乎爾塔和桑卡爾帕。

The brahmanas and Vedic knowledge come from the mouth of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, the ksatriyas and bodily strength come from His arms, the vaisyas and their expert knowledge in productivity and wealth come from His thighs, and the sudras, who are outside of Vedic knowledge, come from His feet. May that Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is full in prowess, be pleased with us. Greed is generated from His lower lip, affection from His upper lip, bodily luster from His nose, animalistic lusty desires from His sense of touch, Yamaraja from His eyebrows, and eternal time from His eyelashes.布茹阿瑪納和韋達知識來自至尊人格首神的嘴巴，查垂亞和軀體力量來自他的手臂，外夏和他們用於生產的專業知識，以及財富來自他的大腿，韋達知識之外的蘇鐸來自他的足。願那位充滿力量的至尊人格首神，對我們滿意。貪婪來自他的下唇，喜愛來自他的上唇，軀體的色慾來自他的鼻子，獸性的色慾來自他觸碰的感官，雅瑪茹阿佳來自他的眉毛，永恆的時間來自他的睫毛。

Yama-danda is the scepter of Yamaraja. Yavanesvara is the emblem of death, Yamaraja. Before going to the place of Yamaraja, the living entity accepts Jara, old age, the sister of Yamaraja. One is subjected to the influence of Yavana-raja and his sister due to impious activity.雅瑪-丹達是雅瑪茹阿佳的君主節杖。雅瓦納斯瓦茹阿是死亡的象徵，雅瑪茹阿佳。去雅瑪茹阿佳的地方之前，生物體接受佳茹阿，年老，雅瑪茹阿佳的妹妹。一個人由於不虔誠的活動，屈從於雅瓦那-茹阿佳和他妹妹的影響。

Generally Yamaraja is portrayed in a fearful way and so is often pictured as black. That is all right. But actually he is a demigod and must be fair complexion. He is a mahajana and a Vaisnava as well and he is also very good looking.通常而言雅瑪茹阿佳的形象被繪製成恐怖的，經常被畫出黑色，那無關緊要。但是事實上他是一個半神人，一定有白皙的膚色。他也是一個瑪哈茹阿佳納，和外士納瓦，他也有好看的面容。

Yamaraja is a great devotee of the Lord, and he likes to be invited to kirtanas and sacrifices by the pure devotees, who are constantly engaged in the devotional service of the Lord. Thus the great sages, headed by Saunaka and others, invited Yamaraja to attend the sacrifice performed at Naimisaranya. This was good for those who did not want to die.雅瑪茹阿佳是主的一個偉大奉獻者，他喜歡被恆常為主做奉愛服務的純粹奉獻者邀請參加克瑞坦和祭祀。因此，以騷納卡和其他人為首的偉大聖人，邀請雅瑪茹阿佳參加在納米薩冉亞的祭祀。這對於不想死的人來說很好。

Yavana is the servant of Yamaraja. The Yamadutas are the assistants, or messengers, of Yamaraja. When Yamaraja and his assistants take a living entity away to the place of judgment, the life, life air and desires, being followers of the living entity, also go with him... When the living entity and the life air are gone, the lump of matter produced of five elements -- earth, water, air, fire and ether -- is rejected and left behind. The living entity then goes to the court of judgment, and Yamaraja decides what kind of body he is going to get next. This process is unknown to modern scientists.雅瓦納是雅瑪茹阿佳的僕人。雅瑪杜塔是雅瑪茹阿佳的助手，或者傳遞訊息的人。當雅瑪茹阿佳和他的助手將一個生物體帶到審判的地方時，生命，生命之氣和願望也跟著生物體，隨之而去...當生物體和生命之氣離開，由五種元素——土，水，空氣，火和以太構成的物質團塊——被拒絕和留下。生物體然後去到審判的法庭，雅瑪茹阿佳決定他下一個將去哪種軀體。現代科學家不知道這個程式。

Every living entity is responsible for his activities in this life, and after death he is taken to the court of Yamaraja, where it is decided what kind of body he will take next. Although the gross material body is left, the living entity and his desires, as well as the resultant reactions of his past activities, go on. It is Yamaraja who decides what kind of body one gets next in accordance with one's past actions.每個生物體要對他在此生中的活動負責，死亡他被帶到雅瑪茹阿佳的法庭，在那裡決定他下一個將接受什麼樣的軀體。雖然粗糙的物質軀體被留下了，生物體和他的願望，以及他過去活動相應的反應，繼續下去。是雅瑪茹阿佳根據一個人過去的活動決定一個人得到什麼樣的下個軀體。

