tujiaCustoms and habitsTujia festivals data and characteristics of the clothing

Tujia nationality is one of China's ethnic minorities, mainly live in the eastern yunnan-guizhou plateau flows dalou mountains, wuling mountain and daba area 100000 m2 kilometers, mainly distributed in hunan, hubei, guizhou and sichuan borders the wuling mountain area.Han a lot after the move, "tujia" as our family began to appear.Tujia people call themselves "finish this card", meaning "local people and local".In October 1956, the state ethnic affairs through national identification, established tujia as a nation.The xiangxi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture of hunan province, established in 1957, and established the enshi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture of hubei province in 1983, then set up a unitary Yang, mountain, stone pillars, changyang, five mountains, YinJiang, such as ethnic autonomous counties along the river.At present the common language for Chinese, its language has almost lost.

Tujia cultural etiquette

Mainly engaged in agriculture of tujia people.Art is the traditional process of tujia women silk embroideries.Tujia traditional craft and sculpture, painting, paper cutting, wax printing, etc.Tujia brocade is also called "sealand karp", is one of the three jin in China.

Tujia love singing folk songs, folk songs are love songs, song of crying marriage, motioning with his hand songs, Labour songs, song, etc.Waving dance, unitary Yang folk songs, unitary Yang gu song was listed in state-level non-material cultural heritage list, YouYang County 100000 people in 2010 with the hand-shaking dance create the guinness book of world records, 2011-2013 by the ministry of culture named "Chinese folk culture and art of the township", October 18, 2010, along the river in guizhou tujia autonomous county, was named the "home of the tujia folk songs in China.Traditional dance has "waving dance", "sweet" two dance and dance "MAO goose".Ketoneses instruments have konoha, "product", "guy", etc.In the 1980 s, the dragon boat song by the UNESCO as one of the world's 25 outstanding folk song, enshi tujia and miao autonomous prefecture of hubei province lichuan city, known as the hometown of dragon boat song.

Tujia traditional festivals are: eat a new section, shebaa, driven, cattle Kings, HuaChao section, washing section god, etc.

Meet etiquette mainly include: to greet each other, the home have guests, will warm hospitality.Sees if there is a festival to the tujia's home, the master will also come up with white zi ba to bake, to cook both sides when the golden flower, bluebottle clean, filling into sugar or honey, both hands to guests.In some places for guests to eat zi ba and some exquisite, namely the baked zi ba to the guest, the guest may not bluebottle ashes, to took the bite, the owner may take net back blowing, dipped in sugar again to the guest.

Diet culture of tujia nationality

Daily eat custom of tujia nationality

Tujia staple food in addition to rice, corn meal in the most common, and corn meal is corn noodles is given priority to, right amount ground mixed with some rice pot pot to boil, or use wood retort.Forthcoming sometimes eat beans rice, mung beans, peas and rice and boil food, such as San BaBa and group is tujia seasonal staple food, some even eat until ZaiYang, red tiaoxi has been as a staple food in many areas in the past, now is still some areas after the winter of regular food.Tujia dishes with hot and sour as its main characteristics.Folk every family has a sour pickled cabbage cylinder to pickled sour pickled cabbage, sauerkraut, hardly would sour chili Fried meat as a delicious, hot pepper is not only a kind of dish, also is the spice of meal and carrots.Such as planting season, in the morning, to add a "premature", "premature" is mostly made of glutinous rice dumplings or green bean powder kind of snacks.Is said to be "premature" meal eat tangyuan has a good harvest and prosperity.Also like cooking oil tea liquor of tujia people.

