21 lee is ugly donkey - name of integration and conflict

China is a multi-ethnic country, unify the han, manchu, Mongol, hui, Tibetan and other 56 ethnic groups.Outside of the han nationality accounts for only about 6.7% of the total population of ethnic minorities, has a land area of 50% to 60%.The Chinese nation five thousand years of history, in fact, is the history of the han nationality and ethnic conflict and blending.

Culture has strong national character, different nationalities have different cultural patterns and cultural connotation, also make their names system formed the differences.However, just as people can't never leave home, culture also need to get out of the scope of national, draw on his mental and physical essence of national culture, in cultural communication with him, by inheriting and fostering, assimilation and dissimilation to enrich their own skin.Names as a cultural ambassador, faithfully records the evolution of the nations and development.Let us from the people the spirit of the language symbol system to spy out the behavior of the change in culture in the evolution of the trajectory.

Historian Mr Mu was the development of Chinese culture can be divided into four periods, namely from the ancient built in pre-qin period, since the qin and han dynasties to effect in the northern and southern dynasties, the sui and tang dynasties up to now, in the late yuan, complacent people enter as to modern times.The classification of the Wen Ji Mr. Qian, name of the national fusion and conflict can be divided into four periods above.

In ancient times began in the emperor yao, shun, the Chinese nation is given priority to with the han nationality, the brute, yi, Dijon, around the DE the national mark the central plains.The spring and autumn period and the warring states period, the warlord infighting, mostly han Chinese neijiang, mixed rarely touch, by warlords, here, one of the winning name of unify the whole country, "with rail car, book with the text, line with diameter, vessel and vehicle and human efforts, days of the complex, contained in the land, by the moon and sun, frost and dew drop, flesh, elders."Qin dynasty's unification culvert huaxia, here, three miao jing, hundreds more, the family of five, a real national integration.

Qin Liguo when short, but its political centralization of China, the situation of the peoples of the cultural integration, but regulated China feudal system since two thousand, after the han dynasty, qin territory is vast, east to the north, west of xinjiang, north Mongolia, south to Vietnam.Along with the expansion of the borders, horse real deterrent to the conflict and blending of the culture is increasing, the influence of the han ethnic names system love phenomena and more and more obvious, such as the western han dynasty emperor, there was a minister named jinri Di is Hugh TuWang xiongnu prince, for Hugh TuWang people worship them with gold, so the emperor wudi gave Di name of gold, gold seven generations of the sons of high officials elegant breeding, the so-called "golden an old karma, vii er han mink" is also.When the western han dynasty emperor xiongnu shout Korea khan with the han dynasty, to the han nation, with han huns contacts with the han people, assimilation, had deserted the name and the surname Chinese surname, such as liu, ABU, Joe, kang, zhu, a surname, are derived from ethnic minorities.The diluted last name, name on the form and connotation with the han nationality name has no fundamental difference, show that the assimilation.

Wei jin southern and northern dynasties a third in one hundred, the integration of ethnic culture is an important historical period.Northern and southern dynasties when the overlapping rise and fall of sixteen countries in the north, the vast majority of minority cadres.Han Chinese culture broad and eclectic, often can assimilate alien culture in contact with.When the northern wei emperor xiaowen of xianbei ethnic minority group's colophon had ordered a xianbei people changed, and his first name is "extension postscript to" instead of "yuan".Reason: "after the northerners refers to soil for Rio tinto, for the colophon, wei first out of the yellow emperor, king to soil, so for TaBaShi.Dirt, Huang Zhongzhi is lubricious, everything of the yuan, also should be changed yus."So "the HouChen old family, since the generation of newcomers, surname or repeat, is to correct them."Such as DaXi's XiShi instead, instead of its class's hayes, arc's instead of liu alone, step 6 solitary for importance, a total of 144 xianbei family name to Chinese surname.Other people affected by the "royal", and change the compound surname to han shan, such as change, ge for ge, is class is high, to jin for Isaac, bend to bend, muddy for du dugu, etc.

