A, the origin of each:

AD on September 20, 622 calendar March 2 (Iraq), the prophet Mohammed in order to the tail from wagging the dog, make sure that the few Muslim's life at the time, led part of the holy gate disciple mecca migration from hometown to the wheat.Where the holy gate disciple armed, and entrenched in the mecca region fought resolutely against the polytheists, only spent ten years of effort, will destroy all the opposition on the Arabian peninsula;Thus, fragmented arabs casting into a firm faith, thought positive, no nonsense strong national action.This is of a great event in world history.Migration seventeen years later, the second caliph umar only will this year as the calendar year of each year.In order to make the calendar of the first yearNew Year's DayTo have consistent with New Year's day of the lunar year, he moved the prophet and wheat, for two months and a few days ahead of schedule, the date of the first year calendar, starting in January that year's calendar, this year at the July 16, 622.So call each migration to "(ar).Its meaning is "migration".Chinese Muslim calendar era known as Iraq as "holy capital was the first year.

Second, each profile:

The calendar with the solar year (house) and lunar year (in years) LiangZhong method.The solar year only for agricultural cultivation and harvest;While lunar year for religious ceremonies.

At 1, through the solar year is the spring breeze, in accordance with the sun travel a week for 12 months and 12 palace called "month".

The solar year leap year is 365 days.For 128 years, a leap 31.Every leap year, then add a leap day in late December, will be 366 days.Must accumulate 80000 years for one day.

2, the calendar lunar year is in accordance with the moon round the 12 times for 12 months, called "move on".Round the week, the moon takes about 29, 12 44 minutes 2.8 seconds.The moon round the 12 weeks, a total of over 354 8 48 minutes 33.6 seconds.So the month of the lunar year, size, and white.1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 to build 30 odd month;2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 of tracey is even on 29th.More than 354 days a year, the time, to three years, is approximately equal to one day.Therefore, every 2 to 3 years, must buy a leap day added to the calendar in late December.

Solar year is more than 365 days, and the lunar year only 354 days, more than the solar year 11 different, product to 32 solar year, as many a solar year, therefore, in back at the journey, about 32 years a cycle.

In Chinese lunar calendar is every month when the new moon (running between the sun and the earth, the moon and the sun at the same time, the earth can't see the moon, this phase of the moon is called "new moon".Because the moon in the same direction with the sun, it is back to the sun side of the dark in the face of the earth, we would not be able to see it, called a crescent moon.At this time is of the first lunar month), for the first day.

See you after each year is the day the sun is setting new moon for the first day, therefore, by the first day of every month is often in the Chinese lunar calendar month 2, 3.

Each era is the July 16, 622.By the number of the lunar year, is 30 years for a cycle, each cycle has 19 common year, 354 days a year;11 a leap year, 355 days a year;In addition a day in December by the end of.Average calculations, every 354 days 8 hours, 48 points, 29, 12 hours and 44 points, a month is lunar common year cycle, only 2.8 seconds, should be integrated to 30842 lunar month, or 2572 lunar year, or 2400 solar year, only one day.

Third, each leap year:

Each year is 30 in addition to 11, 0.36 a day, more points for every year, every 30 years for a cycle, cycle of 2, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, and 29 years as a leap year, for example from 1411 to 1440 is a cycle.1412 (2), 1425 (5), 1427 (7), 1420 (10), 1423 (13), 1426 (16), 1428 (18), 1431 (21), 1434 (24), 1436 (26), 1439 (29).Leap day in late December.Because of the lunar year a guide-by less than in the sun, 11 days (after 29 days 12 44 minutes 2.8 seconds, when the moon twice a year, over 354 days 8 48 minutes 33.6 seconds, when the product to 3, 4 years is more than a day, 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 30 years as a leap year.)So the Gregorian calendar every 32 years in each year shall be 33 years.

The influence of four, each year on the Chinese calendar:

The yuan dynasty to yuan four years (AD 1338), the arabs zhe Ma Luding observatory was established in Beijing, seven Arab weather instrument manufacturing, and written intocalendar, enacted the country.This is the beginning of the calendar was introduced into China.

