The evolution of surname

Through the introduction, we already know that many of China's last name is from primitive clan tribal development of the society, the continuous inheritance, has a long history, since ancient times by many historians attention, surname books all previous dynasties, surnames research into learning alone.From all previous dynasties surname books and surname in the study, we can grasp the evolution trend of Chinese surnames in.

As early as the spring and autumn period, the secondary, XuChen, pedestrian yu surnames, committed to the Chinese people since the name origin.Later appeared research ", this "surname origin of monographs, documents the pedigree of the yellow emperor to the spring and autumn period and the emperor or the doctor mini-bosses, including the emperor system, spread spectrum and clan, and so on.Han, Shi You hurry, philosophic theory of "husband", YingShao the customs pass are specially discussed last chapter.Name after the eastern han dynasty, the wei jin southern and northern dynasties to sui and tang dynasties, attach importance to the influence of family, family atmosphere at the time, have a great development, and revised and services in the private name works constantly emerging, such as eastern Gu Bi surname book shape, emperor taizong orders from datang surname ambition, LiuChong of datang surname is recorded, baobao "yuanhe surname code" and so on, these books unitv, rich information, idea and detailed.Song dynasty was the golden age of research of the surname in China, advanced and popular in numerous surname books coexist, include deng ming-shi "book of ancient and modern surnames syndrome differentiation", zheng was slightly annals, clan, Shao Si surname solution, Wang Yinglin surname supplications article, as well as qiantang Confucian scholars "of" and so on.Ming surname XueJing silence after the restoration and development of yuan dynasty, the influential book on the theory of surnames LingDi know million surname series spectrum, Chen Shiyuan name is David tang, Yang shen the bush family name recorded, Liu Wenxiang bush surname save ginseng, Xia Shufang "surname tong", etc.Surname books of qing dynasty and the research results more surname, include 黄本骥 surname remedy, Zhang Peng "name search source" the name distinguishes the false "surname rhyme" the history of the liao yuan three directories and the ancient and modern surname bibliographic research, Chen Yanhui surname examination, and revised with the bright roentgen assembly, clan Canon "is the masterpiece since the pre-qin surnames to learn.

Surnames in all ages of books, note recorded various historical periods may search the surname, name China, however, how many?Never one can tell a numeral.Is no one really take an examination of ancient and xia shang and western zhou surname is generally to be found.In history, according to the national language, zheng language is divided into eight surname after ravaged: f, dong peng, bald, female cloud, cao, pour.According to the national language, jin language ", the yellow emperor son name is 14 people, 25 meter has 12 name: ji, unitary, qi, self, pro, ren, vines, xun, Xi, gu, talking, and in accordance with.According to "zuo zhuan, the western zhou dynasty have 20 last name: ji, ginger, child, si, win, self, suppress, gu, qi, Kui, wind, cao, li and ren, dong, yao, altar, and done.According to the daily record, the spring and autumn when this in five emperors have 22 surname: Gui, si, son, gu, ji, self, ren, wind, win, qi, cao, altar, dong, ginger, suppress, return, mann, bear, Kui, tian, done.Qing dynasty, liang qichao and cite, agent, such as the name, according to the western zhou yi inscriptions can be exam is near, loss, stretch marks, moths, good, Bi, female Li, stool, etc, the surname only.Comprehensive this material, of the western zhou dynasty ancient name is not known.After surname qin and han dynasties, the unity, surname tends to be stable, the number of generations of surnames statistics also gradually clear up.We are ranked as follows:

Anonymous ", this "18 875's surname.

Shi You supplications article 130 surname.

And revised the datang clan "293 surname.

Baobao and surname code 1233 surname.

Characteristics "annals, clan slightly closed 2255 surname.

Shao Si receives 2568 surname "surname solution".

Wang Qi continue to literature, his clan, collect 4657 surname.

Present the Chinese surnames of closed more than 5600 surname, receives 5730 surname "Chinese surnames assembly", "the Chinese name of operator" 6363 surname, the name dictionary closed more than 8000 surname.

It is estimated that China's actual use surnames has about 10000-1, 2 m, including Chinese name, there are about 8000 or so, currently used Chinese character name, there are about 3000 or so, common surname only 300 or so.

