Some proposals ofCustoms and habitsDongxiang holiday information and clothing characteristics

Profile of dongxiang nationality

Some proposals for live in a state (now linxia area, gansu province) named dongxiang area.The nationality, "sa er tower" (Sarta).Fusion; Isaac's people is given priority to, the local hui, han, Mongolian, and gradually formed.Sa's original meaning is "merchants", specify the faith of Islam in central Asia area all kinds of people, mainly include the turks and persians, collectively known as semu.Once the resource and formation of dongxiang, views are divided.Mainly including Mongolia, said as early as in late Ming dynasty period, dongxiang people took an active part in the stab to the peasant uprising led by Britain, guo-dong ding.Because of the special environment for the formation of dongxiang formed, its social structure is the social system.Dongxiang language belong to the altaic Mongolian languages, some proposals of vocabulary, Chinese loanwords is more, there are many turkic, Arab and Persian loanwords.Some proposals to date only their native language without words, now is using Chinese, most of people know Chinese.

Before the founding of the People's Republic of China has been called "dongxiang and", "dongxiang Mongolian", "dongxiang natives", etc.Are mainly distributed in linxia hui autonomous prefecture dongxiang autonomous county in gansu province, a few scattered in lanzhou city, gansu province and hirokawa, and zheng, huining, yumen and other counties and cities and yili prefecture in xinjiang, ningxia, qinghai province also has a small amount of settlement.Based on the 2010 sixth national population census, dongxiang population of 515000.Mainly engaged in agriculture, the good kind of melons and fruits.Use the dongxiang language, belongs to the altaic Mongolian language.Most people speak Chinese.No words, this nation provinces.Dongxiang, salar and preservation, closely associated with the hui nationality in yuan Ming three quarter of 700 years.Hereby are the Uighur descent, turkic, a turkic people;By faith in primitive religion and lamaism, classified as the mongols.But as a result of the development of modern language, formed by language examples of nation.

Dongxiang is 14 century by the fusion of many different ethnic groups live in dongxiang.Constitute the main components of the kalama source, is the religion of Islam semu and mongols.Since the 13th century, cross river area is the mongols, including semu and mongolians, stationed, wasteland.13 century, town on shaanxi, gansu, ningxia and other places of the yuan dynasty anxi difficult a convert to Islam, o king from its subordinate Mongolian most.Islamic semu also together in the northwest region.14 century, cut die, anxi difficult o king and queen "to zhen's engineer a coup, such as drainage was killed, but its influence is still very strong.His son had joint islamic people rebelled, as the yuan dynasty government repression, to a subordinate to escape.Remote block the traffic inconvenience, dongxiang, o becomes difficult under islamic semu, one of the Mongolian people retreat.They are here to live with the local han, Tibetan and other long-term, marriage, each other gradually merged into some proposals.

Some proposals for the source, there are different.There are mainly two: say genghis khan in 1226) western xia, enemy cross river, about, will be part of the mongols stay here, after these people enter the dongxiang, some proposals to form;Said the western expedition, genghis khan from central Asia, Persia captured a large number of craftsmen, some were placed in east township, forming some proposals for later.Some proposals and idea that comes from only.But some proposals about the source and formation of problems, most scholars hold a view.

Dongxiang eating habits

Dongxiang people's basic diet, with wheat, barley, corn and beans, potato (potato) is the staple food.Usually people pasta types are: "the steamed bread, noodles, incense, etc.The most famous "pull up the" (" ramen "or" noodles "), Fried incense, "chicken essential Eva" and hand grasping mutton such as diet important food for the guests.Among them eat chicken "essential Eva" is very exquisite, the whole chicken, each part is divided into 13 level "cocktail" the most precious, generally to the seat of the elders or honored guests to eat.

Some proposals on the dietHave a mealFood and food, every family has a small stone mill.Dongxiang daily meals and carrots chips.Yams can when food, but also when the rice.Boil, burn, roasted, Fried, especially in winter and spring season 2.Dongxiang also pleased the highland barley flour, barley flour, "pan collapse" or "Joan pan buns" as a staple food.