The yuan dynasty had established Muslim day special.The Ming dynasty, each still accounts for an important position.The Ming dynasty also translated documents each year and day.Until the qing emperor kangxi eight years (AD 1669) each expert qin day Wu Mingxuan know only calendar principle, not calculate, not with western verbiest astronomers, each was never repealed.

Five, the sources and characteristics of the Arabian calendar source ":

Chinese Muslim calendar monographs.Is an outstanding Chinese Muslim scholars - sages haji, yusuf, Lou soul, Ma Fu (1794-1874) in the early writings, manuscript written in Arabic.The text is divided into two parts, mainly expounds the calculation method of each method, and the Muslim fasting, such time calculation.

The Arabian calendar source "features: language concise, proposition, rigorous logic;A point, valid, blend it knowledge and argument;Combined with the reality of China, in the most simple and straightforward way to church Muslim master by the beginning of every month, especially of fasting, such time calculation method;Pointed out that muslims in the process of actual execution less and and disadvantages;Put forward specific solution to these two extremes;List the question of the law by the relevant law statutes.

The cause of the six finishing editing, translation into:

To inherit and carry forward the cultural heritage of the sages.We Muslim fasting and such, never agree, this kind of phenomenon is very sorry.Our party and government to respect the beliefs of all nationalities in IslamCustoms and habitsProvisions in the "hari raya" and "eid al-adha" every day off.We don't have a consistent festival, each district people's government where exactly one day have a holiday?For the government to which day for muslims to bestow?

In recent years in some places even in lunar twenty-nine, thirty fasting month of Ramadan, and in 30, the first lunar month "hari raya" worship, investigate its reason is confused don't understand the calendar or the lunar calendar and the calendar for the first time to define a month, following opinionated, fanaticism, speculated that "a month";Sealing surely with factions, such date;And blind lie about month month..

Date of the start of Ramadan fasting and such date is the religious work in religious work should have flatly basis, namely "see month, month open" holy example.Therefore, begin fasting date and such date will be subject to see month.Islamic calendar calculation table and three calendar table can only as a basis for the probable, for reference only, in the case of can't see a month, the calendar shall prevail.That is to say, according to the calculation table calculated date is "doubt", maybe Ramadan, perhaps by August 30, on this night (according to our Chinese chronometry) must do "intermittent worship";The second day must be the first day of Ramadan, namely three calendar the date marked on the table, it was "sure,", and so, the date of the calculation sheet ahead of the fasting month of Ramadan is invalid, also calculate the date of the table to do ahead of eid al-fitr worship the work also.

Allah said: "people ask you questions about the new moon, you tell the (their), a new moon is people (religious work, to understand the timing marks) into the jai and hajj (and zakat) schedule."(9) grant 1:18

So I'm in the process of teaching translation finishing editing this booklet, sincerely hope that with the vast majority of muslims observe precepts, and personally see month calculate to two or morethings, eliminate prejudice, wholeheartedly solidarity, forge ahead, do a good job in our religion.

I'm not done in astronomy studies, translation of hard to avoid is wrong, therefore, hope expert scholars give criticisms.

In the process of translation to edit, china-arab information is Su Duili teacher and imam Ma Lixun in this together.

Seven, each era and the era of conversion method:

The calendar year (354) and 11/30 day of the year 0.970224 (365.2422 days), and because the calendar age 1 year = 622 on January 1, July 16 = 622.5476 years, so the formula

0.970224 (known by era - 1) + 622.5476 = for the era.

The calendar = calendar - 622 + members present 32 (Gregorian calendar - 622)

Gregorian calendar = (by + 622) - by present 33

For example: + 1422 = 2001-622 (2001-622) present 32

= (1422 + 622) 2001-1422-33 members present

On October 1, 1949 AD = the calendar on December 7, 1368

On January 1, 1980 AD = the calendar on February 12, 1400

On November 9, 1980 AD = the calendar on January 1, 1401

On March 3, 1995 AD = by October 1, 1415