Tujia festivals, etiquette eat custom

Tujia folk pays attention to traditional festivals, especially in the New Year.When every family to kill swine, dyed red, green, to dry and become, do green soybean powder, boiled rice wine or suck up wine, etc.Pork and vegetables is an essential part of tujia folk festival, festival AGAR AGAR.February 2nd called lunar calendar club, the club dinner.DuanYangJie eating zongzi.Glutinous rice BaBa is one of the most popular food in tujia folk.The double ninth festivalBaBa, daughter, "sit on" send BaBa housing liang BaBa.Holiday gift friends and relatives, are also commonly BaBa each other.Besides glutinous rice BaBa BaBa BaBa of sorghum, millet, corn BaBa, etc.Bacon is tujia fine food.After winter solstice, chunks of pork with salt, pepper, spices pickled, hanging on the fire resistance, the cypress field burning, smoke.General areshavingscompany for tea is said to eat camellia, Yin rice or dumplings, Fried eggs, etc.Hunan xiangxi tujia guest xi with covered bowl of meat, in a heavy piece of fat meat cover bowl, the following equipped with lean meat and pork ribs.To express respect for the guests and sincere hospitality, meat cut into large, wine in large bowl.Regardless of the weddings, housing building, such as weddings, funerals are festivities, commonly used to nine per table bowl of food, seven bowls or eleven bowl of food, but no table eight bowl, ten bowl.Because eight bowl table is called a spoon to eat hanako, ten bowl of homophones with stone, are considered not honour in the guest, and thus avoid eight and ten.Tujia festivities water seats (only a bowl of boiled meat, and the rest are all vegetarian dishes, more is before or after the office seats table), and mat (seafood), crisp clasp seats (have a bowl of rice flour or Fried noodles and crisp flesh) and five four line (four plates, five bowls, are the meat).Sitting in seat points degress, old and young, serving successively in order.Tujia drinking, especially in a festival or entertain guest, wine is indispensable.Among the common liqueur is made from glutinous rice, sorghum and suck up wine, degree is not high, pure flavor.

Tujia people eat custom of sacrifice

Tujia past superstition ghosts and gods, ancestor worship, every festival to worship ancestors, the new moon, 15 also must carry on the little respect.The food of ancestor worship has pig, regiment San, BaBa, chickens, ducks and species of grain.Some before each meal before meals with chopsticks inserted a small amount of food on the dinner silent for a while, said the deceased ancestors, please eat first, and then began to eat, the lunar June 6 for the king of the soil, every village set wave don, put pig, fruit offerings motioning with his hand in front of the hall.October ShuoRi offering winter, kill chickens and ducks set banquet guests.In addition, tujia people still worship of kitchen god, the land god, grain, officer, in the room when building the ruban, offering in addition to the wine meat, but also a big cock.

The typical food of tujia nationality

Tujia people favorite BaBa (zi ba) bacon, camellia, white pepper and other food, in addition: dishes, tujia nationality at the feast the most often eat dish, often presented with corn samshu;Group San, tujia flavor snack, with sticky rice Fried after processing, are commonly used to bubble water when tea for the guests welcome;Green bean powder (rice noodles), made from raw materials such as rice, mung bean;Fried jialing, also known as incense or "lamp socket", is Fried from rice and soybean as main raw materials.

Tujia ethnic costumes

Today's tujia costumes, women's clothing for the jacket sleeves, left coat cardigan, rolled with 2 ~ 3 layer of lace, edge canister or skirt;Men's clothing for mandarin blouses."Year", namely the Chinese New Year, l ~ 2 days in advance is an important festival.Tujia men pipa breasted coat, moss headscarf.Rolling two or three women left inner coat, lace, sleeve is wide, under the edge of canister or eight skirt of thin silk, like wearing a gold, silver, jade ornaments.But not as good as the miao silver, generally not too visible part.Gai-tu-gui-liu policy, influenced by the han nationality, color will be red, over time, not only on the dress and on life also formed numerous red isn't pleased, happy there was red.

After "gai-tu-gui-liu policy", due to the suppression of feudal dynasty, and the powerful impact of the central plains culture, tujia costumes are full jin men's and women's apparel design, get rid of the "men's and women's clothing both" national costume, tujia home knitting lace, maintain a strong feature of the national costume.

The arts and crafts of tujia

Tujia people carving technology mostly used for corner LouWu door, window and on the girl's wood dowry, new gums.Most distinctive is the third dripping with play board of carve patterns or designs on woodwork bed.Dripping eaves the bedstead has three layer, layer upon layer ornamental engraving, carving with carve patterns or designs on woodwork edge of the foot, the other three sides have carved railings, decorative flower board, JingBing are embedded.Full bed carved design is "the magpies make more mei", "the double phoenix chaoyang", "in extremely good fortune", "kylin SongZi" and so on.These designs are cutting a clean, smooth lines, object vividly, the composition is full, lively and interesting.Also has no "three water" carve patterns or designs on woodwork gums, carver as fine, not as "three water" gums gorgeous, but looks very lively and bright.Most of the wood carving handicraft in tujia is the appliance of daily life.Like vulture has all kinds of flowers, birds, and character of the story dresser, cupboard, wash a face frame, small square table, table, chair, wardrobe, etc.

