Li'sCustoms and habitsLi festival information and characteristics of the clothing

Li li is the national language, belongs to the sino-tibetan zhuang dong language in Lebanon, different dialects in different areas.In areas close to the han nationality and ethnic intermingled, li people can generally speak Chinese (referred to as the hainan dialect), such as the miao, li language also absorbed a lot of Chinese vocabulary, especially after the liberation of absorption related to politics, economy, culture means the various aspects of new vocabulary.Li no native words, after the founding of the general Chinese gradually.Was created in 1957 in the form of the Latin alphabet wild man.

Li's important festivals

Li monogamous patriarchal family, children as an adult that live in the outside of the monk's apartment.His wife once settled in her hunsband's family after marriage, husband and wife separation with parents don't cook.Before the founding of the early marriage, is up to parents, but before marriage freedom to fall in love.Popular after marriage don't fell upon her (the bride returns home after marriage live in one, two or even seven, eight years later, before settling in-laws) customs.Born out of wedlock without discrimination.Divorce and widow remarry more freedom.

Li women beam bun in brain after, inserted on the hedgehog hair or hair made of metal, bone, wearing embroidered scarf, jacket double-breasted coat without clasp, is cyan, under wear with pleated silk embroideries pattern of the skirt, dress up when wear necklaces, bracelets, bracelet, earrings, etc., in some places women earrings and more heavy, drooping ears to shoulder, history says "during the ear".Parts of ancient residents still referred to as the "eagle" the article, the tattoo custom, especially women have tattoo customs, generally from the age of 12 to premarital are completed, the individual has completed after marriage.Tattoo tool is pricker, small bamboo sticks and plant dyes.Tattoo parts is mainly the place such as the face, neck, chest and limbs.Different regions, tattoo pattern difference is very big.This custom has been largely disappeared, only to see in the remote areas.Mane around the head man, the jacket without collar mandarin, both before and after wearing cloth hanging under the eaves.These clothes are for cotton, linen material, the spinning from weaving since the dye from sewing.Diet is simple, with rice, sweet potatoes, corn is the staple food, more than for hunting and gathering the fusi, only a small amount of vegetables, and introduced from han area.Women love to chew betel nut.Housing for more gold glyph hut, mud paste bamboo hawker for wall.Still in the baisha county in remote mountains and mu area roof awning, overhead the boat house from the ground floor.

The 3rd love story

Li march three (lunar March 3) is the hainan li people's biggest traditional folk festival, is also li the good old days of youth, is also called the plot, talk about love, li said "fu fu" read, the third of march, the lunar calendar is the hainan li people in memory of ancestors, the industrious and brave to love happiness yearning of traditional festival.

According to the lunar calendar in March third is li people's annual event day.Venue located in open XiangJiaoLin commonly, head all day, leaves at the foot of floor carpet "leaves", deep and quiet, cool and quiet.It is no wonder that "SAN yue SAN" is a local people the freedom to choose spouse, known as "love story".Legend has it that in ancient times, live in ChangHuaJiang Banks of the li people suffered a great flood.Only a couple sitting in big gourd ladle survived, LingBian was drifting to the bird's nest.March 3,The floodRecede, they married.Male plow female weave, having children, caring, hard work, and gradually make li reproductive development.Later generations for their ancestors, every festival grand memorial.Festival men, women and children dressed in costumes, took the cakes, dumplings, boys fishing, the girls are cooking fish, and then one day the offerings for the princess and the holes of guanyin fossils.Finish, worship offering young people came to the event venue, perform rod, wrestling, archery, climbing tug-of-war, swing, etc.Night falls, the shore up bonfire, an umbrella flower boy, girls silver and shell decorations twinkling under the fire.Love song, dance, gradually into the joy is bold and unrestrained by gently lyrical.Pairs of lovers sometimes slip away fire, the young man hung his ear fluid on the girl's ear, do deer bone hair hair pin plug in on the girl's hair, the girl put myself carefully weaving colorful belt to lover her waist, the two sides pledged, meet next year festival be there or be square.For the 3rd from its origin and main content, were about marriage, so also known as the love plot.

The funeral ceremony

Different funeral ceremonies, close to han DaJiao OuDeYou stop coffin, see feng shui to fit on the custom of grave.Because of li people believe that ghosts are everywhere and can harm a person, so including the ancestor spirits all ghosts were very afraid.So mu area public cemetery of the dead was buried in the clan, with one tree coffin burial, not build tombs made a, was buried after no longer martyrs.