In the name of localization at the same time, the ruling minority wei jin han is also followed a "do CKS system", the changed their surname points a, b, c, d four grades, like yuan, grandson, yuwen and yu, land is for a name, such as "for a scholar, copies of the book, county GongCao, the" four last name "is not selected."Ethnic minorities is also in the other cultural connotation of names to use the ritual of the han people, such as emperor xiaowen was explicitly namesake: marriage "from today about banning, have made not in theory."

Like the development of things way-and, the conflict and fusion of names is also the ups and downs, xianbei people, after emperor xiaomin of northern zhou to establish their from political to cultural marketing xianbei rule, make all Chinese surname instead of xianbei people to restore original name, and given the surname xianbei, and han han culture to alienation.As Li Bici surname ACTS river, Yang Zhongci surname PuLiu as, and given name is yoko, etc.Xianbei culture background, after all, not deep, although have backed by political power, after all but han culture, in the han Chinese and even most of the xianbei people booing, when former northern wei dynasty prime minister to Yang jian, restore xianbei family name changed Chinese surname, host and so falling, it is in the name of the ethnic conflict and fusion performance.

The tang dynasty was the prosperous period of feudal society of our country, "the state of fill, no two throughout.""Tang Wei make line, east three footprint, north across the big moraine, the west is a part of water, south tianzhu, and Marine continent in the small country."Foreign nations are scrambling to come in.At this point a striking feature in the name of the integration is all foreign name localization.If Li Baizhi father from the western regions, the xianbei people, troops stationed for the conference semifinals, the father of my mother as the turks, tubo is also conference semifinals, they are the same name in Chinese.History of similar names and big nye, Li Guangbi, pei Bin, etc.Given the emperor's name is also basically family name "li" for the country.Such as resign TaBaChi xianbei people, qidan chief cook, a guard for years jia li were given name is "li".Affected by the tang five dynasties and ten states after the monarch of the ethnic minorities, all will name's localization, the later tang dynasty emperor zhuangzong of later tang, rising Shi Jing pond, ji liu know far are minority RenShi, in name alone is not the "native".

Tang dynasty, influenced by Song Wenhua, gold, liao built by the foreign countries did not escape assimilation, the fate of the dissolved.Jin is established by nvzhen nationality, the national long MuHan culture broad and profound, repeatedly made together, for the prevention of nuzhen civilization "bad", quite prescient Jin Chu you sejong, ZhangZong presidency, and expressly, "ban jurchen have to translated into Chinese surname.""Make expiate".But in front of the han culture "to resist the temptation", making orders will finish "change from arrogance to respect," YanShi first picked rich overlord of Chinese surname "king" as the name, permeates, royal change Chinese surname, plebeian inhabitants are imitation, especially to the gold at the end of the existing 31 surname changed to Chinese surname.Such as ali kan surname, name is meng lu, ah not a surname field, Uighur YanXing zhu, and so on.In addition, existing in the Chinese surname name, such as wool, yuan, the qin dynasty, yellow, such as 28 name were nvzhen nationality and other minorities to penetrate.

Gold people in national conflict and integration in the name of the system and a "great contribution, which heavily renamed han.Most of them are outside of nvzhen nationality, another take a Chinese name.Such as jin MAO specimen, bone, take Chinese called "min".Gold emperor taizong name wu qi, called "sheng" again.People also is so, "one two".Two regulations on the use of occasions have obvious: han name used in the imperial edicts, in play, such as official files into folk nuzhen name.In addition, han also enjoy taboo courtesy, gold have note there is no school, want to avoid also avoid didn't come.As a result, han who occupy a position in the superstructure, jurchen names were rather cold.