Dongxiang hospitality to chicken hospitality is dongxiang people's traditional etiquette.Dongxiang people eating chicken on the banquet is very exquisite, usually put chicken parts is divided into 13 levels, according to the seniority eat parts of the corresponding level.In 13 parts, chicken (chicken tail) is the most honourable, usually only at host and older people are eligible to enjoy.

Dongxiang making "stack" sheep meat, unique, complete sheep are generally clear water, steam pan "standeth upon", slaughtering stack are sheep eat standeth upon some proposals to improve the life of a form of local proverb says: "first than standeth upon later meat".Some proposals are also good at the stack made clear soup mutton lamb, delicious, nutritious, for young and old.

Dongxiang people like ziyang tea and fine maojian tea tea, generally every meal without tea, most use tureen tea, also useful little teapot.Tureen which is also called "three fort", that is, is made up of tea cover, bowl and chassis.

The characteristics of the dongxiang diet

"MaiSuo" is dongxiang flavor food, will have not yet fully mature highland barley or barley, picked steamed, with a small stone mill grinding head size of the plume, made chopsticks stir in garlic, soon, eat, unique local characteristics, is the dongxiang people: precious food.Sometimes also indicated in incense, hand grasping mutton, chicken, etc.

Rehoboam "porridge" is a kind of special delicious meat porridge, and the flesh of the hui people love to eat oil rice is similar, the practice is that, in the broth into the wheat, highland barley, broad beans, lentils, corn and shredded meat, cooked into a paste into namely, delicious, if again bubble on the incense, some proposals is food.

Some proposals of marriage customs

Dongxiang wedding because of the influence of Islam, basically decided by their parents, young men and women can not findfacesTalk, mostly through the matchmaker relay messages.Generally by the man please matchmaker to the bride's side first act as matchmaker, after the woman answered, a man will do greet send "book of tea".After formal engagement formalities, namely send dowry.Then, by the man and his father, uncles, matchmaker, accompany with the bride to the bride's side.The dowry is divided into two kinds: one kind is tea, brown sugar, cakes, etc., one is the clothes by the matchmaker negotiate in advance, cash and eardrop, bracelet, etc.The practice of giving steamed buns and engagement dongxiang some mountains.Groom will then take the wheat into flour steamed buns, each about 1 kg, the top in advance with turmeric, a little cut with the knife, steamed, white steamed bread top like a chrysanthemum, in-laws good harvest next year.

The wedding day, the groom and wed team came to the family.Imam please readTo get marriedTestimony.Such a marriage to be admitted by the society.Imam as one said don't want to, will not be forced to read "monica", marriage is invalid.The door to the groom, the bride will hold by seeing the bridegroom off brother under the carriage into the yard.Family and friends gather together to sing "harry," congratulations.Guests a person take the lead in "harry potter", the people and, and according to the taps high-five or arms and legs bent into riding posture, around in circles.Impromptu composed by guests and most content for the handsome groom and the bride is beautiful, conjugal love, never to be parted compliments, etc.Climax during the ceremony, the people also XiXueXing to wipe the groom's father and uncles elders face pot black, wear sheepskin coat, tied with the bell, head caps, hands and feet symbolically tied up, or to ride a donkey "appearance", known as "play my father-in-law."

Dongxiang has many interesting wedding customs, such as wedding night teasing the newlyweds to hit the pillow.Wedding night, grandkids bounce boys holding a pillow already prepared, the kang Angle on the veil of the bride hit, the bride's girlfriends, guard line of defense, will spend over the pillow against the hit in the past, laughter call, very lively scene.Then, peel off girlfriends bridal veil "appearance" to all people, and open the luggage, show your precious dowry.Now that night, the groom and the bride entered the wedding dreams.

Dinner the next day, the bride should cook long roll surface, called "knife", groom the neighborhood, please the old man to appreciate the bride not craft.

Some proposals of important festivals

Dongxiang people have a holiday every month, every year rotation from month to month, 12 months of the year, 36 years cycle once a month.This and religious faith has a close relationship.Some proposals of the big four holiday eid al-fitr, feast of eid al-adha,, o la section, originate from Islam.

