My name is George zhang 19 abroad, my name is zhang George at home - name of social stigma

In East Africa Kikuyu tribe, a total of nine top, comes from women, there are still spread the legend about the last name:

At the beginning of the creation of the Kikuyu tribe ancestor Kikuyu sent gifts and joseTo get marriedAnd she gave birth to nine daughters.Day emperor then give nine men do the nine sisters husband, together they many offspring, formed the jose than tribes.Kikuyu and jose than death, nine daughters home, become nine lineage, these lineages surname is composed of nine sister's name is a little change.In these lineages,A womanOf supreme power, can "marry" a lot of her husband, children born to inherit all his mother's name, but by then, men finally unbearable, and rose up against, and the transformation of the whole tribe from matriarchy to patriarchy, jose than tribe also changed the name of the Kikuyu tribe, only by the nine most popular because of all the female citizens of strong resistance, to keep up to now, become the largest nine Kikuyu tribe's surname.

The story vividly reflect the ethnic Kikuyu name system and related to social development.

Social life is the source of culture, it is the complicated social life to cultural treasure continuously to build in each nation community cultural construction.Names system as one of cultural phenomenon, its form, structure, not only reflect the shadow on the deep connotation of national culture, display the cultural blend and development trajectory, refraction with people's inner emotional, psychological, and is characterized in the social life, are influenced by various aspects of social life.

Names, to a certain extent, can be seen as scale of the development of human society, from the name on the system of social stigma, we can see the social development form, social and economic life, political life and cultural evolution of the trajectory.This article will from the group name of social stigma and social stigma of individual named two aspects to analyze the influence of social development to the person's name.

A group of brand

In the process of human history, different nationalities are roughly experienced the stage of primitive society, slave society, feudal society, from different ethnic groups in the evolution of the social form of names system, we can find some kind of gay.

In primitive society, humanity has experienced matriarchal and patriarchal clan two periods.At the beginning of human civilization, women in society took nearly ten thousand years, chief, this kind of social form in name left some traces in the system.As China's earliest surnames mostly from female, even for the definition of "family name" itself "from female born".Like her, ginger, Gui, si, etc., this shows that our ancestors experienced a mother right of the society.

Foreign names system has experienced with han the same social changes.The beginning of the article about the Kikuyu tribe name is so.Morgan national famous experts in book "ancient society", also once said: "ask a lu west Asia person's name, he will be his name, his mother's name, and the name of the department of female ancestors answer one by one."It also suggests that lu (before 440) at the time of Asia is in a matriarchal society.

In today's society in the slow development in some ethnic, we can still from structure to spy out her name from matriarchal society to patriarchal trajectory.Such as mountains in our country, such as lexical ethnic minorities also implement the joint system of mother and baby living in yunnan province in the joint also puts female name followed by the name of the father, reflects the mother right above the patriarchal social background.Lugu lake throughout all of the naxi nationality in tran, per capita use matrilineal family name.Names of the mosuo appear even to motherThe tiger, named after the female animals such as cows, hen phenomenon.And in xishuangbanna, a wooden man with a double system joint, both female name, and name of the father, also shows that the transition from matriarchal society to patriarchal society the history of the footprints.And some of the nation's mother and son to father and son in the joint joint evolution, han surnames after summer, rarely use from female characters, or even removed from the female of the ancient name of female, such as "Ji instead, surnamed" phenomenon, the stamp is centered in the patriarchal society.

Names of ancient times are affected by the economic development of dye.Jingpo people such as the one of the oldest names are "planted taro", "consolidation taro quantity" meaning of the name, description was jingbo economic forms and taro in the important position in life.The first to get the nujiang Li Li clansman call wood than, "melon" for the buckwheat, its also shows that at this point in the nujiang Li Li race, is in a kind of buckwheat for a living form of agrarian economy.

Back to the ancient history of China, from a nest, flint, fuxi, shennong, Ru name, it is easy to see that people practice fishing doing agricultural way of life, the force field.Copied the name on the bronze ware, such as bow father heptyl You, father has jue, father tiger ding ding, turtle father ding, child parent has square, etc., we can see then has appeared, such as iron, fishing,Kill pigSuch as the division of the cooperative economy.

