Yi people'sCustoms and habitsYi nationality festival information and clothing characteristics

Yi is one of the nation with a long history and ancient Chinese culture, be Sue, Sue, Luo Wu, rice in search, and, ash and other different claims.Mainly distributed in yunnan, sichuan and guizhou provinces and the guangxi zhuang autonomous region in northwest.Yi nationality has a long history and colorful culture, ancient times on the calendar and religious belief has a deep research, formed in the course of the development of all the year round my own food and clothing culture, economic development has been.

The history of the yi nationality

The yi's history can be traced back to the emperor period (about 2570-2550 BC).History of han literature: "the road" volume 2 note led "pass through" : "emperor for 30 months, November for the winter solstice".Scholar seeks the far studies of yi's ancient cosmology and calendar guide published planning office of ancient books of ethnic minorities in yunnan province are "bean Que which, xu ZuBai on credit" cloud: "yi legend year, month, day, when the 'made up' time begins with 'emperor' : a year in December, January 30 days;12 12 during the day and night.Day and night, half-and-half points from now on.These good points, spring and summer, and fall and winter.For a year the four seasons, the four seasons are distinct.Days are long and short, monthly and seasonal, all of the emperor."Visible, yi legend name names mentioned han Chinese legend of the "emperor", replied in unison with yi and legends and han literature "to the emperor for the January 30", the "coincidence" no matter how to explain, can only be interpreted as: huang's existence is real, the prototype of the yi nationality has to imperial era.Then according to the three sovereigns chronology, "yi exists in the early 4500 years ago.Nationality is not the start some, such as the han nationality, is on the basis of the pre-qin Chinese clan fusion after multiple nationalities, formed in the han dynasty.Yi lived in the southwest mountainous area, the terrain occlusion, exchanges the fusion situation may be a lot less than the han nationality, believe she is a blood relative simple people.To survive in a direct line of succession in 4500, up to now, should be one of the most ancient nationalities in China.

Yi's wedding

Young men and women after engagement, it must carry on the wedding banquet.Wedding banquet is multi-purpose, pigs, chicken, general need not mutton (funeral with lamb).Shiping south yunnan yi has brought together before married men and women partners dinner swig of acquisition;Western yunnan yi, who wed, marry a will in the yard or bazi, scaffolding, with branches for the guest drinking, smoking,Have a mealBuilt with branches, sit, the temporary shed says "blue tent."

Yi dating strange, interesting, the most interesting thing is, held in skirt ritual girl, can make love in the "playing field" and a beloved, as well as the matchmaker said affinity for wine engagement, let the bride to starve, relatives and friends all night crying marriage, to meet QinZhe water, take back the bride and bridal chamber fight against traditional marriage customs.

Girls in nepotism

Yi girl entered the adult (general) at the age of 15, in accordance with the customs to held a grand "ritual" in skirt.In skirt the ritual ceremony, the girl let the sisters took her comb the original single braid change into double braid, plate on the top of the head.Also to wear the white pendant ears or wear ear off the old line, put on red agate coral beads or silver eardrop, to show his good luck.In the end, the girl took off the original red and white skirt, put on the embroidery lace jacket and color such as black, blue, yellow, white and white have plait dress.Put on a new skirt, the girl can dance to "play games" singing, to participate in social activities, to start looking for my sweetheart.

Back the bride

According to yi stockade common rules, when the bride marry, their feet may not be born with soil, otherwise has the danger of children is not sweet, has to be back by ridiculous fellow bride, and helped her horse.Together on the way home and all sorts of rules: if a narrow mountain road to ride a horse, to be by a ridiculous guy and take turns to carry the bride;Crossing the river by wading, more by people back across the river, the bride's embroidered shoes absolutely can't touch water.

