What qiang is the traditional festival
The origin of the qiang
The qiang people, is an ancient nation in western China.Legend, 5000 years ago, yan emperor tribes and tribal war, the yellow emperor defeated yan rate after its most and huangdi tribe fusion, formed the Chinese (han).A few westward, flying, and qinghai, sichuan, chongqing and other places of indigenous fusion, the formation of Tibetan, yi and qiang today.Therefore, qiang and han, Tibetan, yi and other nations, are part of the descent, yan emperor tribes for ethnic brothers.
Now China's official recognition of the qiang people mainly in the aba Tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture, sichuan province, maoxian, wenchuan, wenzhou, etc., in beichuan county of mianyang city, pingwu, etc. Other provinces and cities.Has a population of about 306000 people (2000).Parts of the qiang people still retain primitive religion, popular all things have spirit, a variety of faith and the spirit of worship.
Qiang traditional festival
A, qiang calendar year
Qiang qiang New Year is the most important traditional festival.The lunar October the first is the time that is commonly 3-5 days.
Stop working during the holiday, to go out.Gathered in the home, with flour various shapes of the calf, lamb, chicken and other offerings, to sacrifice to ancestors and gods.In some places also by DuanGong TiaoShen to the forest god, of sheep and blood on the altar to worship god, mutton to back, to family and friends, please drink homemade suck up, sing a toasting song and dance heishui, celebrate the harvest.Qiang is a good people.Men and women, old and young metropolitan just wait ethnic folk songs, both in the labor production, weddings, singing and dancing.Sing the holiday is the best time to jump.Therefore, at the feast, the qiang people all want to enjoy singing and dancing.When toasting song festival is a traditional "suck up wine" duet form of singing.Sing when host sit side by side, took turns singing, rhythm slow and melody is exquisite, high voice, TuoQiang tactfully, with elegant and simple elegant style.Lyrics long, many express lucky,, and performance reward gratitude or narrative history and reminisce about ancestors.Singing is often accompanied by dance festival.Form of "jump heishui," jump "armor", "skin encouragement", etc., and to "jump heishui" is the most popular.When I dance a sing, men and women, to each other causing warm happy festive atmosphere.About half a minute later, a Que to terminal 2 Que again.Men and women to attend as many as dozens of people, and accompanied by singing suck up wine, often dance on my computer screen.When musical accompaniment of Musical Instruments are mainly QiangDi.This is a kind of old six double tube clarinet sound order.In addition is small gong, hand bell, suona, YangPiGu, urheen, Musical Instruments, etc.These instruments can blow, play, pop-up has a unique style of folk tones, the festival of abnormal people joy.
Qiang is the earliest solar reckoning years.The qin dynasty period, the public to the lunar calendar (lunar calendar).So, now of the qiang are, according to the lunar calendar year is the first of October every year.
Second, "the mountain"
Known as the festival of JingShan, worship.In village, from the date of the lunar march to June each are not identical, also have held 1 or 2-3 times a year, the program is very complex, offered sacrifices for across different legend, there are different with totem, generally can be divided into "mountain sheep the god", "god cattle offering mountain", "hang dog offering mountain" three.
More common (lunar calendar) on April 12.Generally held in villages near the mountain of god the woods, the men and unmarried women to participate in, they dressed in costumes, and all kinds of elegant wine feasts, cow, sheep, chickens and other animals live up the hill.Cult presided over by older than or release wei the person that weigh.Greeting ode, kill cattle, sheep, chicken with god, the god, god, chypre branches, and then the auspicious words, and make a wish, let vow a vow to each again, this ceremony should be lasted for several hours or even a day, all people can't afford to worship, but can release than the protagonist or activity.
Finally after the traditional village troth, fathers, collective cry, firing cheers, huanyan singing and dancing until the drink.Food is left over is evenly distributed to all personnel.
Section three, song
Qiang festival custom.Mainly in maoxian county in the north of the qiang people inhabit the stronghold.Fifth lunar calendar, only women take part in.According to legend, long long ago, the sky has a beautiful girl, called sirloin.She saw the man always pull a long face of the world, in this year's early May 5, came to a side of haizi singing and dancing.Pop and graceful dancing attracted many women, they sing along with.From then on, every year this day, all sirloin to haizi to teach the women singing and dancing.Accounts of the village first want to commandeer sirloin, sirloin with the help of women to the heaven, never haven't been to the world.People very miss her, is advantageous for the fifth day each year to haizi singing no edge, gradually formed the song festival.In the morning, the women in a big qualifications deeper, with offerings and food, came to the stockade of haizi near the edge, to the sirloin placed offerings, shelter.Then, in a circle, hand in hand the sirloin dance.At sunset, the women return.After I get home, men are busy asked them singing and dancing skills.
Qiang traditional festival.Fifth lunar month every year.This day, men, women, and children should drink realgar wine, and a little at the edge of the ear and nose, and a little in front of the door and the window, to prevent flies worm snake and noxious gas to enter, bless my family safe.Everyone who walks to, as far as possible to the mountains for an outing on dew, think on the dragon boat can strong JianGu.Qiang areas not glutinous rice production, so don't eat rice dumplings, but have the habit of wearing a zongzi sachets.Packaging have, calamus, vanilla, bamboo and bamboo package with color cloth outside, again with colored silk act the role ofing, shaped like rice dumplings.This day is the day when girls wear ear a pendant, experienced women with prickly ash give girls ma ears, stab pierced ear lobes with the Chinese prickly ash, then coated with realgar wine, to wear earrings.
