The kelaoCustoms and habitsKelao holiday information and clothing characteristics

The people (ge) guy (Lao), one of China's ethnic minorities.Has a population of 579744 people (2000 census).Guizhou province gathered kelao population 96.43%, the rest of the provinces have distribution, give priority to with mixed.Guizhou main settlements for travel kelao miao autonomous county and the true kelao miao nationality autonomous county;To set the rest of the distribution, liupanshui, zunyi and tongren, bijie, anshun, QianXiNa 4 regions, a few scattered in yunnan and guangxi.Kelao is one of the 54 national Vietnam, there are 1845 people (1999 census).

The history of kelao

Kelao people with ancient guizhou generation of current people.Began to appear in the tang and song dynasty, historical "GeLiao", "people current", "leather", and "GeLao" name, referred to as the "current".Current people may have been an ancient several ethnic minorities to collectively in this region, and kelao close relationship with a more direct."One of the earliest GeLao" can be found in the southern song dynasty written Zhu Fu creek pretty plexus laugh.Since the Ming dynasty many jiangyuan said: "GeLao, called current".Almost a year, two hundred, in the part of the kelao still retained the ancient current some customs of the people, such as women's wear skirt and tooth-digging, and SLATE as coffin burial, kelao and GuLiao people have origin relations.GuLiao people, is the western han dynasty when the yelang (mainly in now in guizhou, yunnan) one of the main body of the nation.Dynasty about 2100 years ago, current people also within the territory of yelang, plow "spirit, the family of the city together" (shi-ji biographies of southwest yi), which is a settled farming life, in the villages and towns, with long, its society is beginning in the late primitive society or the class society.In 130 BC, the han dynasty to yelang setting Jian county, in 111 and set up before the group.From then on, this area closely links with the central plains gradually.Han nationality feudal mode of production has affected the current society, and slowly to make the transition to the feudal society.The 7th century, the tang dynasty in this current people living in northern areas in guizhou, and harmony set up state and county.At this time, the productivity of current human society has developed to a quite high level.Farmers production of rice, wheat and other grain part has been sold as a commodity in the market, their "current" textile quality is very good also, became a pay tribute of feudal dynasty.

Since the tang and song dynasty to qing dynasty, kelao at the officer under the rule of feudal dynasty and the local soil, suffered oppression and exploitation.Yuan and Ming dynasties, kelao regions are mostly for the local tusi dominated.Later, here is who is established, and the fort, the chariot, and other military institutions.Ming dynasty began to "gai-tu-gui-liu policy", the qing dynasty yongzheng years, kelao region "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" was basically completed, kelao people under the rule of flow officer from now on.Sharply reduced, the late qing dynasty and the early years of the republic of China, kelao population living area rapidly shrinking, kelao settlements formed a dot distribution between other nationalities living areas, and around the kelao people around with other ethnic groups live together, through the study of influence each other each other, its life custom, diet, clothing and other aspects also confronted with different degrees of change.But in guizhou QianXi, generous, such as yi's name is Ann toast, was still retained their political and economic power, until the eve of the founding of the People's Republic of China.

Kelao religious beliefs

Bodhi old zu kelao ancestor worship, FengSi pretty king;Think all things have spirit, therefore, believe in various gods.In the qing dynasty gradually XiHan vulgar, worship Buddha, Taoism and Confucianism, Taoism, and witchcraft.Each room all has a shrine, book for "emperor kiss and ZuoZhao in jose, ancient sages, guanyin, ox king, god of wealth, such as sweet.Death of the old man, "wu to do".Burn every festival to ancestors, to the site owner, early old sages "burn Fu paper letter.Vow a vow sickness in case of disaster, then, if the qingping, blessing also live.Please wizard (commonly known as "DuanGong", "Taoist") to the home "fu", "beach", or "altar" worship "temple", or "meishan", or "god of plague", or "powder fire".Believe in a supernatural power, can eliminate evil to avoid disaster, the blessing of life.Have send the worship of rock formations, ancient customs.Also believes that "burning rubber," retribution ", "" flower", "water" and "eight", "visit fortune-teller", "feng shui", "mo", "asked the hexagrams", etc.

