The yao nationalityCustoms and habitsYao nationality festival information and clothing characteristics

Historically, yao and miao have close kinship, with the "wuling pretty" tribes from qin and han dynasties.The yao people's longevity, beauty has made notable achievements and skill level, is the world recognized the fact.Yao medicine to treat cancer, lupus erythematosus, gynecopathy, fracture, the effect of rheumatism and bitten by poisonous snakes and other disease, always get the majority of patients accepted.Yao believed in Taoism and shamanistic, few in the mountains of few characteristics.provides also good at maoshan witchcraft.

Yao national history

About the source of the yao nationality, different versions, or thought is the result of "climbing", or thought is the result of "five creek pretty", or think yao sources are diverse.But most people are of the opinion that yao and the ancient "jing", "changsha wuling pretty" in source.

Yao is an ancient nation, its ancient history can be traced back to thousands years ago.Yao first to live in the Yellow River basin, according to "the panhu", "crossing" and "the long drum" three myths and legends, yao nationality ancients used to be a relatively strong clan, living in the central plains area.The legend of the yellow emperor war human-god, is already a household name in China.Human-god is yao nationality people of the most recognized and most affected by the patriarch.Ancient times, living in the lower reaches of the Yellow River in China and in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river area of the original human in front of the fifty-six thousand - year - old formed a human-god as leader called "jiuli" tribal alliances.As the national language? Chu, note contained in: "the ACTS of the jiuli, human-god"."Float on soldiers", "ce qin" high note is also called human-god lure of the prince of "jiuli".Human-god tribe defeated by the yellow emperor, emperor yan, but fled south, into the na tribes, after a period of rest, in jianghuai region formed a large tribe - three miao, generally referred to as the na.Turn the furnace itself YouMian, cotton for pretty voice, na contains especially of ingredients."Lu ministers punishment" load: "three miao, jiuli.The name of li and miao, na, included today."Yu rule during the group of the central plains, after a long period in finally beat three miao, three seedlings.Yao ancient ancestors to jiuli, three seedlings, after the initial activity in China, in the south of the Yangtze river north seeking life base gradually, after entering the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River area, after the defeat of the tribal alliance, human-god chief was killed, but the forced migration to the four leveling border to retreat into the jianghuai region, main department into na or here group respectively, become an important part of the group.As with the yellow emperor, emperor yan and ShunDi human-god three seedlingsThe war, resulting in the yao was forced to large-scale migration, differentiation and combination of the situation, into the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, migration differentiation activity continues.Part of the barbarians and southern and northern dynasties period, including yao nationality ancients once across the north river, in henan, and anhui area.Because the "barbarians" in northern and southern dynasties feudal forces competing for the position, becomes the two competing or conquest, objects, and thus lead to yao in the history of the second great migration, differentiation and integration of the situation.Yao, miao ancestors, in order to against the feudal rule, oppose forced assimilation, save the nation in peril, and restructuring of synthetic powerful tribal alliance, called "mo qiling" tenacious struggle with feudal rule.Then migrated to the southwest, in jiangxi, hunan, hubei areas today rapid rise, and in accordance with local indigenous and form a tribal group.At, jingshan mountains, water area of na, due to the governors mergers, war is frequent, west back in jingjiang reach and jing are converging, chu subsidiary.Yao from places to live in central China baishan between canyon area around dongting lake, south slow, concentrated in changsha county, wuling county, with the local native integration, is the history they called a "changsha wuling pretty" or "five streams".

Qin shi huang established the united multi-ethnic centralized system countries, take move "fallen defensibly" people in frontier minority areas of policy, sent a large number of han Chinese from central plains in changsha, wuling pretty area, brought in advanced production tools and techniques, promote the development of the production of these areas.When the western han dynasty, wuling pretty area pretty person, according to the tax by the ji still qiling tax "on barbarians.Yonghe first year (136), as the "qiling tax" too heavy, including yao nationality ancients, wuling uprisings.