Water ridiculous

Yi's thought, clear water to drive the evil from evil, off demons, bring happiness.When yi's wedding must be water, therefore, in order to withstand the test of the wedding party, family send unmarried or ridiculous, as well as a strong, and smart, both to parry of cold water, and can accomplish the enormity of the task "steal" the bride, often repeated deliberation when referrals, merit-based, willing to travel long distances, selecting yangjae.

Yi's wedding party is done by means of "steal".In the first night of "rob close", the girls to boys began a fierce war of words.Girls with splashing, drench, irrigation, shoot a variety of ways, such as fiercely attack lad, make to "rob close" guy too.So the smart young man will find water before dark, part quietly away, to alleviate the"The flood"Attack.

After a night of water when the morning comes, "rob close" began.At this moment, the girls on the bride, the boys went to "scramble", the girls defensive strictly, the guy must be clever, take a moment of vulnerability, bride ran, ran out of the mountain road in a thing or two just to walk straight.Visible, "grab" for the bride to the husband's family is how not easy!But yi's thought, the wedding ceremony of the spilt a rob will banish evil thing and ensure that life in the future without intrusion.

The fighting in the bridal chamber

According to the yi people's custom, bridal chamber night, the bride if you don't fight against, will be laughed at, "this is not againstA woman!"Ancestors, it is said that they gave birth to the child in the future, will not be admitted, after death is not "hell"!So, wait for diners, the couple in the bridal chamber, and play a fight.They fight kills, tore clothes face, from the sound of popping of bridal chamber, shock the whole country is to smell.The next morning, the groom and he led the bride parents.On the afternoon, the groom then about a partner, with the bride, back to her parents.If the demand is a naughty, young man, when they went to the home of the bride, this young man will be through the door first, sweet sound sweet gas to call father mother first, then the bridegroom also called, make the bride's parents don't know what is his son-in-law.

Yi people's eating habits

Yi's main food most in life is corn, time for buckwheat, rice, potatoes, wheat, oats, etc.Meat is mainly beef, pork, lamb, chicken, etc., like cut into fist-sized cooking, han called "tuo tuo meat".And most of the large and small liangshan yi people eating dog, do not eat horse meat and frog meat like snakes.Yi to eat sour, hot, alcohol, with the wine hospitality etiquette.Wine to solve all kinds of disputes, make friends, weddings and other occasions in the essential thing in the world.

Yi is the most populous nation in the southwest minority, distribution of the southwest provinces in China.Yunnan yi accounts for two-thirds, due to the geographical environment and living resources is extremely rich, on the basis of the agricultural yi planting more corn, potatoes, barley, wheat, and buckwheat.Vegetables are rich.Living in the mountains, mid-levels district yi like goats, especially in the small liangshan yi goats at most.

Lamb is the main food source, there are some special customs: sheep sheep sheep liver, stomach first used to worship of ancestors, and then burn the food, also some raw;Sheep brain to old people to eat;In the growth period of women avoid eating ram;The shepherd can't feed sheep tail;Sheep blood with shredded radish pickles, pickled do after on steamed rice to eat, taste particularly tasty.

Yi people eat chicken also has some exquisite.Use generally eat stewed, earthenware cooking, not the knife.After cooked chicken with the hand to tear into strips, dipped in hot pepper, Chinese prickly ash juice.Head of a dog than the tail of a lion from the old man to eat and to see whether the hexagrams chicken (shape) of the brain.

Yi people likedrinking, sweet and spicy wine points two kinds, the past is in his own home brew.Sweet glutinous rice, hot liquor made from sorghum or maize."No wine no respect guests home" tradition.

Yi in the New Year's day is a holiday to vertebral cattle and sheep, and slaughter pigs and chickens, and slaughter, and generally seldom move unless entertaining guests.Yi has killed swine eat custom, eat half to yourself, the other half to my father-in-law.Swine pickling, hang up, air-dried became bacon or ham.GuoNianJie tuo tuo meat, zi ba, even when the altar altar wine, liquor, wine, tea.