Marriage customs of tujia people

Many men and women love the songTo get married.Tujia customs before the woman get married, have "crying marriage" custom.In preparation for the crying marriage, the girl slightly understand, learn to cry to marry.Watch and learn how to cry, very hour with crying.When crying marriage, read aloud, is called "rice" send to marry.Crying marriage, the family village girl with crying.Accompany cry, cry more sad, more beautiful, more moving better.Before marriage, girl if not crying marriage, will suffer discrimination and sneer at.He must send BaBa to the family, to participate in many crying marriage, wide range, and has a special song of crying marriage.In short of time crying marriage before marriage is five or six days, one month long.Want to cry with family members, relatives and friends.Cry content have father and mother "cry", "cried elder brother sister-in-law", "sister cry", "cried the matchmaker", "and to" cry, cry "Cousins", "Cousins cry" and so on.Liberation crying marriage has been gradually fade, only live in the mountains PiYe part of tujia and heritage relic.

Tujia traditional festival

Tujia festivals.From the content of the festival, with worship festival to commemorate the festival, celebrating festivals and social entertainment and productive festival five classes.Their religious beliefs have on the natural worship and beliefs, such as land, rocks, mountains, rivers, such as water as the object of worship.Animal and plant worship: cattle, sheep, dogs, etc., totem worship, such as the eagle, the white tiger totem, especially with the tiger as the ancestor god, are found everywhere in white tiger temple, there are white tiger ghost, often sacrifice.And worship of ancestors and ghosts and gods.

There are big lady tujia in April 7 or 17, seiqnyied bat or 18 for MAO group.It must beKill pig, do big tuo meat ancestor worship, feast to entertain friends and married the girl, the local popular speak "ox hair king story", peasants slash-and-burn, ancient legend, obtained hungry resin and the land, cattle king according to solid told the jade emperor, reportedly cattle and all that time is April 7 or 17, others seiqnyied bat or eighteen, as the ox hair king, the king's birthday.Every day, the cow not plow, made of the best feed.

Catch a festival is a traditional tujia festivals, in order to "catch" the most.A day earlier than the han nationality, tujia holidays time abortion for December 28, monthly to 29.Why want to advance, there are several kinds of legend: in order to resist the enemyThe warAnd in advance.In jiajing period, the ancients with Hu Zongxian bonobo.On December 29 large chamber - soldiers, the enemy every New Year's eve, hence triumph, later generations along, into a family trait.Merit of illustrious conform to the historical truth, "Ming" is loaded.There are about in advance in order to fight.Catch festival will be glutinous rice samples, kill pig ancestor worship, cooking wine.On New Year's eve "guard the year", "steal", namely after eat the family reunion dinner, the hand holding the blowpipe round behind the house, called a "war", some shotgun come up the mountain "die camp", in memory of ancestors.Although one day ahead of schedule "year", eve is bigger on New Year's eve.In some places is "the first worship god, 2 husbands, grade 4 thanks to friends".There are various recreational activities, "playing dragon lantern", "swing", "walking on stilts", "difficult to sing opera" and so on.

The religious beliefs of tujia nationality

Tujia nationality in the stage of primitive religious worship.Ancestor worship, natural worship, hero worship, totem worship, and other forms.The ancestor worship as the earth king, eight great god, to the king, to Mr. Wang, these are early ancestor god tujia people, think of the soul can shelter the prosperity of the nation.Built temple, ancestral temple, worship on a regular basis.Worship to nature, think that everything is god.Tujia people think that the great gentleman after death into a white tiger, white tiger, worship offering are found everywhere in white tiger temple, situated on jun is Wang Tianzi, name service phase, so the white tiger temple, the great king temple, phase Wang Tianzi temple is to worship the same person, and god xian for the white tiger in a god in the home, but also by the great gentleman.

Influenced by the han nationality in religion, the main superstition ghosts and gods, ancestor worship.The god is not their own.In the past have wizard spirits.Some local channel.