From the surname of the development of history, the number of Chinese surnames a general trend of decrease, used by the ancient name more than it is today.

Why history more in the future, the surname of increasingly reduced?

It should be said that there are a variety of reasons.An associated with the aggregation of ancient times clan tribes, some by another larger clan tribal clan, tribe merged, some clan tribes in the heat of the conflict between the clan, tribe died;After the second in the class society, a lot of families are also because many of the social and political reasons and was destroyed, out the last name and extinction disaster;Three and the last name after the unity of qin and han dynasties, many grassroots just borrow existing surnames are concerned, it is more than the Chinese name is less important reason;Four is associated with specific examination actual, for any of the family and the family are theoretically possible JueSi or any situation, and for those who belong to small and thin surnamed family and the family, is more difficult to avoid.

The present situation of Chinese surnames a prominent characteristics, is a large population, less surname, people sharing the inevitable;Most popular more and more big, small, thin surnamed annually.This phenomenon should be from individuals, families, society and government.

Name one by one, the trend of decreasing, both in personal name, contact also impede social interaction and the government management related functions.Duplicate today has been very serious, if really has the world all surnamed li, wang and zhang and zhao, a handful of family name of that day of, I'm afraid namesake namesake will through streets filled with the world.This is not sensational, nor alarmist.To this end, we suggest that people, especially those who belong to the most popular, as well as ancient source consciously looking for own surnames, timely restore his old name, "go back to ancestors."Some might say: it's not let's surname?Racket said always love each other "is a" five hundred years ago, on closer inspection may not necessarily.Because of China's thousands of surnames, in fact, there are two things: one is the same stream, 2 it is heterogeneous with the flow.The former, naturally this is a previously, later then go their separate ways, each have each name.Such as the yellow emperor has many children, at least, differentiate into her, unitary, qi, self, vines, pro, ren, otherwise, Xi, gu, talking, in accordance with the 12's surname.Of these surnames JiQi, vines, ren, if is still one of the more common name, surnamed ji, the qi, vines, today, otherwise, although different name, "five hundred years ago and even earlier" might be a family.The latter, natural previously goes and, later, acting for her family, only because now namesake.Zhou, for example, "five hundred" is at least five families.The yellow emperor, shells and zhou dynasty have different source.North He Lushi HouWei era to zhou.How many people in the history of zhou, by his surname instead, because of a variety of reasons, I'm afraid at that time who also said not clearly.Therefore, today's family name is zhou.May not have any contact with each other on the blood.

The structure of the family name

In general, the Chinese surnames structure, can be divided into two parts: the part of the name, used to indicate that the inheritance of family, kinship relations;Another part of the name, it is the individual's own logo.Surname and independently, each part has its own meaning and pointing.At the same time, the last name is divided into word surname, compound word surname, multiword name and surname name four categories.

The so-called word surname, also called shan, by only one word in the name the name.The ancient name of the taj, the son, ginger, yao, fitting, hinder, picking, the xian, Ann, win, etc;And as the most popular, li, zhang, wang, liu, Yang, zhao, Chen, zhou, wu, huang xu, sun, hu, zhu, gao, Lin, he, guo, horses, etc.;And like a thin surname in the red, processing, bow, Mi, Dou, order, meet, east, hook, melting, empty, what, raising, slide, mi, pine, well, animal husbandry, Yang, violence, shao, Tai, thistle, can, pale, qixin, male, day, month, day.Surnames in China, both ancient and modern, words is about more than 80% of the total number of Chinese surnames, say so, it is the main body of Chinese surnames.