Northern and southern dynasties, the yao nationality ancients have been distributed to the "east even ShouChun (now anhui shou county), access (now shaanxi merchants county area), on the north RuYing (now in northwest eastern henan and anhui)".Yao han economic and cultural exchanges during this period.Yao in the tang dynasty are mainly distributed in hunan and guangdong, guangxi, s said mo qiling brute.Mo qiling mainly engaged in agricultural production.Yao in song dynasty to take "barbarians" policy to control, part of the yao nationality regions under the rule of soil or soil Monsieur beaucaire, accelerate the process of the feudalization.In the history of the yao, there is an important migration.Yuan dynasty, the officials sent to tax, local characteristics.provides hospitality, and officials to forget to back to my official government think characteristics.provides killed to tax official, so the troops sent to exterminating, characteristics.provides forced migration spun around, the former will horn divided into twelve section by twelve name is in charge of, meet again after one thousand back to the destination.

Yuan, Ming and qing period, the distribution of the yao nationality in guangxi, guangdong and hunan southwest and part of yunnan, guizhou mountainous area, the uneven development of social economy, the rapid development of areas has reached the level of the han areas, and remote areas of the yao "with valleys of place", don't even engaged in farming, with mountain animal hunting for the living, part was still in the stage of primitive society development.Because of the feudal dynasties exploitation, suppression slaughter of late Ming dynasty, some fled to the yao nationality, old, Thailand and other countries border.To the 1970 s, in the old, Thailand and other countries, the part of the yao nationality respectively to migrate to the United States, France, Canada and other countries to live in.

Historically, yao and miao have close kinship, with the "wuling pretty" tribes from qin and han dynasties.About in the sui dynasty, in hunan, hubei area of yao nationality and miao have diversified into two groups.The yao nationality in yunnan is the Ming and qing later respectively from guangdong and guizhou wenshan within the territory of settle.Moved to the honghe basin and sumie again later, mong-la, etc.A number of yao nationality in yunnan is not only can speak their native language, and also speak Chinese, zhuang and miao, has its historical reasons.

Yao's eating habits

Yao nationality people's staple food with corn, rice, sweet potatoes, etc. Mainly.Daily dishes with soybeans, rice, beans, pumpkins, chili, such as livestock and poultry jinxiu county of guangxi, dayaoshan yao using "bird basin" capture the migratory birds, pickled for juice, is entertaining guests delicacies.North guangxi area part of yao nationality in vogue "camellia", namely the oil Fried soup, Fried tea with ginger, pepper, salt to taste, try to brew Fried, Fried beans, rice flower such as with drink, with special flavor.Yao housing has a bamboo house, wooden house, toilet and a small number of mud WaWu.Houses generally is a three, in the hall, on both sides of the front for the stove or fireplace, back to the bedroom, in front of house, set upTake a showerTent or pig stall.

Yao is an ancient nation, mainly distributed in several provinces in southern China's mountainous area, is a typical mountain in southern China.They give priority to with farming, crop rotation, engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering, more developed handicraft industry;The region produces high quality red rice and medicinal materials.

In the past, the yao nationality in rice porridge often add corn or rice, millet, sweet potato, cassava, taro, beans, etc.Sometimes use "simmer" or "baked" approach to processed foods, such as heat sweet potato and potato stewed bitter bamboo shoots, roast tender corn, baked BaBa, etc.

Living in the mountains of yao nationality, have cold food habits, food production, easy to carry and storage are considered, so the staple food, fusi both ZongBa, bamboo rice made the food they like.Labor when yao on the picnic, we gather together in one piece, took out the food to eat, and the staple food is carried by eating their own food.