Hari raya

Islam each year in September is the month of fast, September so called Ramadan.Ramadan, muslims don't drink don't eat during the day, are not allowed to say foul language, eating at night, referred to as the "cause".By Obama on 1 October, celebrations, called eid al-fitr, or "section," said.Eid day, men in addition to the mosque to their, still in the early morning on the table I "(graveyard) prayed to chant buddhist scripture, mourn the deceased.Neighborhood mutual do "two eyes" the door, greet each other.Women are good at home Fried oil incense, naked, sanzi distribution, extend holiday greetings greeting each other, so celebrated for three days, very grand.gul

Eid al-adha

Fellow villager called "also", "also" dongxiang meaning refers to the meaning of the festival.This festival, usually 72 days after the eid al-fitr.Those who have ability to slaughter, and there are economic conditions permit, eid al-adha, every family to slaughter of cattle and sheep to celebrate the occasion.The slaughtered beef and mutton, or please ZhongXiangQin meals at home, or to a mosque and each neighborhood friends and relatives.Gul barney has slaughtered lamb, forbid to enjoy exclusive;Even the door of a beggar, should also be equally, let him eat food, incense, take a meat.Eid al-adha will slaughter a sheep, a story from the Koran, the prophet in accordance with the mo ibrahim old childless, struggling to pray for Allah give son, indeed should, named Mr Ma Yi.But according to mo ibrahim dreamt that Allah motioned him to sacrifice in return, we wake up to, in accordance with the mo ibrahim sacrifice, with son moved by his loyalty, Allah will give sheep give thy son, this is the origin of eid al-adha.Islamic believers have the holiday is to show to respectfully obey Allah, follow by mo ibrahim, give priority to dedicate everything at any time.Dongxiang people on eid al-adha, regardless of wealth and rank, sitting together dinner, according to the national harmonious unity.

SAN ji section

Festival commemorate the birth of Mohammed and died, in Iraq through March 12 or 13, held by one day (birth day and died).A SAN ji section of memorial is normally held various forms of home will, recitation of the Koran.A bible generally slaughtered sheep, chicken slaughter, people eat meals.Some people gathered in the mosque, gongbei, others in his own house.Keep pull: the word "pull" o is Arabic transliteration, meaning province "10" namely Islam each year on January 10, according to legend, Allah god on this day the human ancestor Dan and oh wow;Dan and oh wow spread after some years, on this day to meet.Most of the dongxiang people also attaches great importance to keep pull in.Keep in dongxiang, o la mainly women and children are the party and the festival every year by every housewife who in turn.In a village, women who return home to eat the head of a dog than the tail of a lion, it's her turn less, the rest of the families out only a few wheat and oil.Men read classics, after prayer, a simple eat and went away.The remaining women and children, ate and said, laughing.Some proposals for women, "o keep pull" and the moral of food festival, have of that year's grain harvest, the best wishes of good harvest, this has nothing to do with religion.

The food festival

Some proposals of the traditional religious holiday, namely the mouloud-birth of Islam, held on March 11 lunar calendar.Dongxiang mouloud-birth is women's and children's festival, when every housewife hosted by turns.According to the ancient rules, men only after a simple prayer ceremony to go away.Rehoboam festival to eat a kind of dongxiang language called "weak" meat porridge, combine a wish for good harvest that year.

The religious beliefs of some proposals

Dongxiang islamic faith.Dongxiang ethnic origin main body -- the semu people of yuan dynasty western religion of Islam.In the 13th century, dongxiang and other regions has become China's islamic oratory education center.So far in dongxiang autonomous county and some Muslim sages lu tomb.The early 18th century, Islam gradually become dongxiang common religious beliefs.Before liberation, some proposals of islamic sect and the "orders" system is very complex."Islam menhuan" refers to the sect of the faction, also called "logos" or "gongbei".Dongxiang area has two sects: Hector varney bottom mesh with Iraq.Or the old teaching and protestant.There are four door the old teaching order.Protestants do not set the "orders" system, and claims to restore the orthodox faith of Islam, widely supported and support.At the beginning of the 10th century, has been popular, reached the ningxia, qinghai and xinjiang provinces (area).