The daiCustoms and habitsThe dai nationality festival information and characteristics of the clothing

The dai is the result of the Yangtze river shelter-forest region and the yunnan-guizhou plateau area PuRen, around A.D. after absorbed a large number of the people and the culture, the embryonic form of modern dai.

At least in the eighth century b.c., the dai nationality ancients PuRen has been widely distributed around the Yu Yungui plateau, to around the fifth century BC, has been formed yelang, light (by) and so on several big tribe union state.

In the 3rd century BC, lingnan area, the more people, the south yue emperor qin shi huang have oppression, gradually along the pearl river water system, water system of the red river into yunnan-guizhou plateau, gradually into PuRen PuRen absorbed a large number of the people and the culture, the embryonic form of modern dai.

The religion of the dai nationality

Dai upper general belief in southern Buddhism, but there are also some areas of the dai nationality primitive religious worship and faithThe Hindu.The Irrawaddy river, nujiang river - the salween river, the lancang - Mekong river basin area dai national minority people affected by the upper southern buddhist culture more deeply, southern upper mountain Buddhism commonly, there are also some quite closed place still primitive worship religious beliefs;The honghe river, jinsha river valley area dai national minority mainly affected by central plains of the han nationality culture, but the basic keep the dai national minority's oldest primitive religious worship;The yarlung zangbo river, Brahmaputra river basin area of the dai national minority mainly influenced by Hindu culture, most of the Hindu and primitive religious worship.

Main beliefs of the dai nationality in China southern theravada Buddhism and primitive religious worship.Xishuangbanna, pu 'er, lincang, baoshan, dehong dai in southern upper buddhist faith is given priority to, also and primitive religious worship;Lijiang, Dali, chuxiong, yuxi, honghe, wenshan, dai is given priority to with primitive worship religious beliefs, and advocating Confucianism culture.

Faith southern upper dai Buddhism, over 60 will be ordained practice, not to kill, to three months each year "sand" (closed), to the buddhist temple housing, chanting 赕佛, until death.

In xishuangbanna, pu and other places, the dai man all want to become a monk for a period of time, in the buddhist temple dai wen, the dharma, astronomy geography knowledge.In these places only into the temple as a monk, just calculate have enlightenment.Therefore, only when a monk man, to get the girl's favor.Well-to-do7)The little boySeven, eight annual revenues buddhist temple, three, five years later secularization.They wear new escorted by family members, banging away, into the buddhist temple in all laughter, he proudly think already got the Buddha's asylum, can grow up to become useful.Then they shaved off the hair, and wearing robes, began to read books quietly, learning culture, self-reliance.Nowadays, because of nine-year compulsory education, the little boys during the dayGo to schoolThe school to learn Chinese and other scientific knowledge, in the evening in the dai buddhist learning culture, very hard.Also some people finish high school, a job after graduating from university, and then a week or a month off, into the temple to study.Returned home is still "Kang Lang", namely the secularization of the monks.

Dehong, baoshan, lincang, dai is not into the temple, a monk and secularization of common situations.

The dai ethnic festivals

Water-sprinkling festival

Is the dai national minority richest nationality characteristic holiday.Feasts in dai calendar in June, is equivalent to the Gregorian calendar in April (dehong water-sprinkling festival every year on April 11-12).Water-sprinkling festival on this day people to worship Buddha, the girls there are flowers floating in water as the Buddha of welcome, then water play each other, wish each other.At first hand and a bowl of water, then with POTS and barrels, splash while song, more poured more intense, the drums, gong, splashing water, whoop.During the water-sprinkling festival, but also the acetate ship, put high, fly lights and all kinds of traditional entertainment activities such as singing and dancing party.The most of them are related to Buddhism.

The closing day

Lauguage said "depression", meaning for the summer.Time in dai calendar September 15th (in the middle of July, according to the lunar calendar), lasted for 3 months.According to legend, dai calendar in September each year, Buddha to the west and its parent lecture, 3 months to return to earth.Once, as the Buddha to buddhist paradise lecture period, Buddha and thousands of people to the countryside, people trampled the crops and delay their production, complaints from the people, the Buddha ACTS.After that, the heart uneasy.Since then, every time the Buddha to the west pennant, kept it ACTS are concentrated, stipulated in the three months are not allowed to go anywhere, only repentance, to redeem before sin.So people call it "close quarter".

Open the door section

Lauguage referred to as "the depression", meaning the summer, from the ancient buddhist habit of the rainy season.Time in dai calendar on December 15th (about in the lunar calendar in September).Symbol of the three months of the rainy season is over, remove "closing day" since the marriage between men and women avoid, from now on, young men and women can begin to free love or wedding.Holiday, young men and women dressed in costumes to buddhist temple worshipping Buddha, with food, flowers, wax, COINS laid.Worship, held a grand cultural rally to celebrate from the close quarter since the end of Ramadan.Main contents are setting off a spark and promotion and point kongmin light, singing and dancing.Youth will also dance with all kinds of birds, animals, fish, insects in the shape of the lantern around villages.At this time, asriceAfter harvest, so is also a harvest festival.

