The naxiCustoms and habitsHoliday information and dress characteristic of the naxi nationality

The naxi ethnic history

Naxi nationality is the ancient qiang people, descendants from northwest hehuang region warmth-loving creature, and indigenous fusion and form.

To the wei and jin dynasty, qin and han dynasties, the naxi people migrate to dadu river and yalong river basin, mainly nomadic, livestock.

The tang dynasty, some naxi ancestors along yalong river south, arrived in lijiang.Then send troops south, established the first regime in eastern erhai lake - the letter.History according to the analysis a letter to the "best and the soldier, element as something to avoid".The analysis in not too long been nanzhao, a letter to the naxi ancestors south pace from this check.

Since then, the naxi ancestors back jinsha river middle reaches basin;500 years, in the tang dynasty, the nanzhao, tubo three strong hard weeks between the cracks of turning, hard to survive.This special environment molded the national character of the naxi deep tenacity, flexibility.At the same time, the culture of the naxi nationality by the three culture moist, representatives of the dongba script into the national culture.Song dynasty, the political environment of the naxi ancestors have improved: north of tubo dynasty apart;Nanzhao also fell into chaos;East of the song dynasty is struggling to cope with the northern nomadic people, unable to running southwest."So after something, something, Dali can not have, cannot to tubo, song also abandoned its land, into ou of xinjiang, after three hundred and fifty years."Naxi people won the independence of a rare development opportunity.At the same time in the social and economic production to obtain the full development (farming civilization has replaced till half animal husbandry production status), do some of the tribes scattered on the political gradually unified;Improve the dongba culture system gradually.

In the early 13th century, Mongolia army crossing across sac, pacify yunnan, to silence the naxi nationality in five hundred brought a strong impact, also provides the opportunity for thousand years history of difficult: AD 1276, yuan set and main office in lijiang, a county and at the head of the house seven states.Make the naxi had a leisurely, independent development space.Naxi tribal also gradually in this period to the unity, from then on, the naxi started a grand national culture system construction, in the absorption of white, Tibetan culture essence, also accept the moist the han culture of the central plains.

Ming dynasty was a period of the height of the naxi nationality.O Ming, naxi head armor ", leads the joins ", and with the Ming military conquest, frontier, repeatedly made the meritorious military service, is deep zhu yuanzhang, give "wood" surname, their hereditary lijiang local government, and actively support.The supporting policies of Ming dynasty has its profound historical background, was silent for over one hundred years of Tibet power is strong, often invaded the border the Ming dynasty, the Ming dynasty strongly support wood's forces, depending on the wood's kingdom "series of ning border" an important force.Wood's tusi carry dynasty find the sharp, storage groups wood's writers also reputation."Naxi nationality from the role of history in a passive position to become active and enterprising, in the process of history should be affected.

After the qing dynasty, wood's influence gradually decrease.Reason is once again into the central dynasty in Tibet over territory, make the lijiang lost "northwest barriers" political geographical advantages, and wood's tusi holding lords economy gradually has become a negative factors hindering the development of the productive forces.Lijiang 1723 gai-tu-gui-liu policy, wood's tusi later recovered, lijiang economy, benefiting the lijiang landlord economy rapid development.Handicraft industry also gradually prosperous, the pattern of the ancient city of lijiang eventually formed.Double suicide phenomenon which spread in great quantities, lijiang is referred to as "the double suicide" outside.

opiumThe warLater, naxi areas have also entered the social turmoil, here to LiJiangRen commonly known as "gone with the eighteenth year of" particularly damaging.Qing xianfeng, stagnation, lijiang, Dali Du Wenxiu uprising fight for 18 years, lijiang losses.Mr Picture source of lijiang is one with ":" light years (1821-1850) account under 6405, 3128276 male woman size guangxu dynasty account 15152, size of 46456 men and women, compared with four 5 light toward the reduction of registered permanent residence, all one 8, salted with back to the han fighters killed brutally clear."

Xinhai revolution naxi people's positive echo, announced from the qing rule, and participated in the nation and other sports of anti-imperialist and anti-feudal movement;The naxi lying in the Anti-Japanese War in 400, when the mainland traffic line was cut off, the Japanese in the late fall of myanmar, China's road traffic line only kunming, Dali, lijiang, Lhasa, Nepal, India this one.The lijiang became important transit point, business, culture, education, which reached its zenith.

On July 1, 1949, lijiang peaceful liberation.The lijiang naxi autonomous county was established in 1961.In 1996, lijiang 7 magnitudeThe earthquake, more than 3200 casualties, economic losses of 4.5 billion yuan.In December 1997, lijiang by UNESCO as "world cultural heritage";In June 2003, "three rivers flow" and was rated as "world natural heritage" in the same year in September, the naxi dongba ancient books are to be included in the "world heritage list memory."On July 1, 2003, lijiang city, the lijiang naxi autonomous county is divided into yulong naxi autonomous county and the ancient city.

Naxi nationality mainly live in the lijiang naxi autonomous county of yunnan province, the rest distributed in weixi, zhongdian, ninglang, politician and sichuan salt edge, YanYuan and yushania, Tibet and cheese kang county, etc.

