The qiangCustoms and habitsQiang holiday information and clothing characteristics

Qiang national history

Found so far, China's most ancient and more mature word is the representative of the shells age more than 3000 years ago, oracle.One of the oracle is also the only one on the title of national (or clans, tribes) words, namely "qiang", is the human race in China, the earliest recorded.

"Poetry geography exam" yue: "qiang jiang, after three seedlings, the three crisis, this fold, goes down and loose states are qiang."Shi-ji sovereigns biographic sketches of "cloud:" moved three seedlings in crisis, in order to get xiong.", "were western qiang", said: "the foundation of the western qiang from three miao, jiang don't also.It is near mount.Third and shun flow four fierce, migration crisis that river GuanZhiXi qiang is also."

Around the late yangshao culture (about 3000 BC), the inflammation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the two big tribe.Yan jiang, jiang, qiang differentiation of this one word, is a different expression of matriarchal society with patriarchal society, also often interoperability in oracle.Ginger, qiang are like wearing horns headdress, on behalf of sheep as the totem of original nomadic tribes originated in northwestern China."Jin, national language", "saint of less standard marry ð « Š ¸ surname, the yellow emperor,Taking her into the water, the yellow emperor yan to ginger water.Into varies, so to the yellow emperor, emperor yan as ginger."Yan emperor is the ancient qiang tribes, tribal many.

In laterThe warMost, yan emperor tribes and huangdi tribe mutual fusion, become Chinese clan (today the ancients of the han nationality).Another part of the west and south, with local indigenous people, become a sino-tibetan other than the han, qiang nationality ancestors, such as the Tibetan, yi, naxi, etc.

About 2100 BC, is good at water conservancy descendants of the ancient qiang, ethnic Chinese dayu succession tribe alliance leader always.Historical records: yu, grandson of the great-great-grandson of huangdi emperor ZhuanXu also.Yu to people all over the world's peace, bid farewell to hometown dashan, began the long water conservancy.He focus on governance floods, dredge the JiuHe, outstanding lecturers, folk and dayu king "three door instead of the" beautiful pass!Dayu queen to break the system of "demise", in his son qi, shi said "Xia Qi".Rev acceded to the throne after the joint in the activation of the tribe to town (now in henan dengfeng county) was established in the history of our country's first official country, through more than 500 years.

Han dynasty, sichuan qiang has a yak, tsing yi, qiang countries in xichang, ganzi, ya, leshan, countries in treasure xingxian town.When the western han dynasty in the northwest territories hanyang (tianshui), jincheng (lanzhou), qiang north, west gansu county population of 259990 households, 1001802 people.The period of the sixteen of the eastern northwest di qiang people built into (han), after the former qin, summer, cool, later zhao, and other countries, but is just a flash in the pan, life force is not strong, the impact is not big.

The end of 881 AD (tang dynasty), the tangut qiang li sigong in summer states (now Inner Mongolia and shanxi junction of baicheng) summer state regime, in the summer, inhibitor, silver, attend four states.Xia kingdom in shanxi, gansu and ningxia, green area of the tangut qiang as the main body, including northwest of other ethnic groups, to form a country.The tangut qiang thin seal's, fee to listen to, to the surname, rather than escape, wild Levi's, m's, Rio's colophon?习俗澹酝匕鲜献钋浚鹑菏琢斓甲饔谩：笠蚴芡罗欢系那址负蜕牛蛱瞥昵肽谇ㄓ谏挛鳌⒛囊淮?

In A.D. 1031, the tenth time MAO li Ming's death, his son, he ascended the throne, li yuan-hao emperor jingzong of western xia.At this point, in 346, the building of the national countries perish in 1227 AD, the seed in aba prefecture today hit lixian peach township, danba, t he still has a distribution.

Sichuan ancient to bashu, liberaty okrug.Bashu from di qiang, silkworms gathering (former residence of silkworm ling, in MAO county, aba Tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture in sichuan province fold creek town, relics destroyed by August 25, 1933, 15 happens when fold creekThe earthquake) the king.Li bai in the "intones difficult" intoned, "silkworms gathering and yufu, founding blankly."In the same region, was built in the ancient qiang people ran Mang (there was no difference in the pronunciation with several "Rrmea"), is now 300000 of the qiang people's former residence, region including in sichuan aba maoxian, wenchuan, wenzhou, blackwater, jiuzhaigou, songpan, barkam, jinchuan, jin, soil pond, aba, holocene, zoige county, etc.Three kingdoms (AD 221), when the territory is included in dujiangyan (called douan map, JiJi county, county), peng county (called white horse county, xing le county), (qiang autonomous county of beichuan (called shiquan), qingchuan xian (called guang wu county), pingwu county (called just bottom), wenxian county in gansu province (called level tone county).Han qiang is in maoxian county town of feng instrument today.