Often eat vegetables have all kinds of melons, beans, green vegetables, carrots, peppers, and bamboo shoots, mushrooms, edible fungus, bracken, cedar, chrysanthemum, etc.Yao nationality area also is rich in a variety of fruits.Vegetables are often to be made into dried or pickles.Some of the yao nationality in yunnan likes to do the vegetable is very delicate, white boiled food basically is salted.After some directly with white boiled, dip in with the dip in water, salt and pepper makes up to maintain various vegetables taste;Meat is often to be processed into the bacon.The yao nationality in guangxi general with dry Fried, boiled, cooking meat seasoning salt, less with seasoning;While the meat to make it taste very rich dishes, fresh meats or bacon, Fried bake brown first, and then cook.

Yao nationality people like to eat pickles.Juice as "bird", is a unique flavor of the yao nationality famous food, meat marinated with bird.Will capture the bird to wash hair, dry, mixed with rice flour and salt, within the altar, and put them in a small mouth with banana leaf sealed mouth, it 's ready for a few days later.YaoJia people often use "bird juice" to entertain guests.Sometimes, also in this way for pigs, cattle, sheep, etc.

Yao nationality people also like to eat a worm chrysalis, often eat the pine trees of pupa, kudzu pupa, wild bee pupa, bee pupa, etc.Yao nationality people also like to use mountainous characteristics he processed sugar, sweet potato, bee sugar, sugar, etc.

People are like yaodrinkingWith rice, corn, sweet potatoes, general home brewed, often drink two or three times a day.Yunnan yao xi with laozhao pickling liquor drinking, going out, commonly used to spill when serving drinks of water.

Yao also pleased with cinnamon, ginger and other Fried tea, think this kind of tea has the effect of refreshing, remove fatigue.Yao like to play in many parts of the camellia, not only their diet every day, and receive guests with camellia.welThe qingming festivalWhen families will eat do dyeing.

Diners have so-called "YaoJia three ritual" "tea bath JieFengJiu";QuanZhai male banquet guests "bowl of wine series of meat";Duck, a touch of "offering fresh";To name Jane "hoses bowel" got "dragon intestinal seats", etc.In addition, there are "the door hang red wine" mediation of civil disputes, announced ending nian "boiled eggs Fried beans".

, among them many eat custom has interest, such as marriage with a bag of rice wine meat and two gourd, her agree and accept meat don't Pierce the gourd;Suitors18) away often buried "egg", depending on the change to choose;Girls get married to a citizen may dispense focal soybean;Divorce divorce ceremony as "bamboo", each a barrel of wine, exchange drink after finish cut broken bamboo tube and break up.

Worship panhu yao people eating dog and meat;Mother worship of luo tuo yao people fasted pork meat and eagles;Most of the yao people eating pork and snake meat;Behind the puerpera labors days fasting lard;The gods jiyong dogs, cats, snakes, frogs;After hunting animals must first reaction to the god to segmentation.

Yao is generally not with marriage, uxorilocal custom is relatively common.Young men and women in love before marriage is relatively free, use holiday, assembly, and in the string of village village, through the singing form, looking for a mate, both sides agree, the giving pledge to each other, "their coordination, not from their parents".Also have to be agreed for parents, please press about, mayTo get married.

Festival because the person is more, the meal generally don't iron DingGuo boiled, and steam with wood zhen, the rice aroma is more strong.In festival.Yao BaBa somebody else to do.Festival main dishes are chicken, duck, fish, pork, bean curd, bean thread and various vegetables.Mountains of the five ridges of yao nationality, festival xi as tofu round (holy water tofu stuffed -- YaoJia 18 first wine brew), package "lotus bandage (steamed pork with rice).The panwang festival held only once every several years.After the panwang festival in the past, to a large number of livestock slaughter, to worship.Offering spring every year, usually in the lunar calendar in March, when the young man to uphill hunting, down the riverTo catch fish;Women want to package ZongBa, steamed five color sticky rice.Flower basket to yao in the New Year's eve night with a piece of meat and a mass of BaBa to the dog, called the dog, and his family to dinner.They think of seed was brought by the dog, the dog is a prayer for good harvest.Holiday is rich and colorful dishes, in addition to the chicken, and tree mountain birds and hunt game and tofu.

