The miao nationalityCustoms and habitsMiao festival information and clothing characteristics

The origin of the miao nationality

The miao tribe called the ancient, the earliest in oracle.Tang and song dynasty ago, there was "three miao", "na", "jing", "five ling pretty", etc.The miao and other ethnic these names called blend together.Only from several mixed said, after the song dynasty miao "pretty", as a single name.

Miao according to language differences can be divided into three major dialect, eastern hmong dialects respectively (also called xiangxi dialect), central hmong dialects (also called province dialect) and western hmong dialects.Miao claim, in xiangxi area of miao said "people bear" (GuoXiong), and in other parts of said "frame," fierce "or" cover ", etc."Strong" or "receive", province means "heart" of the miao, maple legend had "younger sister younger sister left a list of" butterfly (mom), alive, "younger sister younger sister left a list of" miao ancestor "Jiang Yang", hence the "hard" or "receive" race, said western dialect miao self-proclaimed hmongb (Mongolia), intended to "people" and other words.Local area known as the "alarm", meaning, perhaps is a relic of the ancient wu clan totem.According to the clothing, the history, has the different, in front of the word "miao" under different names.After 1949, collectively known as the miao nationality.

About miao ethnic origin, and as early as four thousand years ago, living in the Yellow River to the Yangtze river basin and the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region is referred to as the "na" jiangyuan clan or tribe.Some people think that the era of ancient legend human-god gist for today's miao ancestors, have affinity with miao.Some people think that the ancient three miao and miao have origin relations.Others think that today's "miao" can be traced back to the ancient "Mao".In addition, there is light pocket, yelang south county, the county said, panhu, wuling pretty etc.

Some legends of the era of human-god, Tang Yu summer in the age of three, YanZhou Mao, the spring and autumn period and the warring states era of the era of the jing brute, qian in the qin and han dynasties era of pretty or wuling pretty, including a miao ancestors, is miao ancestors different names in different times in history.

All in all, according to history records and legends, miao ancestors YanZhou era has now hubei qingjiang river and dongting lake in hunan area.In the spring and autumn period and the warring states period, in bashu, yelang and jingzhou miao ancestors activities.Qin and han dynasties, most of the miao nationality ancients in wuling county, rongjiang KeJun and more Xi county, south county, the county regions such as the settlement, a small number of liujiang river basin continue to migrate to the province.Later, as a result ofThe war, famine, epidemics, birth incredibly moving and farmland DiuHuang reasons.

The religious practices of the miao nationality

Miao believed all things have spirit, worship nature, enshrined ancestors."Hide a brighter day" is one of the biggest miao folk ritual activities.Seven years is generally a small sacrifice, thirteen years a big sacrifice.B hai day in lunar calendar October to November, at the appointed time to kill a brighter ZiNiu, lusheng dance, and sacrifice to ancestors.The food invite relatives and friends get together, in order to enhance feelings, family harmony.

Main beliefs of the miao nationality has natural worship, totem worship, ancestor worship, and other forms of primitive religion, miao traditional social superstition ghosts and gods, the prevalence of witchcraft.There are also some miao Christian, Catholic.Miao's belief in Buddhism, Taoism mainly east dialect miao, miao said "Baddeibzhal" (ba generation weeks).

Since modern times, along with the western missionaries into the mainland, in the yunnan guizhou sichuan YuanLing border region, guizhou Carey, hunan and other regions have some miao people converted to Christianity, and in southeast yunnan minority miao Catholic faith.Especially in northeastern yunnan and guizhou northwest area of the Christian faith had momentum strong, great influence.Foreign missionary mission or the missionaries in the miao area opened a lot of Chinese small schools, medical institutions, and even some economic development projects, to the improvement of the miao, the progress of the society, the political status has played a role of.Famous priest of anshun party in kernel, berger, Zhang Daohui, Wang Shude, both were killed before drum.

Miao, in Vietnam, state-owned Lao hmong minority Catholic faith.The United States, France and other western countries miao also have Christian, Catholic.Laos, Thailand miao is also influenced by buddhist culture.Nonetheless, in their society, the traditional concept of ancestor worship, spirit and so on are still largely preserved.

