The country of MongolianCustoms and habitsThe Mongolian festival information and characteristics of the clothing

The Mongolian is one of the main nationalities in north China, is also the main body of Mongolian nationality.Belong to pure mongoloid race, is yellow race on behalf of the nation, for the Mongolian language.In addition to the Mongolian abroad, the Mongolian people are mainly distributed in China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, liaoning, jilin, heilongjiang, hebei, qinghai, xinjiang, henan, gansu and other provinces and autonomous regions, and Russia.

The origin of Mongolian

The Mongolian east Hu Zu derived from living in northeastern China today.

The residents of the northern song dynasty, the Mongolian plateau, turkic ethnic gradually decline, living in the big xingan mountain area of chamber wei tribes (including genghis khan Mongolian chamber upright wei the part of the ancestors) began to west moved to the Mongolian plateau, chamber wei the department called tartar in the turkic, Mongolian chamber upright wei the ministry said the black tartar.Conquer the room wei after the department of qidan nationality, black Tartary claims, department.

12 century, le khan (temujin great-grandparent) or not unified, the ministries, the tribes as "Mongolia".In 1206, temujin unified MoBei tribes, Mongolian word become the common name of the parts.

The Mongolian language

The mongols have have their own language.Mongolian altaic language family Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, oirad, barr tiger leah. Khorchin four dialects.Common words are at the beginning of the 13th century on the basis of huihe, initiative, in the early 14th century, but through Mongolia scholar's model, to reform the original text, as general Fan Hua Mongolian so far.Yunnan Mongolian will yi and Chinese, the Mongolian and the north of the Mongolian can be roughly are interlinked.

The Mongolian religious customs

Shamanism is Mongolian ancient primitive religion.Shamanism worship a variety of natural gods and ancestral spirits.Into ji si han "genghis khan" believed in shamanism, worship of tengger khan "immortality day emperor".Until the yuan period, social dominant in Mongolia shamanism, the royal family in Mongolia, maharajahs and still has important influence in the folk.Royal emperor ancestor worship, the ancestral temple, driving on her love, presided over by shamanism sacrifice.Genghis khan and his successors adopted the policy of eclecticism of various religions.Popular religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, shamanism, etc.Meerkats khan period, mungo sweat and royal family besides believed in shamanism, also supporting islamic, Christian, buddhist monks and Taoist disciples, and personally take part in all kinds of religious ritual.When the yuan dynasty, also adopt the same policy.Yuan dynasty islamists adding activities throughout the country, Christianity also attention and protection.Eight buddhist thought and had to Kublai Khan and his queen, prince and other people.Buddhism has replaced shamanism position in the court.But the influence of Buddhism is limited to Mongolia the upper ruling class, the Mongolian people believed in the remains of shamanism.Mongolia tumed department, in the second half of the 16th century the aletanhan code issued revised sweat 】 【 face into the tsongkhapa the gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism.The aletanhan code issued in 1578 and revised the sweat 】 【 the dalai iii suo jia cuo in qinghai south Yang hua temple, met a sutra, suo nan jia cuo is the aletanhan code issued in meeting as revised sweat 】 【 "st general all wazir da la, the dalai lama", the title of the dalai lama.Since then, in the Ming and qing dynasties, under the support and advocate of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia area thriving.But shamanism in the eastern region in the form of ritual, divination, healing activities survived in different degrees.

Under qing government advocates, the whole big monastery, Mongolia is carved Buddha, draw murals, cast idols, and all kinds of metal processes were developed, lamaism became paralyzed the Mongolian people's in Mongolian region, the mongols lost tough temperament.

The Mongolian wedding

Mongolia's young men and womenTo get marriedTo choose an auspicious day, the man will give the woman home dowry.The bride have cash, clothing, cloth, jewelry,riceAnd so on.Him things have the family cupboard, bedding, clothing, jewelry, electrical appliances,bicycle, rice, melon seeds, etc.Keys by a woman's home to send relatives, after waiting for the bride to the groom, consists of the groom's mother take money to redeem the key, then to the bride.Wedding day, the man put on red paper sheep BeiZi (shuus or uuch) and wine to the family, both as a gift and let the family used to entertain lavishly.

Getting married on this day, the bridegroom in accompanied lang with down the family wedding, want to pick up vegetables at the same time to send the bride's family.According to custom, wedding process the groom can't talk, all the charm with lang and turning, until the bride marry to go home.To the family, the bridegroom was arranged aloneHave a mealDoes not begin, only by accompanied lang eat food to feed the groom.When people from all over the man lifted the dowry to pick, when you go out, can meet the bride groom to go out.