Li most holiday the same as the han Chinese, such asThe Spring FestivalBasically the same, the Spring Festival with the han nationality.Before the Spring Festival, every family meal, brew wine, ground lights leaf ", "(that is a kind of rice cake, and eat glutinous rice cake, the way is: add cooked sticky rice into the mortar, the mixture is deputy and elastic, then make a, knead into a palm-sized, can changxin as tribute).Lamp can be stored for a period of time, namely becomes very tenacious, knives slicing are available, and then baked or Fried, distinctive flavour.Li compatriots in some areas still pack a no meat dumplings.Alongside began to worship ancestors, New Year's eve to eat the meal, drink wine.All will keep in the home, behind closed doors at the beginning of second day to go out to visit relatives and friends, or uphill hunting, or touch the river shrimp, and hold all kinds of festival activities, with national characteristics did not come to an end until the fifteenth day of the first.Li special festival "SAN yue SAN" comes from a story of the li ancestors reproduction, on this day, young men and women to wear the beautiful national costume, a man hands you play with black umbrella, carry shanlan wine, female of portable small waist basket, towel dry glutinous rice cake, bacon, etc., to the legendary niang mother hole before our ancestors, and then eat the food together, common amusement, person at heart.After phase, both the male and the female by each other, and eat a kind of embedded Lizzie lights leaf ", "the cakes.

Are typical food, Mrs Li traditional flavor of food.In addition, "auspicious", li flavor dishes, there are two, the Chinese called "tea" and "meat tea";Glutinous rice cake.

Li form of wedding

engagement

If a congenial lads and lasses cordiality, young man must tell parents, then please two matchmaking.They are good at words, well-timed.Wearing a beautiful flower barrels skirt, wearing a new refined hat.With two new wool baotou four good betel nut to "check" the family (check test her parents's attitude toward the marriage) if the family elders eat areca, MAO is agreed, then the two sides agreed to put the seed time and negotiation.Time is due to the double day of the lunar June or August, symbol in pairs.

Put a betel nut

Matchmaking distribute betelnut see generational, to eat, little of him to eat, sometimes might want to eat areca matchmaking was packed.Feast, the family also as long as the two women (avoid widow).Only four people on the table,Have a mealTaboo when chopsticks, such as touch panel to happen.Cooking class is double tail more fish (that is, the tail of the fish), generally do not eat meat.Matchmaking sent 600 betel nut, 40 is carved form a variety of decorative pattern of color, this is designed for parents and loved ones.

To get marriedQ,

After the man raise enough money for the lunar December, sent two matchmaking pick two small altar with a pair of ducks, rice wine, eight betel nut to "ask," the family (q, including date, discuss commodity price).Normally, but also to the family from 400 to 600 yuan, the barrel skirt two sets, the ring one, more than one hundred catties a pig head, rice wine, eight places, after the groom promise to agree to choose a good day, the family decide dragon, cows, horses, sheep look more.

Marriage, yuanyang interpreta dream

Get married the day before yesterday, the man's house send someone to pick the bargaining items to the woman, the second day night be a wedding.

Send women, marry in the evening.The groom's home in the afternoon sent within the family of two young women take areca, cigarettes, candy to escort the family (should be arrived before the sun).One into the night, putting or (Cousins, putting) help married female grooming.Finished, her sister or table, flanked by Cousins married women's sorrow.Raising crying symbol for parents at the shrine.Said goodbye, and sisters to live far apart.Mixed.At this point, the brother-in-law (or don, table brother-in-law) from the cluster's sister, pull to marry, the two parties, crying loud.Brother-in-law, too hard, if more than one brother-in-law, then becomes easy.

A guest room, married women to cry while the betel nut plate, let the relatives and friends to eat areca.So there are two or four brother (tables, cousin) followed it.Be a band, tapping to the groom's village.

One to the village, the groom's best man then to brother, bow, and marry a line even three times.Married women stepped into the threshold, firecrackers rumbling sound, then meeting the bride, must wear for their wedding), general before the cock crow, after the meeting the bride, bawdy, overnight, the husband and wife can't wedding two months later, the strong strong resistance.At dawn, the relatives and friends.The banquet, about 10 o 'clock in the morning, husband and wife have to back, to greet the family parents, called "loop".

