manchuCustoms and habitsThe manchu festival information and clothing characteristics

After the manchu, the full name of manchuria, xinhai revolution was known as the manchu, manchu, is one of China's ethnic minorities.Manchu scattered around the country to living in liaoning for most of the other diaspora in jilin, heilongjiang, hebei, Inner Mongolia, xinjiang, gansu, shandong and other provinces and Beijing, tianjin, chengdu, xian, guangzhou, yinchuan and other large and medium sized cities.The characteristics of the formation of scattered small settlement.Now has established the main community of xiuyan, FengCheng, XinBin, tsing lung, FengNing manchu autonomous county, there are a number of manchu township.In 2000 the manchu population statistics for 10.68 million.

Manchu has its own language, character, the manchu belongs to the altaic full - the tunguska languages full dialect.Manchu script created in the late 16th century, is borrowed from Mongolian characters created.In the 17th century 40 s, a large number of shanhaiguan, manchu general began to conventional han Chinese.

The manchu good singing and dancing since ancient times, ancient dance have evolved by the activities of hunting and fighting.In the history of the manchu men to wear green or blue robes jacket, head back to keep borders in combs, the dome cap, wear leggings.Women like to wear qipao, comb or bun son "plate", wearing a ring, handkerchiefs hanging around his waist.Manchu shanhaiguan, the clothing to have consistent with the han nationality clothing, but the Chinese dress with its unique glamour come down, as China's women's traditional clothing.

Manchu etiquette

Manchu entering liao, shen, has good at riding and shooting skills.Around the age of seven children to practice shooting gue wooden bows and arrows, namely woman ZhiBian is nothing less than a man.The manchu costumes, men shaved hair around, borders and vertical beam in brain after, wear brocaded with robes, on both sides of the split, the waist band, easy riding and shooting.Women in the top of the head plate of bun, wearing earrings, wear wide straight series cheongsam, the high end of flower shoes.After entering the manchu and han clothing gradually converge.There was a period around women wear cheongsam is popular.Manchu housing, general hospital has a screen wall in the past, has "solo lever" for god.First, between housing there are generally two door to nankai, outhouse stove, back to the north, west, south three surface kang.The manchu attaches great importance to the etiquette.In the past, usually for BeiXing "around" the ritual, the men's right knee, right hand along the knee down;Fu had seen women's hands.Peers and friends meet, both male and female line on this junction gift.To the west of the manchu, indoor west kang may not sit back and piled up sundry.The main taboo is not dozen dog, dog, don't eat dog meat, not leather products;Taboo to wear GouPiMao or leather cuff of the guests.Said to the Lord because of the dog in the manchu ancestors of fishing and hunting life played a helper function for a long time, people cannot bear to eat its meat, with its skin, so the formation of this custom.

The 300 years since the qing dynasty, full of a number of long-term coexistence, han, the manchu has in language, dress, customs, etc. No difference with the han nationality;In the commissioner of the manchu people around, but in the remote rural settlement of manchu, there are still a part of the manchu people use language, keep some customs of manchu.At the same time, from the han nationality customs (including Chinese lexical) also can find some manchu custom components.Manchu is a people are good at learning and good at creating, to carry forward the motherland culture has made a contribution.

The manchu customs

Manchu filial piety their elders, pay attention to etiquette, meet elder on the road, to sideways micro bow, he lowered his hands, such as elders walk again;Junior saw elders to upon, not only among the peers young saw old upon greeting.Relatives and friends meet, in addition to the respect regards, some even do this junction.aThe Spring FestivalTo worship LiangCi years, when eve worship once, for bowed out and thanks once again and again the beginning of this year, called the Spring Festival.

Traditional manchu housing for west, central and east three commonly, the door opens to the south, west said between west house, middle said room, said between east east under the house.West on the south, west, north three face kang, kang is expensive, north kang for big, south kang for small, visitor live west kang, elders remained north kang, the younger generation live south kang.

Taboo: indoor west kang can sit and piled up sundry;Avoid dozen dog, kill dogs and diet of dog;Do not wear GouPiMao, shop dogskin cotton-padded mattress, taboo to wear GouPiMao or dogskin cuff of the guests.

The manchu marriage customs habits

Manchu wedding with the characteristics of this nation strong, and incorporates many manners and customs of the han nationality in general to go through the following programs: engagement: there are two forms of the manchu young men and women engaged.Parents one of the young men and women are acquaintances or friends, mutual understanding, to become relatives by marriage, and matchmaker said book for children for life, have a plenty of male direction the woman to marry him, have a plenty of female direction the man to marry him.Another is men and women both parties are known, the matchmaker engagement for children, and by the matchmaker to both sides of the "portal", issued by both sides of the flag, CV, last name, three generations.Also, check each other a birth horoscope.