The so-called compound word surname, also called compound surname, is made up of more than two Chinese characters.Such as common compound surname in the east, sun, HuYan, suspection.i, ouyang, Stuart, syma, xiahou, yuwen, WeiChi, grandson, various ge, curtain, shangguan, a surname, the fifth, a surname, east gate, Rio's colophon, yan hong, linghu, implant, unheard-of, strong, Simon, sheep herder, customary, blasted into the period, the lamb's tongue, the clock from etc.And like a thin surname of RAMS, and smelting, munemasa, candid, thyme, b, a, begging for live, evening, resin tu gu, person, ghost, examination paper, pour, Huan dragon, copper Yi, song logic, carved lacquerware, falling, too. Uncle, regulus, Qi officer, carts, ZhuanSun, wu ma, and west, therefore, soil and good, kill father, YiLiang, YanGan, south gate, microscopic, left hill, the nangongshan, etc.Belong to ethnic minorities in the compound surname name a lot, while others is the localization of the ethnic minority's last name;As for Stuart, sheep herder, syma, customary, a surname, east gate, the nangongshan, south gate, Simon and so on, is due to the officer, from place to place for han's last name.

So-called multiword surname, which is composed of three characters or three-word surname, common in minority surname, include four three-word name, surname, five, six surnamed word, etc.Three-word name such as: in elder brother, bald eight either good or bad, the deficit, bitter rudin, amagi, day hot, lu b speed solitary, new in, Italian collection, wood bone Lv, guri armour, ancient mouth, angry at the column v, v uncle, only to step, dolly, LuGen, hou Chen mo, bone dry, shout of miles, thousands of book, step is either good or bad, o son, Lin upright six solitary, but zhu muddy, etc;Name four word such as: bald lu eight either good or bad, my son was bad, and tang Uighur defeat, polo, and brake the evil ogre, qing imperial house, well xinjiang 6 jins, eight lu daggers, begging for err son, since the death of the sole bo, basin, hu ancient mouth lead etc;Name five word such as: Shan out the ancient hemp, ha ji answer either good or bad, and the higher jin of xia bone, bone Gu fill wild, suddenly god favor is either good or bad, according to the stand off in upright, etc;Six surname as risk-averse red black only sun in a dry, tile, etc.

So-called surname name, is composed of two surnames al constitutive surname, common in two shan ma lian.Although combined surname is composed of two shan united, but it's not a compound surname, but it may also be for the development of compound surname.

It is said that the western zhou dynasty, the basket for fresh's son, stand still in as surname.Later their children and grandchildren and fresh, in two to one, namely unheard-of surname, unheard-of gradually became a compound surname.A part of our compound surname is such.Surname after combination, the pattern of surnames stabilized, and the possibility of a name for the development of compound surname is reduced.Therefore, family name more than after the qin and han dynasties in the pre-qin dynasty.Name and last name after the unity of, often for special reasons.Such as Chen Fang the surname, an officer of the Ming dynasty to the town of general fang-liang Chen, nature, Chen by childhood fang weng parenting, zhu yuanzhang was given his surname Chen Fang, in does not forget.And as Huang Zhou the surname, Huang Zhou star at the beginning of the qing dynasty, this name is zhou, because has raised by huang, then inherited surnamed huang, merger two surname for Huang Zhou.Such as land fee again this name, because the son of lu parenting in my in-laws, and inherit its industry, hence has surname and my in-laws "fees" surname for land fee.And, in addition, in the history of the glue, once, zhang liao, such as fan jiang surname.In Hong Kong and Macao and overseas Chinese, the wall joint name surname also relatively common, but more for women, is largely influenced by Europe and the United States in the name of the customs of surname.Such as Yu Jiang bay, if Chris chan lee wan, cattle Liu Yiji, Fang Yekong Cuo mission, the turning jun, yu xie cloud brume, land Fang Ningsheng, etc.

In recent years, and last name in mainland China as part of the people, but in the past or family name already had a big different, or for hunting is novel, or out of tradition, or out of psychological balance under the concept of equality between men and women, or for the same person at the same time bear the men and women both parties of the concept of family line, and last name is the usual practice of simple name that is, the couples will be split in together.The current this kind of combined surname, in the similar to blind and blindly follow the preliminary exploration and practice in the process, there are also some questions should be attention.

First of all, it is far from reach practitioners novelty, hunting tradition, for the purpose of psychological balance.

Split second, it gives a person the sense with blunt, not easy for the society and identity and accepted by most people.

Again, the last name is imposed on the next generation of parents, the next generation is not willing to impose it on the third generation, practice and hard to put this together generation after generation is pass it on.Therefore, the current name is repeatedly, wary of should feel secure.