In addition, the seed of the ancient qiang and Jiang Shirong, zero burn when qiang qiang, first, zhong qiang qiang (Zhong Cun qiang), le sister, British qiang nan, when frying qiang, qiang, and jelly, execute qiang qiang qiang, prison sister, sealing a qiang qiang qiang, burn, township sister 巩唐 qiang, all kinds of blackwater qiang qiang, and low grain qiang, plug qiang qiang, beyond the Great Wall insurance, meander qiang, qiang, Chuo qiang, west night, PuLi qiang qiang, hook, yaks qiang, canlang qiang qiang, tsing yi, qiang, bai qiang, the qur 'an qiang, charming down chang qiang, deng to qiang, munsan qiang, the tangut qiang, white dog qiang, qiang, dong qiang, duh bully qiang, bully qiang qiang, white grass, black tiger qiang, drums, qiang, Yang qiang, the slope in the qiang, green qiang qiang, neighbors, tu qiang, involved the topic qiang, left seal qiang, violet progenitor qiang, Lin qiang, to qiang, GeYan qiang qiang, silkworm, d (wei) states ling qiang (yesterday who qiang), and other hundred kinds of qiang, this not here.

Anyway, they are Chinese family that's for sure, there are a large number of ancient historical records and archaeological discoveries, also for the Chinese and foreign academic circles.Qin people and part of the western zhou dynasty in shaanxi province after the shang dynasty, Qin Gong Zhou Wang life west felling, it for the people.And destroy Qin Gong RongGuo 12, is a country has a large number of Dijon.Moreover after qin implementation of shang Yang reform attract countless people into Qin Weimin kanto.Who is so called qin si is wrong.Qin once customs RongHua, but still to usurp the role of "huaxia", etc in the warring states period when combined with the huaxia nation again.Qin shi huang east of xianyang in shaanxi province after the founding, historical records and other historical records, emperor qin shi huang old age superstition, listen to the alchemist of the so-called "wu qin hu also.Is north part of the general meng tien's three hundred thousand people blow hu, just take the henan...And take high meng tien crossing the river fault, yangshan, north of false, build pavilion barrier to Dijon by people.At the beginning of the migration fallen, real county.

Qiang traditional festival

Qiang traditional festival is qiang calendar year, qiang said "beauty", according to the different place, and there was a "qiang New Year", "off-year", "harvest festival", "reduction", such as multiple names, but a different name, content is exactly the same, is to celebrate the harvest and Thanksgiving as the main content, let have a strong religious color, held annually in the lunar month of October, last three to five days.Then there is the mountain, which is unique to the qiang people's traditional festivals, time on April the first lunar month every year.This is a kind of QiZhu harvest activities, to this day, every household the roof of the fir branches, indoor hanging in paper-cut flowers on the shrine, light light, bai zhi, sacrifice worship god "wood tower".Sacrifice, sheep for slaughter sacrifices, knocking at YangPiGu wizard, just wait national epic.QuanZhai that day men and women, old and young, all want to suck up drinking, singing toasting song, heishui dance, pray for the year

The holiday ritual offering

During festivals, marriage funeral and sacrifice, parties, or exchange Labour work, besides the food abundance, wine is necessary.As a qiang proverbs have cloud: "no wine is difficult to sing, more than wine songs, no wine no seats, no song to entertain guest".To get marriedEat "wine", diners eat"drinking”，The double ninth festivalBrewed wine called chongyang wine, need to store more than one year before drinking, chongyang wine due to long storage time, wine is purple, the wine alcohol smell, is essential to the wine during the double ninth festival.Another kind of drink is called steam wine will cornmeal steamed mix could, and hold both wine and rice when drinking, laozhao similar to the han nationality.Regardless of holidays or hospitality, for "nine" ji qiang, so will put nine big bowl at banquets, cuisine and sichuan cuisine are the same.The braised chicken, used to skewer hold up the head of a dog than the tail of a lion, make it up.As head of a dog than the tail of a lion entertain guest (e.g., uncle, etc.).

The lunar qiang on October the first is a festival.Festival party is also called "harvest".QuanZhai festival this day in the woods, "" god for any votive offering, burning the chypre honor ancestors and gods, and made a kind of buckwheat flour paste to diced tofu buckwheat dumpling, some even use flour cattle, sheep, horses, chickens and so on shape of different animals as an offering.The next day, a family dinner, please get married daughter back.Festival activities.Pray the harvest of the mountain will be whole village a ritual activities, except the married women are not allowed to attend QuanZhai will bring wine, meat and buns to go out alone.What would the QuanZhai rotates among families.Will first prepared 1 black, 1 RAMS red rooster and suck up 1, 3 1 catty pork, highland barley wine, 13 kg do big buns and sweet candle, fireworks, paper, etc., according to the rules set, presided over by a "hui" (wizard) sacrifice, pray to god and the god bless QuanZhai RenShouNianFeng, cooked after the goat to slaughter, along with other food for the family, said "molecules".Finally we sit on the floor, tasting each other their own food.