First of all by the minority nationalities in Chinese history "self-determination" is the yuan dynasty.Is the Mongolian yuan dynasty came to power, the power to pursue "to the world soon, under the horse" governing of the politics, the Chinese culture is quite useful yi xia's ambition.At the beginning of yuan, Chinese people are divided into four grades, han bottom, in order to change the status of humble, many Chinese have called the Mongolian name instead, in the hope of the sham as the genuine, enjoy the "parallax" respond to the senses.Scholars in the qing dynasty Zhao Yi in the history of 22 reading notes about this situation, he said: "when yuan more than han Mongolian name, such as jia thar the processing, the wing state;Zhang batu, pyeongchang people;Column clams cloth, the jiangxi people;Yang flower dhi, Wallace in the ancient, all ningxia people...Gao Yin son tower lost not to spend, xi Mongolian customs also."

Mongolian name actually is not refined, compared with han name to vulgar, named "white or color: such as ChaHan, too;The spine, black also.Or take a number, such as a bud don't, four also;The only son, either good or bad, six also.Or take jewelry, such as press play, gold also;Tamerlane, iron also."Or take shape, auspicious, items, tribal name, such as a person with out the crack recklessness, imperial general, more not understand Chinese, it's his rule you, impassability.On the contrary, to give you some uncomfortable Mongolian name in pets, such as leader to build boat division, MAO upright speed red name;Liu, MAO jade name out dry, and so on.Make history and history of yuan dynasty name full paper, dazzling, and more for avoiding its sound and don't understand the culture, the later ZhiShiZhe often have a headache for this eye bilges, racking my brains.

Capsule conical will from now.The superiority of Chinese culture in the late yuan and conquered the Mongolian.In Mongolian rulers to han countries under the rule of law at the same time, Mongol and semu are to Chinese name in fashion.Such as "yuan shi · Zhao Shiyan preach" cloud: "child worship Zhao Shiyan, word, the Mongolian people first."And as Li Ting, Ding Henian are ethnic han.Yuan dynasty writer GuanYunShi, also is the yuan dynasty general, semu ALiHaiYa grandson of and so on.To the yuan dynasty will destroy the Mongol and semu is to have "turn ACTS in exile, the deposit is from Chinese surname."The iron bars of political power, after all, still can't admit defeat the strong culture.

As the saying goes: thirty years hedong, hexi forty years.Took back the throne, to the Ming dynasty, the han Chinese name changed history.Zhu yuanzhang and his successors from han elder rulers of bribery, give foreigners with Chinese name.Such as Xue Bin "name huan, HongWuZhong joins, given name is xue."Lee "early MingChou donkey, tatar, yuan xiaohong, history, twelve years hongwu to han, translate books, MAO had given by name."When a batch of famous generals, such as huThe sea, MuYing, Ding Dexing etc, are all ethnic minority people.According to history carries: in 1372, xiangxi minorities of tusi in Java, sulfur ball insurgency, envoys Zhu Hongwu appointment with Ming to fields, Uighur khabarov ten candidate for governor of coin.Khabarov ten expectations, take the lead, Jian except for countries to develop.Zhu yuanzhang is given the name of Jian, bus.Jian bus stationed plant wood mountain for a long time, to perpetuate, both for Jian surname, modern historians JianBoZan that followed.

Given name after all, is limited.Zhu yuanzhang a bit less than friends, name or trap to feel avenged?Simply banned foreigners using the original name, all have to switch to the names of the han Chinese.So many ethnic minority people have its compound surname to shan, the han cultural identity.If changes HuYan shout, begging for volts instead of completion of, etc.In this way, the names of the ethnic minorities system basically washed a net, hidden Burmese culture tradition of the original text joint, along with the Ming will aquamarine, soak up the conquest of Dali, gradually changes as to disappear.Having no surname, dai Ming rulers to give its aristocratic family name with a knife, the dai national minority history began its name.Chinese military conquest with wings of han culture strong, makes the Chinese name to march into the invincible.

