The pumiCustoms and habitsPumi holiday information and clothing characteristics

Pumi relationship with di and qiang department has its roots in ancient China.According to the legend of the ethnic and historical literature, pumi ancients is originally living in coastal area in qinghai, gansu and sichuan nomadic tribes, then gradually from elevations along the hengduan mountains to the warm and humidity south of western sichuan.In the 13th century, some people are recruited into the yuan army, with Kublai Khan expedition in yunnan.Since then, the ancestors of pumi gradually ended "routes and migration" nomad state, began farming life.

One thousand years on, however, passed on from m people always miss the north.Today, in the pumi living custom and culture, can still see the legacy of ancient nomadic people, they were able to taste the ethnic origin ─ ─ northern grasslands of attachment.According to the old custom, pumi children can only wear robes gown, 13 years old later to wear pajamas, dress shorts;Regardless of the garment type, adult men and women are outside the sheepskin shawl or scarf, a belt;Women also braids bulky as beautiful, like to use yak tail and tress of silk, plate on the top of the head.

Pumi eat custom

Pumi mainly live in southwest China's yunnan province.

Pumi with corn is the staple food, eat rice, wheat, barley, qiao son, yam, etc.Corn to eat it is corn flour that using stone slow first, using a sieve to corn shell, divided into three kinds of edible, shell generally writer livestock feed, corn with thicker pieces, can stir in rice cooked together to eat, also can use first pot boiled into porridge, then fine flour mix into the pot cooking food.Corn flour can also be boiled sweet wine, steamed BaBa, corn manasseh, wine is also used to make cake and do zanba Fried noodles cooked food, etc.

Pumi commonly used three square meals a solar eclipse.Breakfast eat more pasta snacks, drink tea or salt tea, noon and night for dinner, how is the staple food with corn.Commonly used boiled, steamed, burning, baking method such as production of rice, bread,, noodles, etc.

Pumi daily vegetable variety, squash, eggplant, tomatoes, peppers, leek, turnip, rutabaga, green vegetables, green Chinese onion, also often gathering black fungus, XiangJun (mushroom), bracken gucaihua wilt Withers, Chinese prickly ash, etc.

Pumi common to breeding livestock and poultry meat for its source.Common are pigs, cattle, sheep, and can make ghee, cheese and other dairy products.Meat cooking and baking food more, not used to fry food.Pumi good pickled in the wind to make pork into pig fat meat or bacon, pipa meat in the most famous.After its producing method is: will slaughter pigs to internal organs, and take out all the bones, with salt and pepper in swine internal, then put the pig ventral suture, pickled, wind is a complete preserved pig, its shape is like a pipa, therefore is also called "pipa meat", this is the top grade guests.

Hunting return at ordinary times, often also can eat to the black bear, wild boar, roebuck, deer, blue sheep, pheasant meat, meat eat much good cook and bake, not used to eat.Tableware is in style this spoon, wooden bowls, and the basin.1949 years later, the pumi people's living standard is increasing day by day, their frequent exchanges with the mainland, the mainland's life supplies a lot to the pumi region, pumi people have generally use porcelain, enamel tableware.

Pumi region a variety of trees, in addition to general raw walnuts, most pressing oil to fry BaBa, lamps, etc.Picking green gooseberry, in addition, between April and after dry ground into pieces, and then steamed, with oil press extract oil consumption.Lard, butter and mutton fat, edible is common, tallow oil used for general cooking wine or make some sacrifices.General m people a year to kill pig to eat one to five, at the feast to the slaughter of cattle and sheep, chickens, ducks and other poultry.

Pumi people special respect for the old man, the old man to take care of very thoughtful.In m shanzhai, past the age of the old man, side of the head of a bed is generally have a diet was laid wood cabinet, containing a variety of food, at the feast, the stockade in every family must give the village old people to send a gift;Marry the daughter of the second day in lunar calendar every year pay a return visit parents, to offer delicious wine;Someone out guest in the home, want to take back to the old man a banquet food;Home wine open, have to give the old man put an altar.Kill the swine to cut fillet next to the elderly;Before doing oat chow mein a bag fitted to the elderly.Grandchildren go to the fair string out back.Want to take some sweets to the elderly, tobacco.One thousand keep this habit, also let the old man eat much food less regulate appetite.