Miao ethnic festivals

Miao is a rich ancient civilization, pay attention to etiquette nation, at the age of festivals unique bright.Miao traditional festivals according to the functional meaning is divided into: 1, the farming activity festival;2, material exchange festival;3, men's and women's social, love, marriage festival;4, worship festival;5, memorial, to celebrate the festival.Time sequence points, age 12 months, have more than one festivals every month.Move on (mouse or a month) 1-15 (the first is the solstice Yin), the second to play the festival, which is the day to day 1 - year - old festival, miao people don't go out (town);First is ugly, old day, the first second ugly ugly solstice day (2-14), people are visiting relatives and friends, each song contest in the New Year, men and women, playing dragon lantern and lion, etc.;On the second Yin day (15) as the tail (burn dragon lantern).Partial month (ugly cows month) first ugly day for the club, which is also called bibcock section, miao people, the land god solitaire, enron (si) of the miao.January (Yin tiger month) on the first Yin day for material exchange, men's and women's social section (han called the 3rd street section).In February (rabbit month or every month) of the first day for cattle group (han an April 8), men's and women's social cherry will, Buddha's birthday.March (dragon) or birth month first birth day, the second day Yin, respectivelyThe Dragon Boat FestivalAnd the great Dragon Boat Festival, including small Dragon Boat Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet qu yuan later (Mi surname), also known as qu yuan, song teacher.April (snake) or the third month of the first third day for the dragon festival (han book called guests, June), eating new barley (practice).Afternoon may (month) 1 is a day is a festival of (hmong say seven sisters, namely the big dipper).June (not sheep month) on the second of Yin day for duck section, second birth day as drive autumn day.(" monkey month) in July 1 ShenRi wine festival (made from glutinous rice harvest sweet wine, rice wine).August (unitary chicken month) as sacrificial day (mainly vertebral cattle, eat pigs, jump, incense also nuo may, such as enron worshipping si soul activities).September ShouLieJie xu-gou (dog month), the meishan nativity three god, started hunting.October (hai pigs month) every day, midday to eat (swine) kill pig out section, section of kitchen god (people), on New Year's eve, eve, han cadastral hmong New Year's day in October).In addition to this, miao because of branches, as well as the regional cultural differences, different also has this place the branches, some of the unique festival, such as huashan section.

The characteristics of the miao nationality food

Sticky rice is one of the miao diet, occupies an important position in the miao people's life and love for all ages, sexes of food, people think that eat sticky rice not hungry, weak base, less sticky rice, need not food also can eat, don't use chopsticks, hand knead the eat is extremely convenient.Relatives and friends who meet the gifts, all kinds of festival (sisters) staple food, for all kinds of food made of glutinous rice.Have a retort ribbon white sticky rice, dyed colorful flowers sticky rice, pillow shape and triangle rice dumplings, glutinous rice samples, and wine, travel, or do work uphill, more in bamboo box sheng took along to eat sticky rice store.In initial chastity saw new wife, son-in-law visit YueZhang, made of glutinous rice this gift is the gift of necessary.As a result, the amount of glutinous rice is a big proportion.XianJing miao people's common use wooden retort when boiled rice and pot pot stuffy boiled.Is according to the rice water more, don't filter rice water, people referred to as "the rice soup", the miao said "Sue WengHe", eat neither mild, and nutritious.Glutinous rice is to soak in cold water distention after first, put on the wooden steamer steamed filtering, serving in the tub and food again.Sticky rice or glutinous rice, more is pounded eat twice a day, so all the year round.That the mixture is cooked and ate or, put for a long time for rice is, eat or not.Food processing tools have a highly-efficient water-powered device, its two kinds of people, is a very early use of tools, household necessary.Its (with water) of rice milling is three centuries, reportedly was introduced into the foreign.Near the village of water or several aircraft every village has its, also only in use the busy farming season, the drought is still mainly rely on highly-efficient water-powered device thrash rice.Processing method, the baked dry or sunriceInto the stone mortar with their feet on reef backend, make the ground rod ups and downs, use the force down to thrash rice, ground sieve chaff to the net and meters.

