What are the traditional festivals of tujia people
The origin of tujia
Its origin is divided, said today (Monday) for seed;Say from guizhou move for ancient xiangxi's quite a;Even before and after the tang dynasty to the early years of the five dynasties 910, from jiangxi move xiangxi baiyi artisans, others believe is the offspring of the han Chinese garrison soldiers and aboriginal women.According to fudan university, according to the result of the tujia paternal genes selective tujia patriarchal lineage in altai descent, for the most, accounts for about 28% of roughly the xiongnu and xianbei ethnic,;The second was the more 25%;As the main body of tujia language and culture source hidden day instead of myanmar in third place in the three sources, accounted for 21% among, like;There are 7% and 14%, ethnic han indo-european of 5% shall be for five hu jie and the rouzhi roamed,.
Tujia through history books recorded in late tang dynasty formally appearing in jiangyuan, altai elements in tujia language, linguistics research, and the paternal genes result, epic records, tujia and generally known, tujia five native hu in wuling mountain area is formed after the integration, dominated by five hu in the qiang di, doping altai, hundred the elements of national culture, basic forming in the late tang dynasty.Nonetheless, tujia nationality is still a nation, hidden Burma, the core of culture is the culture we and clan, myanmar and myanmar, and the Tibetan, yi, manny's clan, Karen, if open race, jingpo ethnic kachin, bai, hani, Su Su menpa minority and one, naxi, qiang, lahu, pumi, jino, such as the moinba nationality are the ethnic brothers, earlier came to hide day myanmar national member of east Asia, which denied the above hypothesis.
In the history of the feudal economy from five generations of 907 ~ 979 years, has a certain development, the qing dynasty yongzheng "gai-tu-gui-liu policy", 1723 ~ 1735 years later, gradually transition to the landlord economy.Before the founding of the social economy in the feudal lords economic development stage.After the founding of new China, the social reform, and miao jointly established two autonomous prefecture.
Tujia traditional festival
1, driven in:
Had driven in tujia customs, that is, one day ahead of the han nationality, on December 28, on December 29, special dinner, to the twelfth month 30 as New Year's eve shou sui, therefore the tujia people have two new years.
February 2, 2:
Land bodhisattva birthday, the day with wine and land BaBa worship god, every family housing pawn, have an earth temple, also known as the land when fang, have "guest is far not afraid, when fang land tube".This day, people paid great attention to the sunny or rainy weather, the farmer's proverb has cloud: "grandfather sun sweating land, a bowl of qiao son play one stone;Land father-in-law dozen umbrella, a dou qiao son play a bowl ".
graveHang blue, holiday, the average family, all want to eat pig head meat, has "the clear drunk, the pig skull relish".
4, cattle group:
April 18th day, legend is ox king bodhisattva birthday, cattle to rest for a day, the holiday and feed to cattle good material, such as soybean, cleaning the bullpen, people also have to kill chickens and kill pig, pilgrimage.
Has a head, two, three duanyang.Fifth, 15, 25, in the first dragon-boat festival grand, it is typically the tofu package dumplings, after get married daughter son-in-law home "dragon-boat festival".The so-called "intentional happy New Year, dragon boat not late", explain the importance of this festival.The Dragon Boat Festival, each are gathering mugwort, calamus, hung on the door first, such as wind cane with these grass rattan boil waterTake a shower, can go to rheumatism, blister sores.So have "ai Ye Ruqi buford, calamus sword, the thousand auspicious" antithetical couplet.Drink realgar wine, giveThe childWearing red orpiment, and around the well house and realgar is also an important folk customs of the Dragon Boat Festival, because has the function of the anti insect plague realgar.
6, guests:
Sun dragon robe, also called for a new section or changxin as tribute.Tujia on this day will be at homeThe quiltClothes drying.In addition, this day is also called changxin as tribute section, melon and fruit grain some began to mature, can eat, called taste a fresh delicacy, corn wine to worship god.
Seven and a half day:
Holidays to burn money, so-called half a piece of paper, ancestor worship, it is said that before, during and after the half dead fathers are back, and also some people describe a half as the ghost festival, the so-called small as abortion.
Tujia and the second quarter as hefeng sections, the lunar July 12, 13 these two days, the parents to pick out the married daughter be home to ancestor worship activities.And women go out much, because this day to the district towns "rounds", watch the recreational activities of the girl and young wife, so it is also referred to as "daughter".Generally wear dress very beautiful on this day, young men and women, free association, love affairs, for young people, and has not only limited to a minority of men and women to join.
Eight,The double ninth festival：
Have big chongyang small chongyang.Big chongyang 19, small chongyang double ninth, up the mountain to pick mushroom, the so-called chongyang bacteria.
9, wash god:
Old tujia besides god believe in white tiger, also big, two, three gods "house of god, and during the first year after yearKill pigSlaughtered sheep, men and women, old and young with the national costume for "god", put dishes that look offerings, by the teacher that wizard, hand hold knife, token, brag Angle for god, exorcism dance.And then by a group of men and women play fire sticks three feet of a bamboo poles, painted in red and green colors, through the bamboo, filling and tung oil, cloth light, disk turning around, jump folk dancing.