Pumi hospitality, whenever I visit relatives and friends, always guide, attendance in butter and Fried noodles, then on the steaming and pig fat meat for beef and mutton, and the other with a bowl of mixed with Onions, garlic, pepper and Chinese prickly ash, cedar, hot and sour soup, master in the attentive escort, wait until the guests eat satisfied hereafter, families began to take some food.Pumi has the characteristics of farming nation, also has the characteristic of nomadic people.

Pumi tea also likeHave a mealA day, every day is necessary, if don't drink will be the one, even crazy.Pumi habit to drink three times a day, once in the morning, noon and night all the time, some people even when going to sleep to drink again.Daily, many different kinds of tea, tea, oil-tea (tea) is put in the cooked lard, salt, tea, scented tea (tea) is put in the popcorn and walnut tea, etc.Wont go with horn wine or bamboo tubes.

Past thirteen men over the age of smoking, drinking tea, each have a rod POTS and smoke, regardless of visiting relatives and friends, farming grazing, as long as cigarette smoking, one interest rate was taken out of the POTS to boil tea.

Often drink white wine, rice wine and famous in the wine (wine).Tamar in wine is with the finest of wheat and become more, its taste is mellow aroma, the palate and refreshing, is the hospitality, the important gifts for family and friends.

Pumi religious beliefs

, both pumi religion, ancestor worship and also have a belief of Tibetan Buddhism, still remaining the worship of nature.During festivals, weddings, family, travel, harvest, etc., all want to please wizard (khan to) the murder offering, chanting prayers, in order to eliminate the evil remove hard, bless peace.

Pumi worship of the gods: the pumi believe that god created human beings and all things, give a person with settled and farming land, mountain about kitchen family rise and fall, the dragon Lord interpretation of the wind rain, so the turbid associated with likes and dislikes of the gods, all in the subconscious and behaviors of pumi displayed the fear of the gods and piety.

Pumi sacrifice to the gods of ceremony is divided into "the gods", "the dragon", "people of god", three.Worship at first pray to the god, worship, and contribution to a variety of offerings.

Pumi ancestor worship, pumi believe in the immortality of the soul, think of the soul after death will be returned to the birthplace of ancestors or in heaven, so on a variety of ways to worship activities, show reverence to ancestors.The main activities are: progenitor (New Year's eve), send them (from year 3 to 15), the tomb-sweeping daygrave, hungry ghost festival, offering room first, offering the stele.

Pumi send for god: pumi called "of green" or "generation of bone deficiency".Every family is not harmonious, quarrel, disease, or bad luck, often hold this kind of ritual activities, hope to give the evil god "" for god, let the good luck for himself.Attend ceremony usually held at home, the family, with a whole day.

Pumi fierce good omen predicting: pumi generally believe that warning, sometimes according to omen amiable form, or take some preventive measures.Generally believe that warning: dreams, such asA pregnant womanDream of knife, spear, sword and spear, tiger, leopardboysThe son, andDream of the snake, fish, shrimp will beGave birth to a girlSon: signs, such as the magpies call to report good news, crow, owls, fox night near the room for indigoeyes;Hr activities, such as eyelid jumped as inauspicious, next eyelid jump for good omen.

Pumi national holiday

Pumi people's industrious and brave, with their long history of culture and customs, the festival is also varied.

The big New Year's day

Big New Year's day, is one of the most solemn festival primi a year, usually from December 29 pilgrimage, and eat the meal until the 7th day too perfect birthday, QiBaTian time.On the first day in the morning, the old man to barak (fetish) and burn incense to pray, worship our ancestors.All men and women over the age of thirteen children, want to hold "pants", "skirt" bar mitzvah ceremony.In addition, there are uphill hunting, grazing, play around the mountain autumn, the mountain god, jump heishui and other activities.