Dai people's eating habits

Dai banquet

Most of the dai nationality have the habit of eclipse two meals, with rice and glutinous rice is the staple food.Dehong dai staple japonica rice, xishuangbanna dai is the staple food of glutinous rice.Is usually ground to eat now now, folk think: only now eat now ground, japonica rice and glutinous rice to does not lose its original color and fragrance, and therefore not food or rarely eat overnight meters, use hand to knead.

Workers often out in the wild, with banana leaves or the rice hesheng a mass of sticky rice, with meat, chicken, salt, chilli, acid mi (lauguage, meaning sauce), nan moss can eat.All table dishes and snacks with sour taste is given priority to, such as pea meal sour bamboo shoots, acid, acid meat and wild fruit acid;Like to eat dried sour pickled cabbage, its method is to put the dried vegetables, reoccupy boiled, add papaya juice, taste sour, then dry storage.Eat when put a few cooking or put in the soup.The sour pickled cabbage have a place to eat almost every day of the dai nationality.Dai is often feed sour dishes, is said to be due to eat glutinous rice food difficult to digest, and helps to digest the sour food.

With moss into food, is the dai national minority unique flavor dishes.Dai people eat moss is selected in the spring water moss on the rocks, it is beautiful dark green, make tore into slices, after dried, use bamboo sticks to wear.While cooking, thick oil frying, thin, roasted with fire, crisp and break into the bowl, then pour oil, then add salt, stir with glutinous rice ball or bacon dip in food, its taste.

Cooked fish, more acid or bake citronella grass carp fish, in addition to do fish chop net weight (with grilled fish beats into mud, with the coriander sauce epicenter), eel fish frozen, fire fish, white juice, etc.

eatA crabGenerally will chop crab crab shell with meat sauce with rice to eat, dai said the crab sauce for "crab nan mi".

Bitter melon is the most highest yield, edible vegetables everyday.In addition to the balsam pear, xishuangbanna is a kind of bitter bamboo shoots, therefore in the dai nationality flavor and a bitter taste, a representative of bitter food is cooked in ox bile ingredients such as cow leather cold platter.

Insect specialty

The dai national minority area damp heat, there are many different kinds of insects, with insects as raw material to produce all kinds of flavor dishes and snacks, is an important part of the food composition of the.Regular consumption of cicada, bamboo worms, insectsThe spider, water, eggs, etc.

Catching cicada is in the summer, every evening, cicada community in the grass, a cicada was dew moistened, cannot fly up, women get to pick the cicada into the bamboo basket, back into the pot after baked sauces.Cicada sauce has qingrejiedu, painful swelling of the medical role.

Dai people generally like eating eggs, regular consumption of yellow ant is a nest in the trees and take eggs, ants out first, and then take the egg, the egg size is differ, some as big as a green bean, some small as rice, white crystal, wash dried, andeggsFried food, its taste delicious can be eaten raw and cooked food, raw sauces, deli dress set of Fried with eggs, the commonly used acid fruit, bitter melon, bitter bamboo shoots and charring pepper, supplemented by wild pepper, coriander, garlic, lemongrass, flavour is dye-in-the-wood.

Drink special

The dai people drinking wine, but degree is not high, is homemade, taste sweet.Tea is a local specialty, but not spicy dai only drink tea plant.When drink only slightly to focus on fire, brew and drink with the smell of burnt food.Betel nut chewing, mix with tobacco, lime, all day long.Due to long-term chewed the lips are black, oral liquid, such as blood, people think that beauty.Burn contented industry is relatively developed, most drink meal appliances used by women.

Etiquette eat custom

Religious eat custom

The dai national minority common belief southern theravada Buddhism, many festivals related to Buddhism activities.During the water-sprinkling festival, in addition to the more bountiful food and drinks, all kinds of the dai nationality flavor snack is very much also.

And after blowing the sticky mud made of hemp brittle, etc.More important festival and close quarter (dai calendar September 15), open the door (dai calendar on December 15th), are the southern theravada buddhist festival.Xinping, including yuanjiang, ching, jin dai equallyThe Spring Festival、The Dragon Boat Festival、The Mid-Autumn festivalAnd so on, the content and activity in general with the local han, compared with the typical food dog meat soup pot, pork, salted eggs, dry rice field eel, etc.

The festival eat custom

In xishuangbanna dai, a building, QuanZhai all want to help, a new opening to new, first is a young man came up the stairs, lift the tauren, sing a song of blessing, mature man carried boxes, married women embrace bedding, the girls brings the meals and in turn, and then set my tripod in the fireplace, placed on the table, buy wine for food, sing a new song, folks to master some symbol of auspicious gift.