Tujia customs and taboos
Tujia's taboo number is 36.In tujia mind, and this number is a "doom", even 3 jins 6 two or three dollars Angle, 3 ft 6 Numbers also on the list of taboos.Such as serial number, after the row to 35, and starting from the first.In life, the most afraid of 36 years old birthday.Wear red cloth, underwear, or a red belts, it is said that this can RangXie ShaQi from 36.Proverb cloud: "thirty-six, somersaults in 36, don't engage in a lawsuit to sell houses."Some people came to 36 years old this year, invite friends and relatives, furnish banquets, He Sheng birthday ahead of time, the guests in his houseSet off firecrackersTo avoid ShaQi, benches, more to the relatives and friendsThe birthdayThe congratulations, good luck.
Communication taboo
Tujia ethnic foreign jiyong tujia language, avoid using foul language, every word, and not polite language;The younger generation to your elders fear call names, equals call names avoid without name, avoid is called "catch," between men and women;The younger generation to your elders avoid is called "catch,";Avoid long call, such as "ah -";Patients avoid said, "is not high, is not long, dead, dead, dead" etc.;Someone died, avoid say "death", and use "dead" and "dead", "left", such as alternative, said to the businessman cream "folding, loss, damage, loss, etc.Avoid is men and women to sit a bench or relative to sit back and hit a jealous manA womanThe waist.Avoid or when other people always meet people spit.Avoid a beard.Marriage festival, are not allowed to say "separate, separation", more can't talk about the funeral, otherwise, that will lead to disaster.
Travel is taboo
Travel avoid is 7, 9, 8 avoid returning home, built between said "seven out of eight not be, every nine to go out to others".Tujia also believes that the snake of the lunar January, April, July, October, during the chicken, cattle in March, June, September, are the red evil spirit day, avoid is out of town."Go out in the red evil spirit, to return home".People go out to visit friends and relatives or business, the most taboo in the first person is a woman, if met, should not go out, to go out again the next day.If the first met are men, the second is a female, don't avoid.
Learn the ropes taboo
Tujia men are strictly forbidden to someone else touch his head, no matter what goodwill or other reasons.Except their grandparents, their parents.Proverbs cloud "man waist head, daughter, only see, no scratch."Common letter and touched the man's head, is a violation of the dignity of man, it is a good friend, also must strictly abide by this taboo, or you will make the friendship into a triangle.
One million head of taboo
1, in case of a solar eclipse, or lunar eclipse, and believe the country is disorderly, the people have a disaster, beating drums to less.
2, think the crow called someone died or been fierce;In the middle of the night there will be a cock crowsfireAnd a thief.
3, avoid is sneezing, think behind someone speak ill of yourself, or use magic to their hurt.So tujia to random cursed: "I good heart good, bad guys tell me rotten teeth box."Can disappear.
4, avoid is dream, dream water to tears, dream white cloth to mourning - dream children to prevent thieves;Dream chickens, birds, fish have a quarrel, jump, sick, dream up a good thing, downhill to back...
Animal taboo
1, avoid caw, all the crow in the morning on the roof, or fly, overhead disk turning in front of people, and after you away, come again, people will think that is a disaster at the beginning of a symptom of bad luck, when people meet, then immediately stamped painful scold: "short your life!"Immediately spit or even a bite, so as to eliminate evil, evil to ji.
2, avoid is smell a cuckoo di, each spring, YangQiao open, if a man when he first heard YangQiao toilet, is considered bad luck, RangXie must be conducted.Its RangXie method is to find (if young, must RangXie) on his behalf by his mother dressed as a beggar, 1-3 days, go begging please m, should be not smell the voice of the chicken breeds of wild cook cooked food, can eliminate the evil.Tujia also in the sound of the cuckoo azo dye crows in divination myself a year of luck.If sleep in a bed early smell cuckoo cry, is prosperous, if being walking or labor production at the beginning of time, mean self-built will labor time in a year.
3, avoid smell owl call, in tujia mind of ominous bird owl, especially taboo to hear the singing, hear an owl call murakami willThe dead。
4, avoid see snake wrapped, the so-called snake around which snakes mating.Legend if people see it, will be destruction.Its RangXie method has two: one is to hurry up the road outside his pants off, cover cap on his head or in the snake.Second, meanwhile, and if there is a companion, immediately call for company name, if the other party agreed to, the evil will come in response to the body.General situation is, however, see two snake killed with a stone or wood, can eliminate the evil.Also not dozen and resolve with language word yue: "I wish you heaven becomes an immortal, I wish you a twisted rope wear copper";Dissolve the ci of the tujia yue: "is the ascension of the dragon, is the drill grass snake, is people get rich"
5, big festival livestock house, mega "pig is poor, the dog to the rich, the cat to wear a gown";Wild raccoon dog into the house, chicken on the tree, the dog in the house, no harm shall be a curse, undead to take off the shell;All out for business or to act as matchmaker, hear the crow called, "bad luck, will be back.