When the lunar June 24, torch festival, every family slaughtered sheep kill chickens, cook new buckwheat rice.Mixing with mutton, rippled around, said worship, pray for good crops, disease-free without disaster.At night, lit a torch, singing and dancing to disperse snake and insect pests.A dozen samples festival at the yi nationality in guangxi in September the new "taste a fresh delicacy" customs, eat newrice.These are the festival festive food.

Yi has a set of social etiquette eat custom.Yi stockade hospitality, every guest in the home is to treat each other with wine.A dozen specifications or big or small, vertebral cattle as gift, sheep,Kill pigGradually, slaughtered chicken.Hit sacrifice, cattle led to a respectful guest before.To cattle, sheep hospitality is no knife, crush or punching die with the hand, therefore calls sacrifice, the gimmick extremely agile, he often have not died and peel has.

Diners are seating order has a certain system, generally around the heishui seated, guests to sit on the heishui first commonly, yi said "xia er fruit";Evaluation with sitting on the right side of heishui, yi said, "wood";Help, the woman is sitting with family and friends in heishui beer-mugs, yi said "xia base".Guests, will be automatically postponed to the right.

The order of the lines of wine based on yi proverbs "arable land from bottom up, more than wine down".Seated first and then under the seat, "the wine is the elderly, meat is a young man", the wine to the guests, and to old people or elders, first time for young people, everyone has a.

In the rural areas both weddings, have a custom of "early Saturday night eight".The six in the morning, bowl like tofu, braised pork, sichuan style stew pork, cabbage, vermicelli, pig blood, and peanuts.Article eight bowl at night, such as yellow, braise in soy sauce meat, and crepe sand (Fried skin), fermented meat, cold meat, stewed sausages, peanut, etc., economic bounteous and a bowl of chicken stew.Yi nationality is good at roasted, Fried, boiled, cooking techniques, such as mixing heavy taste salty, sweet, hot, hemp, especially famous for making cheese.

Yi's daily drinks wine, tea, with wine to entertain guest, folk have "han your tea, yi people your wine".

Most of the yi people are accustomed to three meals a solar eclipse, with grains surface, rice is the staple food.Yi hand ShaJiang, anling river, dadu river basin, more for a knot in one's meal for breakfast.Lunch with BaBa as staple food, with dining tables.In all BaBa, with buckwheat do BaBa the richest characteristic.It is said that buckwheat BaBa xiaoshi, chemical product, stop sweat, anti-inflammatory effect, and can be far not bad.Guizhou female ning Qiao cake has become a prestigious local traditional snacks.

Mainly to pigs, sheep, beef meat.Is mainly to make "tuo tuo meat sheep, beef soup pot, soup pot, or roast sheep, roast pig, acquired by hunting deer, bear, blue sheep, wild boar, etc also supplement daily meat.

Mountain is rich in mushrooms, black fungus, walnut, and production of vegetable garden, making the source of the vegetables is very extensive.In addition to fresh food, mostly to make sauerkraut, dry pickles and sauerkraut points bubble sauerkraut, another manufacturer "more rabbah" food is the most common folk dishes.

Yi people often eat the typical foods are: Qiao jialing, yi nationality flavor food;Batter sauerkraut meat, yi farmers home cooking;White boiled Suckling pig, yunnan yi traditional delicacies, dip in with after Suckling pig boiled food;Crispy rice oil powder, yunnan yi flavor snacks, made from peas surface.

Yi people's religious beliefs

Yi religion has strong primitive religious color, worship god more, mostly all things have spirit of natural worship and ancestor worship.Natural worship, the most main is a belief in fairies and ghosts.

Yi's traditional festival

Yi nationality festival mainly include "torch festival", "yi", "benzhu worship", "secret side", "dance song festival" and so on."Torch festival" is the most common and most yi region grand traditional festival, more commonly in a summer June 24 or 25.Every torch festival, yi people, old and young, men and women dressed in ceremonial dress, dozen cattle sacrifice spirit tablet, dancing and singing, horse racing, wrestling.Night, armed with a torch, turn around the houses and fields, and gathered a burned bonfires and dance.