The little black medicine stewed chicken

Miao village in north hill county, as long as the home to the guest, they will make a delicious stew chicken little black medicine let guests taste.This food is not only unique flavor, rich nutrition, and "clear lung detoxification, cold cough, ziyin kidney, blood menstruation", has long been high north miao compatriots as entertaining a guest cuisine and big become virtual tonic medicine.

Trident maple, black medicine alias grass is a perennial herb, growth in a cool and humid mountain, its root, stem and leaf can be used as a medicine, miao compatriots commonly used it to treat kidney empty, back pain, asthma and other diseases.Its make stew chicken not only unique, tender meat, delicious fragrance, but also has a tonic, medicine and other special effects.

According to hill north miao village old man, the little black medicine stewed chicken in miao folk heritage has a history of hundreds of years.Originally just a local miao women postpartum tonic, heard that the miao women who eat a little black stewed chicken, postpartum after three days can be put into normal production work.Because of the little black medicine stewed chicken rich nutrition and efficacy of magic, then gradually evolved into a local merchant hospitality food.Along with the development of tourism in the high north, the black, black medicine stewed chicken became hill north dish highlight a characteristic, is the favour of locals and tourists.

Miao's dress

Clothing characteristic miao costumes more than 200 kinds of, is our country and the kind of miao nationality costumes in the world the most and best preserved area, known as the "miao costume museum".Miao dress from overall, keep the Chinese folk tradition of weaving, embroidery, cross-stitch, dyeing technique, often in the use of a main craft technique at the same time, other craft technique, used intermittently or singled out with embroidery, or dyed embroidery, or silk embroideries, making these blossoms clothing designs, brilliant light, show the distinctive national art features.

From the content point of view, most clothing design based on various living object, in daily life has meaning and identification of species, branches, and the important role of language, the images recorded by experts and scholars known as "wear in the body of the epic".From the point of view of modelling, the use of the traditional Chinese line-drawing type or nearly line type, single line as the profile of grain appearance.Look from making skill, clothing in the history of the development of five kinds of shape, namely, ZhiZhi, sewing, split type and clipping, examples are in the miao costumes, historical hierarchy is clear, is a clothing production history museum.Look from the color, they are good at a variety of strong color contrast, striving for the color of the rich and thick gorgeous feeling, generally are red, black, white, yellow, blue five.Look from the composition of a picture, it is not to highlight the theme, focus on to meet the requirements of the integral feeling of clothing.From the form, divided into dress and casual wear.

As if the silver is a representative of the miao women logo, represents the MiaoJiaRen's unique works of art."Ci sea" in specified MiaoXiu has on behalf of the merchant with the highest levels of xiang embroidery, embroidery, shu embroidery, yue embroidery tied together."Miao embroidery, clothing as the famous art master liu haisu praise: "MiaoNv embroidery wonderful artical excelling nature, xiang embroidery is hard to avoid custom, has a great deal of business development and prospects.

Merchant's favorite girl wear pleated skirt, a skirt on the fold has more than 500, and the layer number of many, some as many as forty layers.These skirts from textile cloth to dye sewing, until the last drawing embroidery, are the girls themselves independently, coupled with the hand embroidery flower belt, chest pocket, is really colorful, beautiful.

Tire including Angle of silver, silver, silver cap, silver surround, silver wave front row, silver hair and silver pin, top comb, honeysuckle flower, silver wire mesh chain, silver earrings, silver children's hats.

If the costumes of the miao girl together, it will become a beautiful silver world.Xi dai silver is the nature of miao girls, they wan bun on the top of the head, put on about 20 centimeters high, making fine silver crown, crown have 6 root height not ahead of fructus forsythiae wing, it mostly also.the neutrals, butterfly vice-mayor, red phoenix in morning sun, birds pay homage to the king, freely-swimming fishes swimming pattern.Except on silver in some areas, gold silver, also about 1 meter high silver horns, the tip is color, more show its elegant.