After the wedding the door on the first day, early in the morning to get up, do the first meal for family, as a hard-working, and take this opportunity to show off your talents.When the bride enters the kitchen, bridesmaids will hold sticks with the "protection", in case the lads to bottom of the black coating to the bride's face.When the boys to discredit, bridesmaids will use sticks, cold guard to the attackers to bash.Some young man, was beaten black and blue, and some girls were put into development.Since then, the both sides of happily talking about the "record" to their own.After the "battle", the bride side began to do the first meal.After dinner, then start seeing the bridegroom off.The wedding is over.

Li people's religious beliefs

Li did not form a unified religion, all parts is given priority to with ancestor worship, also has the nature worship, individual regions have residual traces of the clan totem worship.Li people do, especially the ancestors ghost, ancestor worship first li of the most important religious activities, protect family peace to ancestors.Li people to remember the deeds of reproduction li li mother, and tell the posterity, women embroidered surface, tattoo is ZuXianDing rules,A womanIf not embroidered surface, tattoo, the patriarch Joseph - after the death of ancestor worship.

Li national diet

Li people mainly live in hainan province in southern China after, is located in the subtropical, beautiful scenery, a beautiful view.

Li used to eat three meals a day, the staple food of rice, sometimes eat some grains.Habit to harvest of grain storage in warehouse, when to eat another threshing in the wood a mortar.The method of making rice the use earthenware POTS or boiled, with han Chinese dinner is approximately the same method.

Another kind is quite distinctive picnic method, which took a bamboo tube section, put into the right amount of rice and water, put in the fire roasted, open to spill out during dinner meal, this is the famous "bamboo rice".

If the outcome of the game, lean meat, mixed with sweet glutinous rice and a small amount of salt in the bamboo tube burnt incense waxy rice, but also extraordinary fragrance pubi, receive guests is Jane beauty food.

Sweet glutinous rice are a specialty of li area, with sweet glutinous rice dinner "sniff a fragrant rice cooked, hundred" praise.

Gotu kola is a kind of li compatriots often edible wild vegetables, cooked with the river fish shrimp or meat bone, is a very delicious delicacies;"Gotu kola" can also be medicinal, can anti-inflammatory detoxification."Kill" is li compatriots used to eat the meat, but produced by the "south kill" health condition is not easy to grasp, is now rarely production and consumption.

"Auspicious" is li flavor food, only in festivals or when the guest arrives to eat, have tea "fish" and "meat tea" two kinds.

Mount li family like to eat meat, whether mice, rats, mice and squirrels are prey.Every family has a mousetrap, bamboo to install scores to pay at a time, the second day can catch dozens of rat.Li people habits will catch the rat burn unhairing, remove viscera wash, put some salt, ginger and other seasoning, baked, or boiled to eat on the fire.

Li compatriots most alcohol, the drink of the wine is mostly homebrew low-alcohol rice wine, sweet potatoes and cassava wine wine, etc.Use shanlan rice wine brewing wine is known, often used as a valuable gift.Li family entertain guests often use this wine.In some places used in small bamboo tubes sucked wine to the guest.

Li compatriots like chewing betel nut at ordinary times, eat will betel nut is cut into a disc, encase with Lao ye ye, with lime putty and tobacco, in your mouth chewing, can make people drank wine, face red, refreshed.Often eat areca prevention and cure the effect of hairdressing, so li compatriots taking betel nut for longevity and health food.

Under the condition of the tropical geographical environment, li diet, has a unique style.Diet is the center of all attention every day, with the development of social productivity, the diet has been improved.Li traditional diet custom, from form to content is very rich, and form a unique food culture.

Li people's staple food is divided into the following kinds:

Rice: materials for the rice.Rice, white rice, red rice and glutinous rice.Rice production process, the triangle Shi Zao fire pot, the pot of water to a boil, according to the water meters, with a spoon stir evenly, the temperature is moderate.Rice boiled half when cover and remove the firewood oven, use charcoal heat meters stewing into delicious rice.

Second, the mountains bar rice: bar good rice quality, rich nutrition, boil rice, fragrant flavor, is a top grade rica welcome guests.