From primitive society to slave society, hierarchy of printing and cover the deep a stamp on the names.Chinese slavery society of xia, shang and zhou era, only the slave owners noble have surnames, slave is absolutely can't have, the so-called "son of heaven building heart, for given name to raw 胙 soil and life's".Only a small number of extremely talented and be reused by abnormality is given name, such as business Wang Wuding dream, sage and use secretary fu said, originally built version of the slaves, there is no surname, because business Wang Chongyong, only by the name of a former slave "Fu Yan").Ancient Greek and Roman slavery society, the people facing the same injustice: only famous slave owners have a last name.It is said that ancient Greece there was a huge slave owner's son is very stupid, even remember 24 letters of the Greek, slave owners had to use these letters pronunciation the name for the home of 24 slave, so that this stupid son remember, in this way, to make the slaves had a symbolic name.

Development has experienced several thousand years of Chinese feudal society, the person's name system has experienced ups and downs, also recorded the social changes of feudal dynasty.Han Chinese name taboo in the system, has become a powerful, according to archaeological, historical roots of progenitor, this is also the feudal era being affected by the political people a very notable case in point.

From the beginning since the qin dynasty, but different age has different content of the taboo, the same dynasty emperor also have different taboo words.Taboo in the early western han dynasty "state", "pheasant", the eastern han dynasty, from the "show", "zhuang", etc.On the other hand, princes group name taboo research provides a good condition for later generations.Affect social taboo is the name of a particular point.

Another special point is the given name is HeGuoXing dignitaries.The surname wei-guo liu han, tang li as the name, of course, each generation has given name is the cultural connotation is consistent, but given the last name is characterized with brand of The Times.

In the feudal society, almost every dynasty era of the brand mark every generation has the group name.

Six dynasties, the bureau said the rise and gradually gained popularity, the word "of" as the bureau of logo, recorded at the time the peak condition.At the time of valve and the cremation, and they use the word of the name, even the father brother number generation phase, not avoid speak (cs17), such as the new moon of zu chongzhi, the persistence of;Of xian yue of gu kaizhi, the bottom of the and so on.Today people see "the name of history, can generally guess is history in the six dynasties, it is to name and logo is a typical example of the society.

Northern and southern dynasties, religion and the flood, also can register from the person's name, read the history of the form, what herein monk, the monk, the monk fruit, king kong Jane, guinness, maha, blessed child, French monk name can be seen everywhere, such as Buddhism, Taoism religion in social status at that time, the wise will certainly be clear at a glance.

Tang dynasty is prosperous, thriving, prosperous, both minister and the relationship between the right is harmonious, which at the time of the names are reflected in the system.The biggest characteristic of names in the tang dynasty is a same name, word, number one is like flaunt.Name is used to claim that word is to let a friend calls in order to show respect, the same name, is himself with others regardless of you and me on the call, in the form of this kind of modesty and modest people in relatively open in the tang dynasty is normal, like a prince zhongwu of fenyang word son, Li Ding word tripod, division of Ma Zhili rite, meng haoran words integrity, politeness and respect each other's way blocked, don't you not easy.

The first line of the tang dynasty is called popular social life on the name of the second brand mark.Open the du fu thatched cottage ShiJian, poetry topic on call, eyeful line the first word, such as, 33 fan shi wei 16 evaluation, secretary of the optimum and 15 zhang li.Tang poetry, the line of the first call is the first feature.At the sight of this feature, broke in the tang dynasty,.This habit is not only flow through the poem, but in one's hand up and down, which can both inside and outside is very popular, such as Tang Gaozu pei ji for pei two, Ming emperor called Song Ji for the five, the song dynasty for lu DE zong called Zhi lu nine, is in the manner of kiss.Xu 11 niang, accounted for three niang, zhu ten ErNian, 30 a niang, Chen plethora, is for the harmony between the attic.People read the history of tang dynasty, from single name can outlook and atmosphere of tang dynasty, and can be found in the name of find out when tang host name, the name in the social life of the mirror and see one spot.

Respect for the elderly pension is traditional in China.Known as the lofty status of the old man, respected by most people in the song dynasty, so that when people named also often since the praise to "old" word, what Zhao Xue old, li weng, xu, the king time, etc., from one side to reflect the song dynasty "care for the elderly, and people of the old" the implementation of mencius's sayings of incisively and vividly.