According to textual research, historians of naxi nationality is a branch of the northwest China the ancient qiang people, around the third century A.D. migrate to settled down in lijiang area.A population of 278000 people (the fourth census in 1990).

The religion of the naxi

Naxi dongba teach, Tibetan Buddhism and other religious faith.

Lijiang naxi also generally believe in god "three flowers", became a variety of national faith.

Marriage customs of the naxi nationality

Of the naxi people in lijiang area in the past, because the yongzheng in 1723 adopted a policy of the gai-tu-gui-liu policy is influenced by the han culture, on the marriage has a monogamous and parents arranged marriage system.Children marriage by parents advocate, the matchmaker matched to cattle, sheep, pigs, wine to marry.Pay attention to suitable marriage, wifely submission and virtue, fuchangfusui han Chinese traditional ethics, such as lijiang naxi more wedded to the han, Tibetan.Within the nation, sharing different people can marry, but absolutely forbidden marriage with family.To get married, are through betrothal, please drink, a wedding program.

Naxi social mostly during the holiday season for men and women, young men and women get to know each other, through the matchmaker match, both sides parents after the eight words, the man asked the matchmaker for her tea two cylinder, box of sugar to four or six boxes, m 2 litres, in some places plus two lead salt, to pledge of eternal love, be engaged, engagement to put wedding banquet, wedding for 3 to 5 days, when male and female both sides want the festivities.Under the seat eight points, eight, all by the groom knelt treat people sit, then play serving, up to the third dish, minister toasting;Fifth dish, the bride and groom to double a glass of wine to the guest.The banquet master and family to stand outside the door shut.

In some parts of the naxi nationality region, still there exists a heritage of "snatching".This is a legacy of ancient marriage customs, reflect the women's resistance to the patriarchal system CongFu ju.Wife party to stick to the old tradition in tran, man can use "snatching to achieve left his wife in her hunsband's family live."Snatching" in the modern society, only is a kind of form, is not really strong rob, but men and women both parties of a tacit understanding, in order to "what is done cannot be undone" to prevaricate dissent to the marriage of her parents.

Double suicide customs of the naxi people.After the couple decided to double suicide, some will take his decided to tell his best friend, individual double suicide woman would tell his mother, a decision that the mother is also to keep a secret.Most of the double suicide will choose in high mountains and steep inaccessible, lush hanged himself, and die.

Naxi nationality is a people love freedom.Double suicide wind prevails began in the Ming and qing dynasty, investigate its reason has 3: first of all, the Ming and qing dynasties, a gradual increase in the influence of the han culture in yunnan region, especially after the qing dynasty "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" to the introduction of the han nationality of naxi traditional marriage pattern and love love marriage form conflict;Second, dongba teaching intervention has a lot to push in to this, it is said that in every time the wind ceremony (the double suicide die affection crack-hemp ceremony) will have lovers meet after double suicide;Again, it is closely combined with the traditional culture of naxi people.Narrative poem of the naxi nationality of the rao as lu lu is a story of a pair of young naxi double suicide, and han "the peacock flies southeast" can be said to have the same effect, but not the naxi by the han Confucian culture three cardinal guides "and so on, and therefore the reason of double suicide by man's subjective factors to the objective factors of person helpless (ghosts-gods factors).

Since the 1950 s, because of the freedom of marriage recognition and support of the country, the wind of double suicide have vanished gradually, is also the original style and features of the naxi people.Not forgotten, however, is that a love marriage tragedy by one of tragic heroic naxi history.

Naxi people's diet

The naxi three meals a day.Usually eat steamed bread or water stewing BaBa breakfast, lunch and supper is relatively abundant, usually have a different cooking and pickles, soup, etc., especially like eating beef soup pot and sod of the hui nationality.Both plain and mountainous area, there are kinds of vegetables, four YingShi, mountainous area of potato, rutabaga melons and beans, and made all kinds of flavor dishes with local products.Such as steamed duck Chinese caterpillar fungus, fritillaria, chicken, day MaJi, etc.The naxi traditional dish songrong, "wine" is made of tricholoma matsutake bonnet, into the meat mud, steamed as a special dish for the sacrifice, especially ancestor worship.

Most give priority to with pork meat, pork bacon, especially in lijiang and yongning pipa pig is the most famous, you can save for years to more than ten years without deterioration.To carry out labor wheat flour BaBa or zanba temple.When dining at the table and sit, xi moved to xiangyang dinner in winter.

Typical food mainly has: lijiang ham BaBa, hemp, snow lotus herb platter, beautiful spring copper pot etc.

The naxi festivals

Section three is one of the largest traditional festival, the naxi held on the eighth day of the 2nd lunar month.During the festival, the naxi men and women, old and young tread on YouChun flowers, the young man ride a horse, to dial the flag, the silver dollar is picked up horse racing, the winner, the destinations for the girls.After dinner, people gather around the campfire, sing and naxi girl jumped up the cheerful "mile".

Torch festival is yi, bai, naxi, jino, lahu national ancient and important traditional festival, torch festival has a deep connotation of folk culture, renowned at home and abroad, known as the "Oriental carnival".

While "on the tools will be", "dragon king temple fair in March", "July lies fair", etc.