"GanBai conger chicken" is xishuangbanna young men and women eat rumors for love, the girl took the conger chicken to sell on the market, if the buyer is a girl's heart, the girl will take the initiative to take out the stool, let it sit beside her, through the conversation, as the two sides after, two people will end the chicken, carry the stool to mutual vomit a fall in the woods;If the buyer is not the girl's heart, girl will double the price;Such as "eat small wine" again, when engaged in men and women, a man pick the dining tables to treat the family, when the guest dispersed after man accompanied by three man and woman and the woman's three female, containing a table of rice."Eat small wine" eat three courses: the first is hot;The second way is much salt;The third way to have dessert.Hot, deep and sweet.

Both sides on the day of the wedding wedding takes place in the home, mostly in the bride's side first.Wedding banquet, the seats on the table to spread the green banana leaf, dishes with the blood of the symbol of auspicious flourishing (Bai Wang), rice cakes, and all kinds of food.Feast before the ceremony the bride and groom tied to do line, namely by the minister with a white line around the shoulder, and with two white lines are tied to the groom, the bride's wrist, symbol of purity, then by the elderly will be sticky rice knead into a triangle dipped in salt and placed in the fireplace on the tripod on the vertex of its fire after fall off naturally, symbol of love is as strong as iron.Including yuanjiang Pacific Ocean township after the bride and the groom sitting on a bench, eat four eggs mixed with sticky rice, and drink two cups of wine;The bride of the dai nationality including yuanjiang river, by the man to send each 4 root QinZhe four slices of meat, pork ribs, meatball four 4, crisp meat, then eat dinner.

Sacrifice to eat custom

Dai village club gods also consecrate himself, dai said "go to Raman", also known as a "man", is the patron saint, to sacrifice to twice a year, before ZaiYang pray for harvest, harvest for shane, after to kill cows or pigs, a head of the collective, individual tributes to consecrate club house of god, after being read the word, people eat meals.New members of the club, with chicken, wine and bacon a club of god.

Still retains the slaughtered in menghai offering Piao cattle and fish food cowhide customs.West double version of a tribal god, sacrifices must be black cattle, pig.Including yuanjiang, the new equally dai, common worship the dragon tree, the dragon, including yuanjiang river dai lunar calendar march offering dragon tree, the village red bull to kill, kill on red bull with plaster before painting decorative pattern, but also in cattle prix red green cloth.In the same month alsoKill pigOffering "providence to mother" in order to bless peace.

In the dai national minority folk, especially in some remote areas, there are still some taboos on cooking, such as: wood to burn from the roots up;Shall not be crossed from the fireplace;Which can't move on the tripod and so on.

specialty

Acid meat: the dai traditional flavor dishes, with beef after curing, and then making.Characterized by strong acid smell, can help digestion.Method is to fresh cattle meat washed rice water, cut into large add basin, add fresh pepper leaf, salt, rice, into the crock, compaction, pour into the liquor cover, with plant ash and mud and mud sealed jar, pickled for a month.Will be cut into wire, pickled good yellow beef with green garlic sprout and stir-fry until done.

Fire fish: the dai traditional homely dishes, the characteristic is fresh sweet, tender flavor.Method is to put the fish gills and internal organs, wash and will be at the end of the chopped green onion, ginger, garlic, green peppers, at the end of the green leaves at the end of the ginger, coriander, wild Chinese prickly ash at the end of the leaf, mint, dill leaves, at the end of the citronella grass, grass at the end of the fruit powder, flavours, salt, cooking wine, stir into paste, into the stomach, head to tail jackknife, reoccupy roasted tied into a cross, bread with banana leaves outside, into the wood to burn charcoal or hot ashes after cooked, remove remove banana and lemongrass, plate.

Pickled tauren: the dai traditional homely dishes.The method is to heads, feet go hair, hoof shell, chop into pieces, boneless, cut into the meat article, into the bowl with rice water for 3-4 hours, remove the switch to wash in cold water, then wild pepper leaf, red pepper powder, ginger and garlic in a beef bowl, add salt, liquor flavor, into the crock compaction, cover seal, after half month.The food can be steamed, Fried, is cold dishes, wine aroma, spicy cool and refreshing crisp acid.

Tamarind: winter and spring season two, clear sky, clear air, wind into the xishuangbanna dai village, is easy to see a local favourite fruit trees - acid Angle, it, and his rough tree trunk, branches and leaves the pond, the branches hung with strings, a curved hook pods DuLu brown.Tamarind bean is also called the acid, tamarind, Luo Huang, plum (hainan), "wood Abraham" (these), sweet candy, hemogram, into wood tamarind genera tropical and subtropical evergreen trees, the acid Angle only 1 species, there are two types: sweet and sour.Tamarind like hot climate, the annual average temperature of 18 oc - 24 oc, 500-1200 mm annual rainfall area can be normal growth.