In the 19th century, the feudal society of iron in opiumThe warBreathe out the artillery bombardment, but opens.Invasion of western powers, in Chinese society and gusty waves, "Mr" and "very" walk to the front of the Chinese people, from various aspects of Chinese culture to the social life indicates a new way, the name as a faithful mirror of society, this is the history of refraction of the ups and downs.

Before and after the May 4th movement, all kinds of books and magazines to a "George", "Joseph", such as name "Mary", "DE", "" two male into the heart of the situation has also reflected in the person's name, by Huxley's theory of natural selection" natural selection, survival of the fittest "absence made evolution, natural selection, zhang jing-sheng, Qian Jingcun, li wen JingXiong name popularity, and on the other han Chinese name last name, number, name, word, complete structure have been explored in the bottom of the cleaning up, people don't put the name as a kind of kinship, explicit, and as a symbol of pure arbitrarily changed, their mother's surname, and even don't surname phenomenon common occurance.As some writers chose a pseudonym instead of the original name, fame after simply used as a name, by his pen name until dead.Like Cao Yuyuan surname, famous treasure;Ents LuXunXing weeks, name, etc.One thousand years of taboo system was completely abolish.To honour person in the name of the elder's attitude and approach are unusually, often named after the name to something else.The most prominent are named after sun yat-sen's sun yat-sen university, sun yat-sen's mausoleum, Chinese tunic suit, almost every city "zhongshan road" or "zhongshan street".In addition, sharing no marriage phenomenon has become a social old habits and cast it away; many married men and women, with the surname couple threesome.

During this period, the han Chinese people with foreign influence radically change, manifested in two aspects, on the one hand, people admire the western prosperity and developed, in the person's name to express its meaning;Given the qing court, on the other hand, corruption, and people with lofty ideals and expresses in the person's name to "work hard, the revitalization of the Chinese, such as zhang binglin, Zhao Yanwu, hu hanmin, yu you-ren and sworn enemies, which is a reflection of patriotism thoughts.

Abroad, every important political, religious, economic activity also laid a deep imprint on the person's name.With the jews, for example, every wave of anti-semitism of anti-semitic, all in the name of the jews.The end of the 18th century in the early 19th century, Europe's wave of anti-semitism, homeless and send the body around the jews did not comply with the country to develop a series of about one person named choose surname offensive force.If the Hungarian jews were forced to surname only white, black, big and little four last name, and on the selection of name,"

Thin anorak ", "the bull's tail", "donkey head" as they have to choose.During the second world war, the nazis even limit the jews can only use "the jewish name list" issued by the official in the list of 185 men and 91 women, people today do not check history, just look at the name of the jews, can get clear now the jews' drift from place to place, sponsor the bitterness of life.

, the October revolution in Russia, a large number of previous old name conflicts, mainly used to name and religious name names containing revolution, such as Lev mill, marxist-leninist for and skin of Atlantis, etc., were pregnant with the world revolution, Marx, Lenin and five-year plan for four years to complete, these direct printed on the socialist revolution and construction times the name of the brand, throughout the Soviet union at the time.

In 1949, the founding of the People's Republic of China, the name and on the watershed shows the changes of the trajectory.In today of the older person's name, with a "blessing ShouXi, prosperity" and other words name more, such as Qian Shifu, Zhang Youlu, Wang Shouxi, abound, but born in after the founding of the republic of citizens, this kind of name is greatly reduced.After the founding of the republic of forty years, and the change of names with the Korean and the great leap forward, the cultural revolution, the people's commune movement of ups and downs, in a lot of four generations of the family, people can from the name of their different generations recall the these forty years of ups and downs.After the founding of the republic of names of words, often with the great political movement or social change and variation, with a strong characteristic of times, the following several stages to analysis:

1, in the early days after foundation (1949 a 1950) : this is the beginning of republic of China to celebrate the dawn after two years.In the Beijing municipal public security bureau of the census register files, six born on October 1, 1949 citizens, all three men named "independence".Zhang jianguo, working in Beijing railway administration;Is chienkuo wu, in NaHuQu factory;Another zhang jianguo in the work of the Chinese academy of sciences.While the other three women also have a call qing-hua wang.

2, the Korean period (1951 1953) : then call wei, aid, fight a lot of beauty, such as wei-guo song, wei-ping fang, Deng Yuanchao, Yao Kangmei, etc.

3 mid, 50 g (1954 a 1957) : the period during the republic of China period of focus on the construction of the motherland, and names of the construction, strong-built names like many, such as high building, mutual assistance and li chan, etc.