History often have many similar scene.The late Ming dynasty wu sangui manchu into pass, the manchu nobility to in Beijing is its capital.They judged the yuan qing rulers reference minority ruling majority experience, more forcefully promote.To prevent manchu localization, ban manchu rulers in Chinese name, shall use only two words, can't use, also can not use Chinese surname.Reportedly, jiaqing once found this to be called in three Chinese characters in the name of the "qing yongtai, and kun bao", instead of immediately "yongtai, and insurance."Ruler is also in the cradle of manchu practice the "eight banners" in northeast China, and it is strictly prohibited to han immigration, in and out of the shanhaiguan must hold court issued by ticket, so jittery, nervous, it's really a "clear out of dollars rather than yuan".

Ban ban yi and han cultural penetration and old as the history of the powerful allure.With gold, with limited use manchu han's "first" and the first to fight back, the highest status among the eight banners' children eight surname in the qing dynasty first break through "manchu can not use Chinese surname" ban, change of polysyllabic full name for a single syllable name (Chinese surname).Such as better guar's surname, magiya hala took their horses, Mr. Roche surname cable, JiJiaShi surname et al.Permeates, other such as yan hong, Ye He that followed the Chinese surname instead, qing imperial family in distress situation, not equal to "float", change qing imperial house name is Kim, in order to catch up with the situation.

The surname, and others, began to hone the name was changed.Yongzheng emperor to see can not help, I'm afraid again to repeat the surname and falls in name after the subaltern fulfillment of the quote, just one step ahead, provisions of the royal family name by way of han a word generation, and set a three-dimensional, hong, yong, cotton and other 14 words, but words such as only the seventh word "pu", becomes the last emperor pu yi it, this is unexpected, I'm afraid.Royal name so, generally the names of the manchu is needless to say, such as cao xueqin, ShuQingChun, luo bootstrapping is genuine Chinese name.

Name localization, some was not "meet" manchu, and the system of the han Chinese name, no absorption in the past, in order to complete.Manchu famous writer Lao she in his autobiographical novel "is under the red flag" for a while this unique social phenomenon in the late qing dynasty the real express: "such that year, the month, all want to always be publicity, ten thousand generations, but he the love to imitate the han Chinese.First senior intellectuals in name, but also to the words of the pronunciation,, slowly, even the collar with collar refs are famous, very elegant.To when I was born (1899), the original flag called his brother and Mr Grandpa four soldiers or white, are all what I had.Yes, pavilion, the princes, and just is the most highly fashionable four words."The fusion of full of han culture.The late qing dynasty, foreigner gun ships big gun opened China's doors.The traditional han culture in blood baptism of fire, in a violent clash with the foreign culture labor, fission, new changes have taken place.This change reflected in the person's name, the names of the original strong feudalism color has been diluted by foreign ideas.After the May 4th movement, some intellectuals often as "George and John and Mary" and so on).Works of drama ", "a student said:" my name is George zhang abroad, my name is George zhang in China."So similar as Zhao Meng brought, hong simmer lotus, Paul, Peter, etc., are all signs of alien culture and han culture.

The name above is directly influenced by the spirit in the west, in the name of the system by the culture shock in the thought idea reflected in the names is a dime a dozen.Only by Huxley's theory of natural selection in evolution point of view: "natural selection, survival of the fittest" as an example, the book one appearance, natural selection, zhang Li Jingsheng names such as up overnight.List is known if JingXiong qiu jin word, Chen jiong-ming word race, Hu Si mi name hu shi, word of fitness, etc., is a good example.Mr And the effect of the very large, it is conceivable.

The influence of culture, marriage is to promote ethnic fusion of history and the personal lubricant.The Chinese nation has a long history, many nationalities, marriage is widespread among different ethnic, reflected in the names in the system such as dai "solid", "liu", is made up of han and dai intermarriage appeared;Ruyuan county is the last name of the yao "feng" is the product of han male with yao women;Lianshan yao ", xie wei, tain "last name is han men did yao women such as" recruit lang admitted "after inoculation of seed.Whether intentionally or unintentionally, affinity is the best means to promote surname culture.

System can be lighted by the names of conflict and blending between national culture.After thousands of peoples in the world, being affected people change is also intricate.Based on the name of an ancient name for China, for example, extrapolate, drop of water to see the sun, will not be discussed one by one here.