Three, bamboo rice: after soaking in the water meters, drain, five spices and salt. Mix well with lean lean, fill in the bamboo tube (use raw components or seed clouds of young bamboo bamboo production), poured some water again, use the banana plug seal.Then slowly grilled, put bamboo tube in the fire made the bamboo tube rice.Li language called bamboo rice "eyebrow".Bamboo rice fragrant delicious, people go out to travel with more bamboo rice for dinner.On festivals to make bamboo rice, too.Bamboo rice non-perishable, can save a week.Contemporary bamboo rice has become the flavor rica hotel banquet in the market.

Four, sweet potato meal: li families all kinds of sweet potato.Sweet potato rice production characteristic: the wash raw sweet potato and cut into small pieces and meters to cook first half deep into the sweet potato, to two hundred m, thirty percent sweet potato mixture cooked porridge or rice.The other is a dry sweet potatoes cut into small pieces, mixing rice boiled into porridge.Summer eat sweet potato porridge sweet delicious, cool antipyretic, have health care function.

Five, pumpkin rice: wuzhishan area, people often boiled pumpkin meals.Make pumpkin lunch, first stripped skin, remove pulp, cut the melon meat into small pieces mixed rice pot, boil congee or rice.Or glutinous rice mixed pumpkin meat, use after steamer steamed rice, use wood a mortar mixture is rotten, made pumpkin rice balls, this is a unique flavor.

Six, turmeric rice: put the turmeric pounded, take its yellow ginger boiled rice.Rice yellow, has a unique fragrance, has the effect of heat-clearing and detoxifying, darn maternal body.

More than seven, corn meal: mountain the corn in the mountain bar garden, recovery of the dried corn threshing.Put dry corn kernels in wood, adding suitable amount of water in a mortar with dustpan Yang after the corn ground into pieces to shell, keep homogeneous kernels.Can boil into corn porridge, also can be mixed into the rice rice when cooking.Corn meal nutrition is rich, is one of the rica staple food.

In addition to the above several, there are mountain potato meal, ShanGuo rice, pound of potatoes, rice, steamed stuffed bun fruit rice, head of a dog than the tail of a lion fruit rice, etc.

In li's diet structure, food category.Have seed pumpkin, bottle gourd, wax gourd, papaya, cucumber, beans, tomatoes, leeks, radish, lotus root, Chinese cabbage, vegetables, such as choi.Wild vegetables mainly black fungus, mushrooms, potato, mountain bamboo shoots, she is tender and warm, dry, BuFan, white flowers, gotu kola, etc.Meat poultry (chicken, duck, goose), livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs), etc.

Li good fishing for men and women, the man likes the mountain to install all kinds of hunting tools, catch rodents, birds, snakes and wild boar, and wuzhishan grass turtles, small water turtle and other wildlife;Also good at fishing in rivers water turtle, soft shelled turtle and hemp fish, etc.When not farming, festival, the whole village has set the up the mountain and put the dog to round up the mountain pig, yellow Jing, deer, etc., and keep the meat fume dry edible.Li cultivator, daily work, men with the sword basket, basket woman with small waist, capture field animals such as frogs, tian crab, rice shrimp, chowder home cooking after eating.Food taste fresh, rich nutrition.

Li used to cook the meat dishes with dishes, or boil a few vegetables mixed.Salt is the main condiment dishes, hot pepper is usual table seasoning.Li people living in the tropics, the be fond of light, eat less Fried Fried food.Li in the traditional diet, in addition to the above food, a unique flavor and reed glutinous rice, glutinous rice ball.Whenever festival festival, to visit friends and relatives are making MiZong, glutinous rice food.

Li's fruit and snacks.In daily life, has planted litchi, longan, mango, pineapple, star fruit, yellow skin, jackfruit, banana, sugarcane, sour beans, etc.;Is another kind of wild fruit, fruit such as steamed stuffed bun, spring to spring, ba, pomegranate, etc.Planted and wild fruits, are seasonal fruit.Popcorn, baked cooked sweet potatoes and cassava, li's home is zero.

Li people love life.Living habits, the wine is indispensable beverage in People's Daily life.Holiday, marriage, funeral;Into the new home, family, social and religious ceremony and other activities, place mat feasting and drinking.A visitor welcome at ordinary times also love gift for drinking.Li hospitality, wine for common courtesy, toast song often pulls all-nighters, form their own wine culture.Li diet change, generally learn Chinese dishes produced technology.