After eat the family reunion dinner on New Year's eve, reached the age of 13, boys and girls, by sex, each a, all-night revelry.For eastern white, back to their respective home, held by a home for their "pants" or "skirt" ChengDing ceremony.Primi in lancang river bank of if is a girl, she walked to the fireplace in front of the "column", feet, respectively, on a pig fat and food bags and pig fat symbol of wealth, sack symbol of harvest;Earrings, beaded jewelry, such as right hand, left hand of mercerized cotton, linen and other daily necessities, women have the right to material things and bear the family labor obligations.Then the mother put the girl linen gown off, put on jacket, put on a pleated skirt, wearing a pair of embroidered belt.If it is a boy, and he walked to the fireplace next to the column "male" in the left front, feet trample on the pig fat and food bags, right hand hold knife, left hand with silver, silver symbol of wealth, knife symbol brave.Then the uncle took the boy's linen gown off, put on jacket, put on your trousers, wearing a belt.After the ceremony, the boy, girl, is to grow up, are eligible to attend a formal social events.

DuanYangJie

Every April fifth lunar month, general m home opened with new wheat wine jars, suck up Su Lima, changxin as tribute section.In addition to their drinking, but also taste a fresh delicacy to relatives and friends.

DuanYangJie this day, children wear costumes, into the wild to all kinds of flowers, in the house, looks very beautiful.Then the whole family, old and young sitting around all kinds of food.

Snow threshold swim mountain section

The primi traditional festival, the 5th day of 5th lunar month is the orchid - "threshold swim mountain snow festival"."Snow threshold" is the third big plate of mountains snow mountain, elevation 3600 meters, is the only place in "step at outskirts", since ancient times is fort outskirts travelling merchant and tourists.When spring back, snowcapped, suburbs pumi people will take tetrachord and carry yellow rice wine and meat, egg to snow threshold for the top of the mountain grassland.

Threshold to swim mountain snow festival is the largest pumi festival with lighter and religious atmosphere of a festival.Not held a religious ceremony, sick can up the hill excavation of herbs, who love takeshi archery wrestling, martial arts competition;The young man singing love songs, relate to each other;Some people come to talk about business.Swim mountain festival the climax of the "goat dance" this belongs to amuse themselves and ballroom dancing, the crowd round into a circle, hand in hand in a person with folding made a "drum", the other people dance while play tetrachord, sheepskin "drum" with the piano, to strengthen the rhythm and imposing manner, jump a dance music to play twelve.Formation in rich, has a single round, double round, semicircle, to jump, open the door, turn over, two dragon water and all over the sky star, etc.

Revolving around mountains section

Revolving around mountains, is the lunar July 15 for the mountain god.M for the unit with the village men, women and children, flocking, to specify the hill to participate in a variety of traditional activities.

Small New Year's day

Small New Year's day, also called m Chinese New Year, every month, which one day, the day is said to be at m ancestor's birthday, so the activity is for religious activities such as some of pilgrimage, drive the disease.

Adults'

Girl's bar mitzvah called wear skirts ritual, presided over by his mother.The little girlWalked to the fireplace in front of the "column", feet, respectively, on a sack and pig fat and her right hand to the earrings, the adornment such as beads, bracelets, left hand holding yarn, linen and other daily necessities, hand goods symbol of women will have to enjoy rights and assume the obligations of the family.Then the wizard XiangJiaZu and kitchen god in prayer, the mother for girls to take off linen gown, put on sackcloth jacket, hundreds of fold wear long skirt, wearing embroidered with design of belt.Change my daughter thank you kowtow to the kitchen and relatives and friends, give gifts for family and friends said a blessing.

The boy's bar mitzvah called "ritual" in pants, presided over by his uncle.Pumi retained many matriarchal society relic, uncle in the highest position in the home.The little boyWalked to the fireplace in front of the left column of "male", feet trample on the pork fat and sack, right hand hold knife, the symbol of courage;Left hand silver dollar symbol of wealth.Uncle wizard to the kitchen god and pray for the fathers, take off the boy's linen gown, for he put on his linen short binding, linen trousers, wear a belt.Change my boy girl also want to give it one by one with family and friends as kowtow, with horn glass to propose a toast to relatives and friends.Relatives and friends often give him a sheep, congratulated him on his peace geely in the future, cattle and sheep flocks.

"Wear a skirt ceremony", "ritual" in pants, girl or boy's parents want to held a grand banquet, to entertain guests to attend the relatives and friends.Give each guest a bowl of bone soup, they end a piece of meat and some pig heart liver, said everyone is to flesh and blood, heart is linked together.After dinner, ceremony is over.Held "wear a skirt ceremony" and "ritual" in pants, the little girl and the boy is one of the adult, became a little girl and boy, can participate in productive labor and social activities, become a full member of the family.