Torch festival

Torch festival - yi carnival: "torch festival", generally the lunar June twenty four to 26 evening, is the great festival of yi nationality.At the appointed time to kill cows, sheep, offering ancestors, some area is also the main soil, attached to each other, tuo tuo meat, wish good harvest.Torch festival for 3 days commonly, one day the whole family reunion, held in 2 days after wrestling, horse racing, bull fighting, racing boat, rich and colorful activities such as tug of war, and then held a grand bonfire party, a night out.

When night falls, people waved the torches, flocking around the village, village, over the field, each other to the other side of the face powder, sprinkle pine torches, the lighter, starts to shine like the day.According to the custom of the yi nationality, and loose powder on the torches, make the torch "bang" leaps a brilliant spark, and raise a fragrance, is a kind of good wish said: successors to inclined, is respect, longevity and blessing;Elders for the younger generation, is a touching, wish lucky;Intimate love is mutual, the same;Young men and women, each other is the beginning of love.

Lunan yi, guishan, etc, during the festival, people play the big three, jump up fine TiaoYue "o", wrestling, bull fighting activities at the same time;Chuxiong yi, maitreya, etc, also for the traditional "the fire" ceremony.Festival night, deep in the yi mountain, there is "I port view", the scene is very spectacular.

Yi ethnic instrumental music

Yi song: the epic song songs, love songs, wedding songs, custom, and happy toasting song, song song, ghosts, witches, retribution and so on the many kinds of tune;From the nominal points and songs have Russia, elegant, left, etc."Russia" means to sing, can sing in all kinds of occasions, a more casual atmosphere;"Elegant" is a kind of solo folk songs, the singer for young men and women commonly, is even more;The "left" is a wedding song, on a big wedding night, by both sides between out two beloved hand dance while singing;"Grid" is a kind of honor the dead or ancestor worship activities, bimo with alcohol or water pouring into the red-hot iron or burning coals, and murmured, will need to sacrifice offerings or need to remove flash in the rise of water vapor, and sometimes evil people from watered irons or burning coals across, to eliminate the things or people don't clean.Read the words of improvisation, there are many generations of handwritten text, depending on the different USES choose of praise;"Bi" refers to the yi bimo chanting scriptures behavior in the religious activities.Music is a song and dance music, music, playing music leaves, which also have many tunes.In addition, there are many kinds of Musical Instruments: yueqin is one of the yi's favorite Musical Instruments, string is generally for two root, with strong artistic expression;Kouxian is made from bamboo qualitative copper, shaped like bamboo reed, there is a spring in the middle tongue, by control breathing to adjust tone;"Cloth" is one of the yi people's unique musical instrument, play its characteristics, is to use the nose to make drum gills continuous air supply, can imitatebabyCrying, birds singing;Lusheng and suona. Used to play more yi folk songs and tunes.

Yi ethnic costumes

Yi costumes, around is not the same.Liangshan, QianXi area, usually a man wear black narrow sleeve right XieJin coat and fold more wide leg trousers, wear in areas where small leg trousers, and in the center of the front head storage XiaoLiu long hair headscarf, right hand a clip-on knots.More women to keep national characteristics, often in baotou around his head, a corset and belt;In some places women have the habit of wearing long skirts.Men and women in a clean, while going out.Get jewelry pendants, bracelets, rings, and so on, use silver and gold and jade.

Yi dress a wide variety, colorful, is the embodiment of the yi people's traditional culture and aesthetic consciousness.In the long historical development process, the yi people living in different region, create and formed their own different dress custom, occupies an important position in the yi material folk custom.According to the region, branches of the yi people's clothing folk performances, yi nationality clothing can be divided into liangshan, WuMengShan, red river, southeast yunnan, western yunnan, chuxiong six types, various types and can be divided into several styles.Here are some.