Qing dynasty acid would be: "awake" (also called "and wen will"), in the first month, pray for a year auspicious peace."Seedlings will" (also called "grain"), in June, thank you for good harvest.Black god ", and more, in June and July.The altar "rainmakers."The sun", August for a long time the rain is not clear, affects the autumn harvest, : ci qi qing "."Butch" (also called "mountain king"), winter between lunar, set "acid" but butch, protect environment daughter, also have in March will do.

Kelao diet

Kelao areas of life, most in the yunnan-guizhou plateau to the sichuan basin slope zone, where the terrain is complex, the damp climate;Kelao people's economic life is given priority to with agriculture, mountain planting corn, ground rice, therefore, the two also kelao people the main food crops.Three meals a solar eclipse, the busy farming season in eating two meals, meal, there are "premature", "rest make stopping (law)", "snack" and other customs.Give priority to with pork meat, chicken, duck, mutton, most people don't eat dog meat and dead poultry carcasses.Eat sour and spicy food, have "three days do not eat sour, people who want to salvage" place.Zi ba and close the ancestor spirits offerings, and also for the hospitality and food festival.Glutinous rice samples is essential to kelao festivals and food.aThe Spring Festival, every family want to use one or a few litres of glutinous rice into one big BaBa, on a pan or the wood disc, to worship ancestors, and three days after edible.QianXi kelao also use black bean leaf (flat bamboo leaves) on BaBa, said ancestral land clearing to grass grass of standard;Guangxi kelao and add ZongBa and sweet potatoes in the offering of the New Year's eve.In DuanYangJie,The double ninth festivalAnd all the other festivals, all want to entertain guests, but both BaBa to do.

Kelao people used to put flour on steamed in a bamboo steamer, known as the corn rice;This is kelao staple food on the table all the year round, if there is a people come in holidays or rimmon, and they were coupled with equal rice steamed corn flour, referred to as the "hybrid rice".

In order to remove tidal heating, kelao at every meal without a pot of hot pepper soup;Kelao pepper has a variety of ways, such as pepper porridge, mould tofu chili peppers, beans and so on, however, they are the most popular is bone and bone powder and pepper processing pickled chilli.Kelao people love drinking brewed.First year of sip wine, in order to make up valley, sorghum, maize, millet, barley as raw material, such as storage places seal after fermentation, preset bamboo tubes, including tube suck.After much wine, liquor.Liqueur is commonly known as "cool", made from glutinous rice or corn, millet, usually for boiled dumplings,eggsDrink, or in cold water.Wine also called firewater, made from corn or sorghum, its strong taste, common banquet hospitality and necessary.Man is fond of smoking on (also called sun cured tobacco leaf), also has its share of middle-aged and old women take sun cured tobacco leaf, smoking among young people is increasing.Tea, camellia tea noted.Green tea multi-purpose eagle tea, rattan tea, tea house, or bitter butyl tea drink.Camellia to add water to boil after tea oil Fried, will be dry, use wood ladle back repeatedly rub into slurry, called "tea", add oil Fried soup, add water to a boil, add salt, with sesame seeds, walnuts, pepper seasoning, can drink.Can BaBa, dumplings, Fried, melon seeds, such as eaten, can also be boiled "camellia egg", "camellia dumplings", "camellia porridge", etc. In most places the letter guy are in the habit of "eat camellia", and as a hospitality market, some three square meals a solar eclipse, or depressed.Living in the old city, the prosperity of guy does not have a "eat camellia" more custom.

Feast with crisp clasp, yesterday (also called burning white) give priority to food, meat and side slip (also called crisp meat), vermicelli, chrysanthemum, black fungus, bean manufactured goods such as gather full "eight bowl" or "10 big bowl", commonly known as "water table".Affection of procedure, to unrequited, food, warm YouFeng.Big bottles, three popular bridge area "three", namely the feast three eat, wine first time tea after a meal, or tea first time drink and food.Camellia with cakes, candy, dried fruit, sunflower, wine with hors d 'oeuvres hyped rice steaming bowl of soup.Reclined at the table for each table 10 people (seat up and down the 2 people, each table 3), the old city, PAM creek, courtyard creek area per table 12 people, 8 people per table from the county seat.