4 s, the great leap forward (1958 a 1959) : reflects the era characteristics, such as satellite, jump, jump China throughout resided.Like yue-jin meng, cervical day, wear red flower, chao-ying wang, satellite, etc.

5, three years of hard times (1960 a 1962) : Ren Zili, Du Gengsheng, shen flood prevention, song, such as name, express the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle.

6, mid sixties (1963 a 1965) : comrade MAO zedong's call for "learn from comrade lei feng", the study lei feng to upsurge, this has also reflected in the names, Gao Xuelei, YiJingFeng at this moment, is to learn from lei feng appeared;Qian Zhinong, dong and farming, it is back to capture the farmers tide.

7, the cultural revolution (1966 a 1976) : table tennis star wen-ge ma, is the "born during the cultural revolution, it was suggested that he changed his name, he politely refused, he thinks, in the name of" cultural revolution ", after all, is a special s mark, a historical movement of the image, hence the name wen-ge ma and preserved.

During the "cultural revolution" in some specific words name cannot be counted.According to statistics, Chinese characters reform commission named with "red" word frequency after the founding of more and more high, from the beginning of the founding soared from 0.136% to 2.151% of the "cultural revolution" period.Have invented three siblings, formerly known as are the three words, later renamed lintong, Lin Fang, lm hong together three famous is the "east is red".There is a girl named zheng original named xiu-ying zheng.When the country to learn the people's liberation army, she was renamed xue-jun zheng;Later in the factory, renamed ji-hong zheng again.Some people ridicule her name, said: "she got married in the future have to change, then change to zheng ho (fit)".

Reflect characteristics of times during the "cultural revolution", the name is dong wu, Zheng Hongwei, li-xin yu, wei-dong xu, his rebellion, etc., are legion.

8 and 10 years in the new period (1977 a 1987) : this is a decade of reform and opening up, economic development, prosperous in culture, the thought liberation, the name of the person so also is varied, colorful.What qian, crystal, gentle, clever, and grey box (ossuary) such as reputation, James rose up, and all kinds of single-name overwhelmed, neutral name is great in the market, between men and women with the name of the foreign flavor, like Anna, Anne, lisa looked up again.

9, contemporary (1987 - present) : with the deepening of reform and opening up, cultural level and civilization degree rise generally, and big speak the name of art, moral, tacky name, such as flower, blessing, fortune is generally sublation, politicized and name also will decrease with time characteristics.I have a nephew, was born in the contemporary, their parents, as its name is a brain, later again check Wen Ji, just take a proper name: 钱堃.A culture that both for qiankun of harmonics, there is quite a man the gentleman in the style of things around in the body.

Because of family planning policy fully implemented, often a family only one child, the people at the time of its name shall not be careless and slow, avoid the same with people, so all sorts of obscure words looked up again, it is said that many teachers are often obscure name big nerve-racking.

Known to the wind and upgrade in this period, foreigners with various foreign flavor name very much higher owner value.At present, many college students have the name, many personal and two, one is external foreign name, one is internal han, "my name is George zhang abroad, my name is George" at home, the soul of a childe and parasitic on the name of the in some people.

Social stigma in the form of a sector in the name of the group under the social change of pop music, while the social stigma of individual name for its vivid and compelling story about his personal trajectory of behavior and thought in social change.

B the individual brand

Individual (i.e., a single person) as a social member, on the one hand to convergence group norms, on the other hand also has its unique social individual experience, this unique social experience in naming word have some reflection.

Called to volunteer personal social experiences, often is not taken by the individual, but for parents or others.Because fame, is still in its infancy, words can't speak, which called for yourself?In the Ming dynasty big traveler xu xiake's youngest son call, send li is because of their children for xu.Died, xu li send mother forced to remarry 28-year-old man, after waiting for the posthumous child born is named li send, combine so children foster Li Jiazhi meaning.Expressing lee in the late Ming dynasty, qing dynasty, later he number since the "interface", this number has a double meaning between two surname xu, li;Between the Ming and qing dynasties.In 1991, jianghuaiThe flood, countlessbabyBeing rescued in the water, so the "water", "the life" in the name of a constantly in the press, this also is a kind of social and historical records.