Five, the ox king
Qiang traditional festival.On November 1st lunar month every year, the feast day.This day, and let the cattle to rest, to feed to MianMo and wheat straw.People, to do the sun shaped bun hung on horn, and then put the ones with free activities.Master to the cow king temple incense burning fake and kill a chicken, a sheep, pray for the cow report for cattle safe, no plague.
Vi.The international working women's day
Also called the song festival, held on the fifth lunar month.This day for four days, took the child to cook by men, women, to the mountain stone towers sirloin goddess cult led song first, after the picnic until dusk.Night families for functions to meet please women door-to-door missionary from the goddess brought in singing and dancing, overnight, until the fourth day all people to learn.Such as when the village was dead women under the age of 50, is not mourning held activities.
Seven,The Spring Festival
Qiang people celebrate the Spring Festival is very grand and lasted for a long time.Is not the traditional Spring Festival holiday, but the content of the qiang qiang festival in the Spring Festival, to make it unique.On the first day to a village or a few adjacent village to "take the first", after breakfast each own flesh, sweet wine meet until a fixed location, entertainment, huanyan together, the gunfire continued, until the evening firing home shooting.Early start QuanZhai went in turn to eat meal.In the 50 s last due to cost too much to only part of the guest, please.Qiang technology and traditional arts and crafts has its unique feature.Qiang building technique and technology of the bleaching for thousands of years of its own;The invention of the patent protector, it also contributes a lot;Smelting and forging technology has been developed.Other nitrate, sulfur, ZhiHuang smoke technology has also been a.Qiang mathematics, calendar calculation, such as astronomical knowledge self-enclosed, qiang medical qiang medicine for thousands of years and generation contribution to the health of the qiang people.Since the reform and opening, the modern science and technology further qiang areas.Qiang people now have their own scientists and academic leaders, science and technology contribution rate has doubled in the social and economic development, the qiang people's economic and social landscape has undergone earth-shaking changes.
Eight, the 3rd
Married women worship every March 3 empress bodhisattva, pray that god will give children, for children safe.
9, March 12
March 12 every year, to slaughter a sheep in the stockade, pray for land bodhisattva bless harvest, and avoid the road one day, ban passing into the villages, this day is called "green crops will".
Ten, July 7
Unmarried women each year on July 7th "smart tooth will" to do.The invitation nearby girls, gathering together, singing and dancing, enjoy happiness.
November 11, a
Every year on November 1st, to the cow king temple incense, some wax, burn money, and slaughter a sheep, chickens, begged the ox king bodhisattva bless oxen and peace.This day, QuanZhai cattle take a day off, say again so "cattle king".
Twelve, mountain king
"Mountain king" is begged the mountain king bodhisattva bless animals prosperity, a good harvest.Will do, when to slaughter a sheep.Mountain king the duration of the each village will be different.
13, goddess of mercy
"Guanyin", "three times a year, for the first time is March 19, the second is on June 19, the third time is September 19th, pray to guanyin bodhisattva bless village population size in peace.
14, sichuan will master
"Sichuan main meeting", every June 24, held for the unit with the village, chuan main offering.QuanZhai rest in the day, wear a new a flower, singing and dancing, I bulk sample, is the largest temple fair.
15 and worship
Traditional unified annually held in lunar June 24th, then due to the effect of Chinese areas, June 24, will merge to worship, the jade emperor, sichuan and the Lord will, size is very big, often have TiaoShen activities, the number of hundreds to thousands of.Also women worship god with Chinese empress will merge, the content is different from the international working women's day, to worship god and entertainment is given priority to, for women to participate in.
Qiang custom taboo
1, the taboo.Offering mountain ceremony for the most solemn festival, also known as the "gods", "tower", "mountain king".Sacrifice to pray the god to bless people and prosperity, good harvest, trees flourish, all is well.During the period of sacrifice, it is forbidden to collect firewood into the mountain hunting.Qiang to summer drought, so the rain for the family of a regular religious activities.Rain must search before mountain, that is, forbid anyone to dig up the hill cutting wood, medicine or hunting.Unmarried women are not allowed to attend mountain rain events.Condemned search if found violations in the mountains, and, untilbleedingIs the check.People not to please god, or a rain.
2, avoid production.When pig breed in the home to article tied bamboo sticks on the door,A pregnant womanThe pull of, or the fetus will die.If encounter the sow breed newborn piggy and other animals, 3 days have shed from pregnant couples off-limits.Avoid mothers giving birth in a room, must to the lowest level of home delivery.Women shall not be under month into the towering, otherwise you will offends bodhisattva in the kitchen and home god;Also don't see a stranger, timid around strangers people bring the ghost.
3, in the taboo.The home hasThe deadLine, funeral 5 days to avoid with outsiders.Her husband has just died a widow, you must turn a few green crops bodhisattva circle, wooden comb to comb my hair, can meet with other people.
4, living custom taboo.Avoid touch the bronze mirror, conch shells.Due to theThe childClose to wear more bronze mirror, nail cap on conch shells, used to ward off evil spirits.If touch strangers, offend gods, in children.Avoid strangers into the patient's bedroom, the taboo is put a bench in front of its gate.Avoid straw hats in that hat called ghost.Buckle the fear will be a cross on the bowl chopsticks, avoid a small handleless wine cup, worship ghost ceremony is so.Lunar day avoid is Shouting loudly, and should be the poker, chopper, rope, because these things as inauspicious.In addition, the clan and heishui cream, etc.