Specialty food

Differential:

In some parts of kelao people like to eat camellia.Heating method is to use lard oil in a wok, stir in eggs, meat, and then watered, put some salt and sugar to boil, to make drinks, with corn flowers, flowers, cake, sesame cake, peanut, glutinous rice samples, the dry, scale suitable, for use in hospitality.

Lily:"Pork" lily is taste unique culinary kelao area.For sichuan lily powder, processing fine, loose powder, smooth, tasty.

For sichuan beef jerky:

Ethnic flavor, color brown, taste delicious, because here the mountains more tender meat, for sichuan beef jerky sold in guangxi, guangdong, hunan, zhejiang, fujian and other provinces.

Is the old gray tofu fruit:

Made from soy bean curd, tung shell of a copy of the ash, plant ash leaf ash, qiao son stalk ash etc, refined processed with traditional methods.Grey cotton crispy texture, color, delicious and tasty.

Kelao national holiday

Kelao are widely distributed in guizhou, especially in guizhou, suck counties all have different Numbers of distribution, language, customs, the difference is bigger also, but PuRen kelao originate from ancient times.The customs have consistent similarity.Below, you can said it successively kelao holiday: (according to the lunar calendar time)

Annual: generally the fourteenth, main activity, cutting board meat,graveTo worship our ancestors (rice), to sacrifice to four the officer, the seedlings of land.Night into day, chasing a bug ants, chasing a bright fire, the second day (the 15th) in the morning, in the morning jing tea, silver water, eat dumplings, rice.Annual lamp.

Some birthday festival: mountain king bodhisattva, kelao sacrifice for votive mountain king.

The qingming festival: hang with ancestral graves.

DuanYangJie: general fifth, eat dumplings.Ancestor worship.

Second: general on July 14, cut new valley changxin as tribute, and ancestor worship.

The mid autumn festival, kelao is an ancient ethnic in China, as early as the tang and song dynasty recorded in history books.The most solemn and impressive and traditional festival of the kelao is the mid autumn festival (August 15 to 20).Before the festival, the whole family, old and young, to put on new clothes, ground level ground of the stockade.Several young people took a head wearing a large red cow, "old", the elder in the village began to pray, pray for good harvest.Band played "the eight immortals" song, singing at the same time powder gun,Set off firecrackers.Then kill cattle, cut cattle heart, each a, said the whole family together.Then, "old" also leads the holding pig, old chicken, goose dishes that look, the bodhisattva sacrifice under the tree.To rise, the whole family gathered to dine together, until dark.The next day, after the family held a family dinner, women together and giving back;Member of the men of street, singing, chat.It is said that the young men and women of the song and dance activities continue to the last day of the festival.

The double ninth festival: August 15, zi ba, relatives zi ba (send).

Off-year: general December 30, the main activities are, cutting meat, the grave, ancestor worship (rice), four magistrate evening sacrifice, the seedlings of land.The second day morning, static tea, silver water, eat dumplings, rice.Off-year on fire.

The Chinese New Year

The earliest GeLao people according to the laws of the crop in October for festival, jiajing "guizhou figure sutra, GeLao" at every years old for the autumn harvest BiRi ".Qing "anshun government record", GeLao "at" in October.Since the qing dynasty, kelao people gradually imitation of han Chinese lunar month of 30 to homonym for the Chinese New Year, the original customs gradually as the beginning of October.

Festival period over backwards, and draw some han Chinese etiquette, the Chinese New Year tradition but GeLao years there are still many left.Kelao around New Year's day, want to make glutinous rice samples for them.Glutinous rice samples have big and small, have more with less quantity.Each village, surname, even in the same village collective and individual respectively for two, but with more families respectively.

New Year's eve, families with hearty dishes, JiuFan display on the shrine of the main square table, burning incense paper offer clear after fathers, the whole family together and eat family reunion dinner.