Lobola blow-down: namely.Put two big and little.Dropping is the future daughter-in-law visit aunt older siblings, etc. The man's house when a loved one, to get property.Amplification is called a "gift", commonly known as "the masterpiece", is to choose an auspicious day, the man to send dowry to her home.To get marriedThe day before, seeing the bridegroom off to drink wine "the wind".The bride is home to the man borrow good apartment accommodation, commonly known as "issued".The next morning, the woman home floats seeing the bridegroom off, escorted by his elder brother.Floats to the groom's family, the bridal chamber in front of the ground put a brazier, let xi sedan carried the bride after from the brazier, commonly known as "fire ward".To drive away or kill with its ghosts, the groom will shoot three arrows to the car door virtual;There is also a real shot, but are generally not shot toward the bottom, so as not to hurt the bride.Then, the bride was helped out of the car to the front of heaven and earth, with the groom to the north with the three proffering flaming, commonly known as "beidou" worship.After worship the beidou world-famous "light" ceremony.The hidden covering the bride and groom, desk, facing south knelt in the courts god for pig elbow on the table side, three cup wine, knife, shaman single leg knelt on the table, with manchu to chant buddhist scripture, one side with a sharp knife to cut meat slices into the air, at the same time, carry a small handleless wine cup pour the wine to the ground.Main purpose is to beg god to bless the newlyweds and their grandchildren, grow old together.After held this ceremony, the bride by general person (available) between parents and children made with into the bridal chamber.Bride cross the threshold, put have a saddle on the threshold, the bride must cross from above.Bridal chamber bed must be laid, general bridal chamber set to play inside the room, after said "room".The bride into the bridal chamber, aThe little girlTake two sides mirror, the bride's picture, and then hang the bronze mirror in the bride's chest back.Then, the other a small girl handed over two tin pot, meters, money, etc., have inside the bride or in her arms, or clamps in the armpit, commonly known as "vase", also called "BaoMei pot".When the bride and groom sit on the bed, with balance beam peel off the red cloth cover the bride head, called "ao".Then there is husband and wife drinking wedlock wine, eat happy face, children of longevity noodles or hot property, etc.

The manchu traditional festival

Many festivals are the same as the han manchu.There are mainly the Spring Festival,The Lantern Festival, on February 21,The Dragon Boat FestivalandThe Mid-Autumn festival.Pearl ball is typically held during the festival, the vaulting horse, the traditional sports activities such as jump camels and skating.

Awarded the golden section: is the day of manchu "celebrate".Lunar October 13, 1635, huang taiji ukase, formal change family name "nuzhen" for the "manchuria", it marks a new nation-state formation.In October 1989, the symposium on "the first manchu culture in dandong, officially put every year December 3 section" gold award ".Manchu people around the lunar October 13th, the manchu name day held a memorial service, spontaneously to mark the birth of the manchu.But when use of the name is not the same, or the "name day", or "birthday", or "day" and so on.

The Lantern Festival, the fifteenth day, commonly known as the "Lantern Festival".As well as the han, the manchu also have yuanxiao hanging lights and the tradition of eating yuanxiao.

Go out: manchu women's festival.In the 20th day.That night, women groups, s&n, together or go ice sand roll, play or hilarity, is called "going out".

TianCang section: the 25 day each year, the manchu rural families exquisite cooked sticky rice, sorghum is put in the warehouse, insert the kaoliang stalk stick weave a pony on rice basin, means the horse to carry food, have ample food and clothing.The first day, add new rice, even the add three times.Also some people made two hoe in rice sorghum stalks.This section in rural northeast kept so far.

February: commonly known as "dragon day".On that day morning, the manchu people stove ashes in the courtyard, ash, bending such as dragon, therefore calls "the dragon".Then at a ceremony in the courts, pray for good.The whole family to eat "dragon beard noodles" and "dragon scales cake".Women this day do needlework.

Bug lady: June day, easy to make pests.Living in liaoning xiuyan manchu, FengCheng area in the past people day in June, a home a person to wang temple worship,Kill pigSacrifice, o bug report from danger, guarantee a good harvest in the fields.Now no bug lady ritual activities, but every air basks in clothings, on this day in case the bug eat by moth.

Hungry ghost festival: manchu to July 15 for the hungry ghost festival, also as a "ghost festival" turn undead.Around the temple, set up the dojo, burning lamp to chant buddhist scripture, to all sorts of prayer.A wooden screen is placed in the west to the east, hangs on screen have cockscomb, edamame branch, fresh lotus root, etc., to be used for moon rabbit.A square table is placed before screen, for a big moon cake on the table.Offerings, incense kowtow, women worship first, after the man.

First section: the manchu people after the fall of the year Mid-Autumn festival, or the lunar calendar in mid-september (specific time) for collecting herbs for harvest the blessing of the activity.In the past the northeast manchu village every year first quarter in the face of changbai mountain, blessing prayer, thank the god to give CaiYaoRen rich gifts, this period again to ginseng is to worship at the shrine.

The laba festival: manchu people want the day bubble "laba" vinegar and boiled meat "laba".In addition to the whole family eat distributed to friends and family.

However, manchu off-year at the same customs with the han nationality.December 23, as "off-year".When families want to sacrifice to the kitchen god, commonly known as "the kitchen god".