The bride to comb the young woman's hairstyle, from top to bottom, from inside to outside all wear new clothes.Dress ShangQing, black, dress lace pattern and high collar shirt and close to the Inner Mongolia autonomous region Mongolian.The bride to wear a shirt, by seeing the bridegroom off a child custody.The bride by uncle carried into the sedan chair, pad man to groom and the bride's brother.Want to cry, said after the bridal sedan chair to leave home, and want to cry all the way, until into the bridal chamber.

The bride enters the groom before the door, want to burn like joss paper, enter the door to advise the bride stop crying, will enter the bridal chamber to the bride's red scarf, and supply to the room.Let the bride eat alone in bridal chamber inside seat at the dinner table, add rice by the bridegroom to the bride.In the evening, girls and boys to celebrate, laughter and singing at home.

The next day, the newlyweds to recalls the family, at the same time in the family BaiTianDe and ancestors, her parents at the same time for the groom a silver bracelet.On the way from the house of the family returned to the man, no matter what people met, the couple are looking at.After return the man's house, they also BaiTianDe and ancestors.

On the third day go to ancestral graves.The couple in the company of girls and boys, pick the pig offerings and food such as to go to the graves of men and women both parties home.After you come back, the brideThe fireFetching water, groom, wash feet for elders and companion burn water.The wedding now come to an end.

Within 7 days after getting married, the bride can't back, nor to other local accommodation.Historically, Mongolian man can marry another, the custom of the original wife not remarried., fundamental changes have taken place in voluntary marriage, divorce freedom has ChengXinFeng, but the Mongolian divorce rate is very low.(the above are the east Mongolian marriage customs and etiquette, south western Mongolia, xinjiang, Russia, Mongolia is a traditional wedding).

The Mongolian national holiday

White month day

Mongolian folk the biggest festival in a year is equivalent to the han nationalityThe Spring FestivalThe festival, which is also called "white day" month, legend is associated with the white of dairy products, containing bless everything goes well.Broadly in line with Spring Festival holiday time.New Year's eve, every family to eat the meat, also want to make dumplings, pancakes, the first in the morning, the younger generation to your elders worship "today wine".

In xilingol league area folk except GuoNianJie also "horse milk day" in the summer of each year.First house to slaughter sheep do hand lamb or all-sheep banquet, and horse milk wine.On the day of the festival, each family will be their best of dried milk, cheese, dried milk cake dairy products put on the plate, to entertain the guests.Koumiss are thought to be holy drink to distinguished guests.

Ruban section

Is tonghai county of yunnan province city, the Mongolian people's traditional festival, every year the lunar April 2, for one day.The Mongolian people's living here learned from other ethnic architectural technology.They built the house, not only chic modelling, beautiful and durable, popular near the han people's praise.To commemorate and celebrate the achievements in the field of civil engineering and construction, they put the lunar April 2 as the ruban section.Holiday, built out of mud, wood, stone, whatever journey far and near to back home to celebrate the festival.All the villagesKill pigSlaughtered sheep, plays operas.People also put the sandalwood carvings ruban like pick up, beating drums, swam straight each village, and then, everybody together, singing and dancing.Their favorite dance is called "jump".Jump, first by the young men as the forerunner, with their arms leading tetrachord, bomb while jumping, the crowd behind is divided into two lines, sometimes sometimes interspersed with each other, a circle formation fluid, and song and dance, was very active.

Burning Lantern Festival

Lunar calendar October 25, to stay the night, the house lit SuYouDeng, to show celebration.Today and booker self, emin county most of the Mongolian Mongolian autonomous county has but burning Lantern Festival;Mongolian WuSu county in burning of the Lantern Festival - day more not burning lamp, replaced by various forms of entertainment.After the festival, each village busy with wheat, rapeseed, furrow planting.After finish the farm work, craftsmen contracting construction groups go out again.

The festival

Mongolian semantic for "game" or "entertainment".Originally refers to the Mongolian traditional "three men competitive", wrestling, horse racing and archery.Along with the development of era, gradually evolved into today's includes a variety of cultural and entertainment content of grand celebrations and material exchange activities.In the history of the festival is not restricted by time, usually in the landscape, army war, kay turning, king, and he reigned in the first month, and large celebrations and other occasions.Today the festival, held each year in late summer and fall, is generally to the production situation of animal husbandry, small small open harvest, harvest is big.Content in addition to the traditional "three men competitive", and theatrical performances, track and field, and all kinds of economic and cultural exhibition consultation, material exchanges and order.

The Mongolian diet custom

Mongolian food featured many, such as roast sheep, oven baked whole sheep with the skin, hand grasping mutton, Fried lamb, roast leg of lamb, dried milk cake, Mongolia, steamed stuffed bun, Mongolia, pie, etc.Folk: cream, Mongolian permanent dairy products;Creme child;Tui whole sheep banquet MAO, is a traditional Mongolian diners, ritual activities are also commonly used;Cooked roast sheep, Inner Mongolia ordos region flavor dishes;Chinese cabbage mutton volumes;Between the new su cake, the Mongolian people's traditional pastry;Dry rice and Mongolian flavor snack.Mongolian herders sheep as the guarantee of life, the source of wealth.Three square meals a solar eclipse, each meal is inseparable from the milk and meat.A food made from milk as raw material, Mongolian says "ZhaGanYi", meaning, holy and pure food, namely "white food";In food made of meat as raw material, Mongolian says "were ulam Edith", meaning "red".