Vidura is the incarnation of Yamaraja. He was conceived by Vyasadeva in the womb of the maidservant of Ambika, mother of Maharaja Pandu. During the pastime of Manduka Muni, the muni cursed Yamaraja to become a sudra, and this sudra incarnation of Yamaraja was known as Vidura, the sudra brother of Dhrtarastra and Maharaja Pandu. But this sudra son of the Kuru dynasty was equally treated by Bhismadeva, along with his other nephews, and in due course Vidura was married with a girl who was also born in the womb of a sudrani by a brahmana.維杜茹阿是雅瑪茹阿佳的化身。維亞薩戴瓦通過潘杜王的母親安比卡女僕的子宮生下他。在曼杜卡牟尼的逍遙活動中，牟尼詛咒雅瑪茹阿佳變成一個蘇鐸，雅瑪茹阿佳的這個蘇鐸化身就是維杜茹阿，兌塔茹阿斯陀和潘杜王的蘇鐸兄弟。但是庫茹王朝的這個蘇鐸兒子得到彼士瑪戴瓦，和他其他侄子的平等對待，在恰當的時候，維杜茹阿和一個由婆羅門受孕，生自蘇鐸尼子宮的女孩結婚。

Although Vidura did not inherit the property of his father (the brother of Bhismadeva), still he was given sufficient state property by Dhrtarastra, the elder brother of Vidura. Vidura was very much attached to his elder brother, and all along he tried to guide him on the right path. During the fratricidal war of Kuruksetra, Vidura repeatedly implored his elder brother to do justice to the sons of Pandu, but Duryodhana did not like such interference by his uncle, and thus he practically insulted Vidura. This resulted in Vidura's leaving home for pilgrimage and taking instructions from Maitreya.雖然維杜茹阿沒有繼承他父親的財產(彼士瑪戴瓦的兄弟)，但是維杜茹阿的哥哥兌塔茹阿斯陀仍給了他大量的國家財產。維杜茹阿非常依附他的哥哥，一直試圖指導他走正確的道路。在庫茹柴陀同族互殺的戰爭中，維杜茹阿反覆乞求他的哥哥公平對待潘達的兒子，但是杜尤丹不喜歡叔叔的這種干涉，因此他羞辱維杜茹阿。結果維杜茹阿離家去朝聖，並從麥垂亞那裡接受訓示。

Vidura is one of the administrative demigods in charge of the Pitrloka planet. When Yamaraja thus incarnated himself as Vidura, his post was officiated by Aryama, one of the many sons of Kasyapa and Aditi. The Adityas are sons of Aditi, and there are twelve Adityas. Aryama is one of the twelve Adityas, and therefore it was quite possible for him to take charge of the office of Yamaraja during his one hundred years' absence in the form of Vidura. The conclusion is that Vidura was never a sudra, but was greater than the purest type of brahmana.維杜茹阿是負責祖先星球的一個行政半神人。當雅瑪茹阿佳作為維杜茹阿化身而來時，他的職務由阿爾亞瑪執行，他是卡帕夏和阿迪緹的眾多兒子之一。阿迪提亞是阿迪提的兒子們，有12位阿迪提亞。阿爾亞瑪是12位阿迪提亞之一，因此對他而言，在雅瑪茹阿佳作為維杜茹阿不在的一百年間，負責雅瑪茹阿佳職務是極有可能的。結論是維杜茹阿絕不是一個蘇鐸，但是比最純粹的婆羅門更偉大。

Yamaraja is deputed by the Lord to a particular planet, some hundreds of thousands of miles away from the planet of earth, to take away the corrupt souls after death and convict them in accordance with their respective sinful activities. Thus, Yamaraja has very little time to take leave from his responsible office of punishing the wrongdoers. There are more wrongdoers than righteous men. Therefore Yamaraja has to do (more) work than other demigods who are also authorized agents of the Supreme Lord. But he wanted to preach the glories of the Lord, and therefore, by the will of the Lord, he was cursed by Manduka Muni to come into the world in the incarnation of Vidura and work very hard as a great devotee."雅瑪茹阿佳被主派任到一個特定的星球，離地球星球有成千上萬英里，帶走死後的墮落靈魂，根據他們相應的罪惡活動宣判他們。因此，雅瑪茹阿佳很少有時間離開他懲罰錯誤者的重要辦公室。錯誤者比正直者更多。因此雅瑪茹阿佳不得不比其他也是至尊主授權代理的半神人做更多的工作。但是他想傳播主的榮耀，因此，藉著主的意願，他被曼杜卡牟尼詛咒，以維杜茹阿的化身來到世界，像一個偉大奉獻者一樣努力工作。