Given name and surname

Given name is also is an important source of surnames.Emperor gave a new or existing surnames to a certain ethnic group, as a member of its name, is the given name.

Given the surname system can be divided into two types before and after the qin is bounded.Qin dynasty is an important system in the history of the development of Chinese surnames line, is surnamed before qin dynasty, surname is surname, both diameter nutrient-laden trenchant, qin dynasty after one last name, and last name and surname has no much difference, from the pre-qin period has been equally as a surname.

The system has a long history of surnames, only in ancient times and three generations and after qin and han dynasties, the situation is different.On the ancient Yellow River basin of tribal alliance leaders, from time to tome to facilitate their management people and flooding clan leaders or persons name.Xia, shang along one of the old system.Given to the zhou dynasty, the emperor was given name and governors also grant's change, the so-called right given by officials who have rendered meritorious service name to show or pet, the monarch is also given for giant active's as a long boom.After qin and han dynasties, the last name, given name is given including the emperor surname and given recruited.Practice on the actual change is to let those given name is a name, it is said in the nature and habits of the surname is very different.Purpose of the emperor had given name is table DE pet and win.In subjects, emperor had given name is a great privilege.Liu Jing of the han dynasty, the name is Lou, due to liu bang, after the han granted the name.Early tang li illegally, this name is xu, from shi biao, tang was given after surnamed li, and the British public.Turkic shatou turks who sends, zhu for help tang repression PangXun disorderly, guo-chang li given name.Tanguts li sigong for active in tang dynasty, huang chao uprising uprising also granted the surname, followed by one song was also given name is zhao.Hui MuYing, this name is lee, due to the distinguished itself, gives the name of "wood", and then gives the surname mu.Zheng he, the name of the horse, miho, zhu di Ming trusted him "to", he as a eunuch help it win devotee, after being given name zheng he.&industry tatar ugly donkey, first President of the yuan dynasty history, next year is given name lee.

Minority regime of the emperor also follow on given name is han, wei, when their YuWenShi han dynasty, such as give Xue Duan, Xue Shanxing yuwen, give Yang Zhongxing PuLiu her and give Zhao Guixing b, if give coach and surname lead, give GengHaoXing and Ji.And as the early qing dynasty, wu this surname guar's;Namtso lake tai, the name of ShuMu importance degrees;Jhao khan, the surname tunggiya;Hillary-haters may look forward, the surname, la's;Full o flat, this name is zhao jia's, because of the meritorious military service, was nuerhachi shall give name of roche.

The surname, is a change in name.Ancient and modern there have changed, but the cause of the surname.The ancient and modern, kuang, others need to be changed;Adopt an orphan, ancient and modern can also be changed.Now everyone's surname is fixed, in addition to the above two cases can not be changed.To be sure, the name changed and his pen name is not changed, because it involves only temporary need personal.Ancient the surname of the situation, the reason is much more complicated than they are now.We have points mentioned as below:

1. The initial stages of han dynasty name is unity

Most of the family name comes from the past's, because's can be changed, so the situation of the han dynasty changed more.Han han shu, for instance, the name is li, irrigation, the zhangs, xiahou infant son surname sun, etc.

2. To switch to Chinese surname in the integration of ethnic minorities

Some xiongnu han dynasty aristocrat surname liu, HuYan, ABU, blue, Joe, etc;When the northern wei emperor xiaowen restructuring, a lot of Chinese surname instead of xianbei ethnic minority group, such as the extension postscript to convert yuan also surnamed;Central Asia region in the tang dynasty "zhao wu toghuzghuz" and other ethnic minorities to Chinese surname, such as kang, Ann, meters, etc.;In the annals, changing, there is a lot of change from the northern and southern dynasties to tang dynasty ethnic Chinese surname instance.Liao, jin, yuan and qing dynasty, a large number of ethnic minorities living zhongyuan, change of Chinese surname is not a few.

3. Avoid a surname

The ancients have "showing enough respects to those respected events for QinZhe taboo, taboo for the sage" tradition.Such as han followers in name, XunXing just to all, when the warring states period of xun zi in the han dynasty was renamed Sun Qing;Han Ming emperor of zhuang, zhuang yan surname instead, wei yan surname after zhuang, then forming the zhuang, yan two surname;Han celebration of its parent name and family name was changed to He Xing;Jin wudi after its uncle emperor jing of jin is gentle view emperor, was changed to handsome surnamed, handsome complex for the teacher surnamed after jin, so form division, handsome two surname;Li longji, because she and harmonics, ji zhou instead;Emperor xianzong name pure, in chun and pure, chun name changed to yu;Tang name phlogistic, in her side have inflammation, her name is changed to already surname;Rising high-impedance worship pond, respect the surname is changed to last name;Song MAO KuangYin, KuangXing change to give priority to name.

Eschews the surname usually have five methods: one is to switch to Chinese or nearly words, such as her and already, xun zi and sun, etc.;2 it is to switch to synonymous or near righteousness word, such as with yan zhuang, celebration and the royal, etc;3 it is to form close words, such as quantico to give priority to;Four is loss and gain stroke, such as loss of stroke is handsome, and loss of stroke for the article, etc.;Five is compound surname of reducing or changing words, such as a surname word for reduction, not in word for the department of city and so on.

4. The surname avoided

Involves the major political and generation family business hate evil, for trying to keep his life extension and clan, one of the common escape is changed.Such as the spring and autumn when YangSheShi destroyed by the other JinQing attack, children to escape at outside, the surname sheep;When the warring states chu out the more, the huzhou wang mang's rapidly fled to anhui, the surname wang;Burying Confucian, qin JiZhen was abusing his brother season we afraid of the collective punishment, charged four children changed from home, the eldest son GuiYi, change in guangxi as the last name;In the early western han dynasty emperors killed han xin, Xiao Hemi Han Xinzhi son to nan yue, take half Korean word surname wei;At the end of the western han dynasty hydrophobic wide after people avoid follwed frame and the surname beam;During the time when the eastern han dynasty bow stuffy surname for refuge;The three countries into nie liao surname zhang because of rivals;Ming fang xiaoru, kalama surname or six.Shi, is open to "party people";Six, is with party nearly glyph.In addition, it is said that emperor sima qian imprisoned humiliated, hometown Seoul kin ledesma, afraid to name, some change department and surname, with some change horses and surname feng;National hero wen tianxiang descendant of escape to Qi water phuc, hence the surname.

5. Because of the surname

Is changed by business scope wide, besides the aforementioned aspects, can be roughly fall into this category.Such as the western han dynasty when JiShi JiShan is moving to anhui, then changed to JiXing;Huang's descent to the father, father just homophones, hence the surname suspection.i;If tang whalen, who were ordered to tubo, due to the tubo people dog taboo, if has hence the surname xun.Because of things changed in modern example there are many, such as a playwright works, this name is famous treasure, each word written as, open word for "Yu", and "(grass) and the" cao "homophonic, so he works as his pen name, then the was his name.Henan opera has been innovating Chang Xiangyu performing artists, the young zhang name, also known as yan mountain, died at a young age and is often deliver, hence grateful thanks to do the father, the surname called Chang Xiangyu.