Qiang marriage hold wedding, the groom to accompany the bride, back home to ready "recalls wine", friends want to give gifts, newlyweds and wishing the bride and groom happiness, grow old together.Qiang folk in some places and the custom of "make the groom".In recalls the banquet of wine family with four feet long chopsticks to groom, but also in the back of the chopsticks add a few made of potato chopsticks, to use the chopsticks, the groom every other a few lamp holder made of diced and pea, if because chopsticks long, can't afford to clip vegetables, or a lamp burning chin, will be FaJiu, this activity is both a holiday meal, is also a kind of entertainment.

Qiang People's Daily food

Qiang folk are two meals a day, go out to work after the breakfast, to take the bun MianMo (corn), at noon to eat in the field, known as the "pinching".Call it a day in the afternoon go home for dinner.Staple food mostly depends on steam.Regular consumption of steam is corn flour is placed within the ZengZi steamed into granule, then as a meal, sometimes will wash the rice, stir into the flour, and flour mix to steamed rice, known as the "gold wrapped in silver" or "silver wrapped in gold".Mixed with wheat flour and corn flour to make buns baked into the fireplace, is one of the qiang People's Daily main food.In many parts of the qiang people also like to eat corn flour push pudding even check (m +) fermentation, the water bulb bun, steamed into beans or sweet corn ground water samples made of steamed bun.Of meat and cooked with rest of wheat and another called "stewed noodles";Boiling water to add corn flour cooked into a paste, known as the "noodle soup", continue to add corn flour mixed thick, with chopsticks can be dianqi into degrees, known as the "group", are often eat staple food.When eaten stir regiment, eat at the same time with cabbage, round (turnip) into the sauerkraut pickled cabbage soup, can appetizing.Commonly used corn, wheat, beans and stir-fry until done. First and then into noodles, more commonly eat when travel or grazing.When eating potatoes, qiang folk xi will be the whole cooked potato, then go to skin, and ground into mud, zi ba, called yams zi ba, oil Fried or after Fried, eat honey.Also can use yam zi ba slicing and sour pickled cabbage, meat soup to eat.

By eating fresh vegetables are only a few months time, perennial eat cabbage, radish leaves more bubble of sauerkraut, and green vegetables to make pickles.Meat is given priority to with cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, meat and fish and hunting.Scattered in the mountains of the qiang people generally do not often feed fresh pork, is after the pig slaughtering unhairing, split into two and a half or cut into large pieces, hanging on the beams smoked baked into "fat pig", storage time is a year commonly, eat when it is cooked with vegetables, cooked up after the pig fat, cut into square in large bowl into the serve;Second, will be cut into small pieces with marinated raw pig fat dish Fried together, role in pig fat oil generation, but also add some Chinese prickly ash and pepper flavor.In swine slaughter, qiang xi will pig blood such as filling in the pig intestine, known as the black pudding after cooked.Black pudding is diners eat wine on a meat dish.There will also be pig blood made with buckwheat and blood bun to eat.Qiang also often put fresh pork on new slaughtered pigs stomach add salt, pepper, dried up, made "belly flesh" far not bad.

Qiang people usually drink wine called suck up wine, maoxian county qiang said macce "day", meaning wine to qiang people.Suck up wine method is to use barley could cooked mix, seal in the barrel, fermentation of 7 to 8 days after drinking.Qiang suck up drink no wine, but the jars in kaifeng city, with a thin bamboo tubes suck suck, suck up to pecking order when drinking, take turns to suck up drink, and constantly into the cold water, until it is light.

The qiang People's Daily kitchen is characteristic, often set up an iron in the fireplace, with three legs, when cooking POTS on heating, or baked goods, exquisite iron three-legged also in embossed silver.

The customs of marriage in qiang

In the past, qiang of the young men and women has no right to choose spouses and free love, because of that when she was young generation engagement by parents, even stomach is marriage.Choose the wedding, it's a suitable and kiss.Tend to be female than male in the age of marriage, therefore, such a ballad, popular in qiang "wheat are those in June, baby husband or milk, have to wait, one day grow up, fall the leaves withered flowers."

Qiang marriage hold wedding, the groom to accompany the bride back.At the appointed time, the family is ready to "recalls wine", relatives and friends are to give gifts, newlyweds and blessing.Qiang folk in some places and the custom of "make the groom".

Kind of hemp "daughter" is a unique marriage customs of qiang.In the qiang people, no matter how beautiful girl, if she don't have to own industrious hands, in the land of love sowing "daughter ma", cannot bear rich fruit.Qiang met the young men and women in love and after engagement, an unmarried girl daughter ready to grow hemp is about to begin.At the appointed time, surge qiang girl should choose a piece of land on the hillside, for land reclamation.