Mongols in addition to the consumption of the most common milk, also eat the goats, deer horse milk, milk, and camels' milk, a few as milk drinks, most of the processed into dairy products, such as: yogurt dried, dried milk cake, creme slag, butter, cream, butter, cheese cake, milk powder and so on more than ten kinds, can eat in the dinner, and snacks for old and young.Dairy products superior has always been regarded as treasures, and if there is a guest, the first thing to offer, ifThe childTo and have to creme or cream onto her forehead, to show good wishes.

Mongolian meat is mainly cattle, sheep, followed by goat meat, camel meat, and a small amount of horse meat, hunting yellow mutton in the hunting season.The traditional method of eating mutton common all-sheep banquet, tender skin whole sheep banquet, Tui hair whole sheep banquet, roast sheep, roast mutton, Fried morels, stewed sheep brain food, etc. More than 70.The most distinctive is the Mongolian bake complete sheep (skinning roast), oven baked whole sheep with the skin or la shan bake complete sheep, one of the most common is a hand to grasp lamb.Mongolian mutton boiled, boiled after eating, to keep the fresh mutton, when doing hand grasping mutton, avoid is boiled too old.But in the eastern Inner Mongolia region of the mixed han Mongolian people also like eating cooked add seasonings, and cooked the meat into crisp rotten hand catch mutton.In some areas of the Mongolian people also like meat cut into large sheep lumbar fossa, hanging paste Fried cutlet, folk known as "Fried sheep".Most beef consumption in winter.Have made all beef banquet, more is stewed, braise in soy sauce, soup.Also eat their meat and horse meat, Fried hump dipped in sugar, as on food, the experienced chefs are also good at the beef tendon, deer tendon, the bullwhip ox tail into various diet dishes to cook.For convenience of save, also often think of cattle, sheep made into jerky and bacon.

Mongolian people leave the tea, every day in addition to drink black tea, almost all have the habit of drinking milk tea, first thing in the morning boiled milk tea, boiled milk tea new water purification, it is best to bring to a boil, put the dust into the net pot or pan, simmer for 2-3 minutes, then milk and salt on the boiling.Mongolian milk tea, sometimes with butter or creme, or Fried, taste fragrant, salty cool delicious, is contain a variety of nutrition nourishing beverage.Some people even believe that three days don't eat food can be, but not a day don't drink tea with milk.Mongolians also like the fruit of many wild plants, leaves, flowers are used for cooking tea, cooked tea flavors, some prevention can cure.

Can drink most of the mongols, drinking wine is wine and beer more, some areas also drink beverage and koumiss.Mongols brewed beverage, namely put milk into the bucket, then add a small amount of heavy optimal dairy milk (yogurt more than normal acid) as a starting point, daily agitation, 3, 4, after being all sour milk, can heat the pan, pan cover, a bottomless barrel gulp down the barrel of the medial hang a number of small tank, on a seat on a bottomless barrel again a wok filled with cold water, yogurt after heating the condensed liquid iron pan evaporation in the cold, drip into the small tank, becomes a pot of milk wine, such as the degree is not strong, also can again steaming pot.During festivals or guest friends, are in the habit of drinking.Koumiss is fresh mare s made by fermentation, distillation is not required.

Beverage, grilled meat

The Mongolian people's indigenous grasslands to livestock for their livelihoods.Koumiss, grilled meat, roast mutton is their favourite drink life food and hospitality delicacies.Seven fat cows in August each year and is made from a season of koumiss.Diligence Mongolian women will mare s control store in skins, stir, after days of milk fat separation and fermented into alcohol.With the development of science, the prosperity of the life, made from Mongolian kumiss exquisite technology is increasingly perfect, not only have simple fermentation, also made from a strong distillation milk wine.After six steamed stuffed beverage for top grade.Koumiss temperature, cold, and tendons, promoting blood to be good, and so on.Known as the purple jade pulp, yuan yu slurry, is one of the "eight Jane" Mongolia.To the yuan dynasty court and Mongolia noble government main drinks.Kublai Khan also often put it in the precious golden bowl, reward active subjects.Grilled meat is one of the Mongolian traditional method of food.It is fat sheep gut break belly, viscera wash skin, to head the hoof, then the whole sheep discharged into chunks, into the boiled water, treated water rolled meat cooked out, put in the market on the table, we each hold Mongolian knife to cut the masses.Don't use chopsticks, with the hand prey.