GeLao section

Kelao want a two year festival, one is the Spring Festival, the other is a GeLao years, GeLao year in lunar calendar March 3.Time and customs of the Spring Festival is roughly the same as the han nationality, but has special content "tree"."Tree" is also known as "the tree" or "worship tree", originated in kelao belief all things have spirit worship of ancient tree (tree).Guangxi longlin county kelao, at noon on the day of the first lunar month 14, various prepared rice wine, pork, fish, sticky rice and other offerings, with a red paper firecrackers, with friends, meet up the mountain worship tree.See tree after first sound of firecrackers, and then select the tall, thick trees burn incense and worship.Thanks to finish "feed" offerings to the tree: a person holding the knife cut in the bark of three slits, another "feed" some meat rice wine in blade, finally sealed the incision with red paper, to weeding ridging tree."Hello" food according to different trees, different words to answer.As for fruit trees, say: "feed your meal, knot clusters;Feed your meat, "tuo tuo", said wish fruitful."Hello" tree, people gather feasts.Some parts of the lunar August 15 is carrying the bovine heart and a new rice visit a village by making "bodhisattva" trees, QiZhu good harvest.

Eat worms section

And every year the lunar June 2, is kelao "eat insects festival".On this day, every table put by a few dish of other flavors - Fried grasshoppers, pickled sour Fried grasshoppers, sweet chrysalis, burning fire aphid m loach, etc.

There are also some areas called "the tree" "the mountain", because kelao generations living in the mountains, love the mountains, respect is completely understandable."The mountain" the specific object is a village near lush tall old tree, it is the embodiment of the tenacious vitality.Sacrifice, for the unit with the village only adult male.In addition to the sacrifice, the wizard to sing folk song "offering pray the god bless village of peace, good harvest, people and prosperity.

Eat a new section

Kelao lunar calendar July a new harvest is about to mature valley, kelao then select a day to eat new (also called changxin as tribute), ancestor worship, thank for the kindness of ancestors, good bless the coming year.Sacrifice on the same day, the housewives have to the field to pick a new food, ready to worship our ancestors.Some areas still kill chickensKill pig, or even kill cattle worship, kill the horse.Eat new day picking of the new food for the jino young eat new festival is held in August millet matures.Holiday in the morning, and to the field to pick a new grain, vegetables, and kill the goose that sacrifice.Steamed food pay attention to watch ZengZi up steam in the direction: from the east up that promises more children,Come up to signal from the south harvest;Good hunting, be it emitted symbols from the west;From the north is ominous.After the food cooked, presided over by the parents, god worship village blacksmith, which god the gods.Legend keno people only eat potato and vegetables, is their dogs to a grain of seed, they planted it, but that is not much, then a white-haired old man passed on to their knowledge of the kind of millet, and so they reap the full new meters, from then on they just had the tradition of hanis living.

Worship finches section

"Birds" is the national totem, kelao annual lunar month the new moon is a traditional kelao worship finches festival festival, sacrificial ceremony, such as traditional folk art performances.For inheriting intangible cultural heritage protection and kelao national culture, held on this day in 2010 on yao yao kelao respect finches on festival."Respect finches festival is GeLao ancestors has been passed down from generation to worship god worship of birds comprehensive folk custom activity, the children pray for kelao people developed, prosper, a ritual activities of good harvest.According to yao on representing the genealogy records, worship finches section at least 300 years of history, "respect finches festival" sparrow "as the core, including the worship sparrow, preserve the ecological environment of residential buildings and dynamic content of folk culture.

Worship finches, kelao compatriots to visitors to show the charm of content: a road section finches sacrifice, sing, worship road wine, performing trombone suona, GeLao Mao Long, GeLao marriage customs, folk song singing, yao good impression.On pit, cattle, poles, broken wrist, and arrived in tooth strength, catch chickens and other unique characteristics of the rural folk sports activities.

Mountain section

The lunar march, hills, sunny, spring rain, happy and harmonious ChunYan return, all things recovery, is the crucial moment of the spring production, kelao consecration of the mountain.The mountain general grade in March, and there are first Yin or the third day in March.The mountain village as the unit of their respective organizations.Takes only one name, the mountains shall be presided over by the eldest branch hereditary;More surname clans of the stockade, then take turns to host, each year by the number of common duty, cast the way to determine the duty, the host face scared tree, sacrifice, respectfully call of gods to enjoy sacrifices, and pray the god to bless QuanZhai clean peace, the grain harvest, animals thrive, man will yak rake, woman will be spinning weaving, to have more children.