It is because the personal name not as branded in their own life trajectory, and unique, took his own life experience on the people (mainly refers to the offspring) names.Modern poets, Taiwan nationalists were all, in the sino-japanese war, to resist Japan occupied Taiwan, had organized yong ying fought back, 20 days and nights of the war of resistance against Japan, to failure.After the return to the mainland, his son was born, in order to commemorate the experience, so named for its "read".And according to the xinmin evening news, on January 3, 1989 years, it has a 14 bit of guangxi unmarried youth for a abandoned baby girl to mom and dad, they are collective investment, in turn, make the near death of baby girls live very happy.To commemorate this special experience, they together for baby girl named "lucky".

From social life into literature works characters and its social life experience, personality characteristics of various relations are often writers explicit on the names of the characters.Novel female college student dormitory, grew up in a laundry list of quantico basket;In sugar water bubble big XinGan;PanGaoZhi jolie, etc., are vividly reflect the characters' different life experiences, we know a dream of red mansions in the yuan spring, winter jasmine, tanchun, cherish spring (the original shall sigh), a single person (lie), BuShiRen (not people), jiao apricot (away), etc., the person's name is closely related to personal life experiences and actions.

Pen name is the best carrier performance experience, many writers pen name and life experience are closely related.Lu xun's life used 128 pen name, each pen name instead of thought at that time, the environment, situation of great relevance.If someone attacked him as a "feudal remnants", so he had a pen name "yu", "FengYu", "feng yu", etc.;In zhejiang province in 1930, the kuomintang (KMT) party wanted "degenerate literati" by lu xun, he took "fallen", "Dave" and "chappaqua" as his pen name, so-called training, also with people, so the pseudonym of tit-for-tat, lu xun is a reflection of social experience and individual character.

Writer MAO dun, formerly known as Shen Dehong word wild goose ice.In 1927, the first great revolution failed, he "had a deeper and wider earlier life, not only see the contradiction between revolution and counter-revolution, also saw the revolutionary squad contradictions, especially aware of the petty-bourgeois intellectuals in the age of the big changes of contradictions, but also not see their own lives, and also has a lot of difficulties in thought."In the experience of this contradiction, he took the "contradiction" as his pen name, after ye shengtao's suggestion, and changed its name to "MAO dun", so that more like a real name.

Writer YiWu, 30 s have a pen name "liu Ming", but "refugees".The name "liu Ming" outlined his youth by sichuan went to yunnan, myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore and other places through bitter life experience.YiWu a brother "sympathy" of the Soviet union, namely, gorky.Gorky parents early death, at age 11 to the society to make a living, as an apprentice, the doorman, blacksmith, bellman and dockers, later he began to publish a novel, take a intention of "painful" sound "gorky" as his pen name.This pen is the real portraiture of difficult life experiences.

His pen name, known as neven people who carry personal experiences of life an important position.Qian Qianyi drop after the qing dynasty, known as "queen putuoshan toru repairing old na", the drunk at the famous prostitute, feet, why to na, butcher and intimate, repair it?He when the original variable, to preserve the honor, should die being held, but he not give gentle and the rest of my life, only cheeky, helpless, had to hide into the thoughts of air-raid shelters to complete repair of remorse.As the poem "the disease was a snake in the abdomen, wild flowers only relies on the grass for the heart", the contradiction of the heart, an outlet in the lakes.

Zeng guofan JueZhai age, o master, with its sound in the name of the prime national barriers to do different interests.Ever found, since the ancient times of well-known figures, name is more famous, rich in enterprising spirit.And his old age, a successful career, became plain temperament, the stand number would her in stone mountain springs, detachment, both also retire.The higher the position, will be back, the thick atmosphere of people is the more humble.As the father cloud;"Life rolls for grain and prone to life, three lives and hasten".Zeng guofan explain the strong, named o que, it was for this kind of psychology.From the name to the development, we can see famous people the psychological reflection of social experiences and cause.

After the opium war, foreign, face a serious crisis of the Chinese nation, many scholars known again took strong patriotic colors and spirit striving to make progress, this is a people known as contrary to the social habits.Such as heroes "pawn" revolutionary army minister, qiu jin, "no woman", "a military scholar" zhou shuren, Shen Yanbing "awakening lion lives" and so on, these lakes, is closely related with its social environment.

In addition to the name, life, etc, change people's name, word is also often track suit time background and individual behavior, it will be involved in the changed its name to ramble, not to repeat disrelish here.