In some places the yao April 8 umea cooking rice.In river county, hunan province of yao nationality girl, April 8th lunar calendar when a picnic festival to eat eggs, making BaBa, eat sugar.The girls eat flowers BaBa, eggs, sugar and the young man is not allowed to peep, offenders will be punished.Play song hall is even south yao ancestor worship, to celebrate the harvest large entertainment activities, many in the lunar calendar after October 16, the length of time a variety of, is about 3-9 days.When every family have liquor, glutinous rice BaBa guests, many young men and women have borrow yao play song hall chance to choose his own Mr Right, once you have an affinity for men and women, both parents can through the matchmaker to act as matchmaker, and pork and wine as the gift.Wedding, will be a great feast, traditionally, the wedding banquet must please old village, the bride and groom drinking wedlock wine.

The marriage customs of yao nationality

Since the ancient times, only the lonely, is natural to marry are age men and women will say.Chinese tradition, the woman to marry the man, born children at the age of their father's surname, it also became in one thousand, the same rule.But among China's ethnic minorities, married, married women are the same.

The stairs

Young village yao "stairs" inhabit in dayaoshan guangxi yao compatriots, the influence of the residential area, basic to keep the traditional customs in marriage.

Life here in the tea of dayaoshan yao, is a branch of yao nationality, which means the people who live in the mountains.Village yao guy seeking love, remain popular "stairs" customs, unique ethnic customs.Village yao village general mountain, large and concentrated, the housing are the two layers of MuLou.Appearance and house projecting over the water part, carved dragon carved chicken, oil MaCai, like a sedan hang in the mountains.Quiet house projecting over the water is adult girl place for social activities.Into the doors of the house projecting over the water floor, can discover in dayaoshan guangxi yao compatriots, the influence of the residential area, basic to keep the traditional customs in marriage.Life in the tea of dayaoshan yao here.

Married women and married

Yao autonomous county of the our country's first yao autonomous county, due to the convergence in the pan yao, flower LanYao, village yao yao, yao dashanzi, depression and other five branch of yao nationality, known as "the hometown of the yao nationality".The late famous sociologist fei xiaotong, once said: "dayaoshan yao nationality is the national branches, is more, the most typical folk performance.The hotspot world human studies two ethnic groups, including yao.The yao nationality research center in China, China research center of the yao nationality in jinxiu county."Yao nationality people in life formed deep plain, colorful yao's culture and customs.YaoJia weddings, covers the yao nationality is rich.Most of pan yao the wedding after the autumn harvest,The Spring FestivalBefore, "marry" and "married," two kinds.Before a formal wedding, must pass a mating, spoken and engagement process.Wedding banquet "wine" three meals, "partial" six meals (breakfast, snack).On the fourth day morning guest leave, family each send a nipple ritual (also called small source ceremony), namely: send father-in-law sows legs to 8 to 9 kg each, other four to five kilograms of pork.The fourth or fifth day, recalls of husband and wife live a night, with back to the rear consummation.

Yao's religious beliefs

Some parts of the yao nationality religion is more complex, primitive natural worship, ancestor worship and totem worship occupies a certain position;Some areas are mainly shamanistic and Taoism.Taoism had a great influence on yao, anyone who is a funeral a sacrificial ceremony, basically, according to Taoist FaZhi just some with the content of the primitive religion.Yao nationality people think dogs are our ancestors, is first there is a dog in the major holiday table lick rear edible.According to legend in ancient times, each other between the two big kingThe war, one of the big and the letter, such as kill each other to give him their daughter to the lion, the yao nationality ancestors will wen jie, a letter to the king, the king head bite into the military.King promised a bad back, but think this is a dog, so asking them to mountain seclusion.Yao nationality ancestors took the king's daughter came to land and surrounded, and behold, the ancestors of the yao in the middle of the night by the dog into one, the two of them married.After development for families, the posterity called thousand yao here.