Making the hillside was GeLao people as sacred, is love, no horses and cattle to trample, people may not cut down the trees on the hill, and not the mountains cutting wood cut the grass at random, objectively have played a role in afforestation.

Rob and the

Zunyi county and services ChuanDao really kelao GeLao person in miao autonomous county, has the custom of "steal" feeling.

Spring on the first day of the lunar "spring", families clean the house, the water to pick, and firecrackers are ready."Spring" on the day, not to wash clothes, washing clothes think will make water dirty, don't sweep the floor, not water."Rob feeling" is the unmarried man or a woman in the home.Several unmarried men or women, such as home that is assigned by the parents of both honest, capable, and witty, brave man as;If no unmarried men and women in the home, borrowed from relatives or neighbors a and on the first night please go to live in the home.

Chicken first round, "and the" people get up quietly and water jacket tool dark moved nearer the edge, don't make any noise, nor, shaking or think will disturb "feeling".Then spoon gently with the bowl of water, generally having twelve bowl (leap month having 13 bowl).Scoop after he opened his mouth to cry out: "rob water!"Starting then lit firecrackers, the shock of the stockade, whose firecrackers ring first, means the snatching "TouShui", the doll is hard-working.People have to well or spring carry water, on the way home and shouted "feeling to my house to my house..."Returned home immediately boil water, boil" feeling ".Then burn a pot of tea for the family after getting up, each drink a cup of "feeling" sweet tea, scented tea to drink a cup of honey m, eat yuanxiao, wish the whole family peace.

Liuhe feast

"Liuhe", refers to the "unity, tolerance, tolerance, honesty, and worshipping, good," and this is GeLao ancestors and GeLao person's code of conduct and code of ethics, is the most typical GeLao culture spirit depend on.

So, in honour of the ancients forest GeLao chopping grass, proponents of "harmony", and "seven rules" (benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, loyalty, filial piety, respect, let), festival or at the end of each year, people would take out their best food, gathered in the village of ancestral temple dou wine bucket, to renew a year a year of hard work, the celebration of harvest joy, this is the "liuhe feast" kelao until now.

Wedding etiquette

Kelao girl married before transplanting started the "crying marriage".Wed when the bridegroom is not close to meet, but in the wedding day before send the bearers to the bride's side before dark.Into the door, the woman is hosting the sandbar-dotted ritual, toast will do, put a blanket, expecting suave, each program has a tradition of resalute word, must sing must accord with the rules, or to laugh.Girl married sedan carried into a room first, when the bride's brother or uncle will "pull" back room, bride to fathers parents kowtow, then "strongly held" into the car, reluctant to bride's family said.Family sedan chair carried out outside the village, only to the man bearers.A car before two people hold sword open circuit, sedan, flanked by flags and blue umbrella around shooting way singing, banging away, very lively.To the groom's family after meeting the bride, bride to grooming, then to the village in the spacious place to let everybody appreciation, joke, in order to establish friendly feelings and villagers.

In northwestern guizhou kelao, wedding is more interesting.Groom riding to set out, there are 4 with the best man, two people carried the bamboo broom, and the other 2 people carried wine gift.There was the woman sent several strong man road "robbery", to "seize" a wine meat to eat on the hillside, said the wife's family is rich, not rare you this gift.The groom in her village gate, a group of people of wood around the "play" the groom, the man of a bamboo broom to protect to break.The groom run into her house, "worship pro wine" serve immediately, and the bride and groom also to propose a toast to each other.Toast, the bridegroom to the bride "hold" on horseback, the groom holds rein the way.

Grand wedding banquet points two or three, namely to eat two or three consecutive different seats.The first is a tea table, eat tea, Fried food and dry fields.The second stage is a banquet, drink white wine, eat all kinds of salad platter.The third stage is positive, in addition to will have two bowls of braised pork, also have various ethnic cooked.

In the wedding banquet, kelao still use to suck up wine to entertain guests.Suck up wine is whose good and sealing at outside wood ash mixed with the yellow plug in two bamboo poles, the altar of a bending has been, bamboo is not completely through.When drinking through bamboo, straight pipe inlet, bend suck up smoking and drinking, drinking from time to tome special singer sing the song "play", make the guest feel a warm.