The origin of the hani nationality

Hani nationality is one of 55 minorities in our country, has a population of 1253195 people, mainly living in yuxi city, yunnan province, honghe hani and yi autonomous prefecture, pu 'er city, xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture of honghe river, the lancang river and threatened, ailaoshan area along the coast.Mainly engaged in agriculture, they are industrious and brave, and be good at reclaiming terraces.Have in October (,), (such as bitter firm firm) festival in June.The hani people use hani language, yi zang myanmar belongs to the sino-tibetan language dialects.Ha, green card, hao white 3 dialects and languages and the parties contains several kinds of dialect.

Does not have its ethnic hani original text, in 1957, in the form of the Latin alphabet, on the basis of the ha of the dialect, hani times dialect dialect, with green spring county da-zhai hani language pronunciation as the standard, established a set of hani language.

Hani's traditional festival

1. In June

The point of hani called library firm firm ", time for a summer on 26 June, therefore also called "year" in June.

In June is also a happy holiday, honghe region called "bitter firm firm", before, during and after the date are on June 24, the feast for three to six days.Festival, killing cows offering for the unit with the village "autumn", beef families points back to the ancestor worship, youth together "swing", wrestling, hunting, sing folk songs, enjoy happiness.

Legend, in ancient time, hani people don't know to a few months, a year later, the sun and the moon to hani people are of the monthly, planted a tree years among us, a tree is a, hani people share the first 9:13, from now on, just had in June "libraries'.And he said, in the past seven fairy to hani village, made a grinding, they take turns to play, to stand on the right of birds also laugh.The birds sing with joy and singing touched by god, the god gave the f down to earth...People think of hand-woven cloth, every year a "library firm firm to swing.

Honghe hani, the southern bank of mainland also cross over the years, dragon-boat festival and the Mid-Autumn festival.Over the past three to five days, conditional familyKill pigAncestor worship, the first to eat dumplings, treat each other between relatives and friends.Dragon Boat Festival andThe Mid-Autumn festivalGenerally with Chinese customs.

For three days, June 23, QuanZhai 竜 god, to kill a cow offering the offering 竜 beef between families.June 24, people all want to take a day off at home, each kill a chicken, parents give their children retribution, first by the village called outside into the room, a wide range of retribution, daily production labor everywhere to call.Beast terrified, thunder was the place to fall and the call to, can't let the soul under the frightened place to hide.Think called, the person's body will be strong, the night of June 25, with cattle bones and muscles at the dung, with dry reed or flammable tree into a torch, lit from home after away nian, the disaster and ghosts out evil spirit.And then tied the torch in the trees, torch well god protect crops and livestock growth, not by pests, don't get sick.

2. Eat new valley

Honghe hani, first dragon day of the seventh lunar month, has the tradition of eating new valley "".Eat new valley on this day, every household in accordance with the old rules, should be just the dew in the east, the sky was a fish-belly grey to their paddy field back to pull a small bundle of rice roots with ear.Should choose when pulling rice plants in every single rice hole, no birth, when back to acquaintances without warning, otherwise thought not.

Back in the afternoon, the morning spikes to rub the corn, the shells in the pot roast until the flowers.Before you eat rice flower, should give the dog eat a little bit.Hani in a large because of the ancient legendThe floodAfter the seed is a dog diao, so thanks to it.Eat rice flower, also want to bring out the plant melons vegetables beans all taste a fresh delicacy, at the same time be sure to eat a bowl of tender shoots, as a symbol of imaging hsinchu next year successively higher;Even kill eat yan big fat chicken, always happy happy life fullness in the coming year.

(3) years in October

The biggest festival of the hani nationality is both in "October", before and after the last six days, the date after the village can be first.The lunar October, haney said it is "happy".According to their ancient calendar, lunar calendar October the first, dragon is the beginning of the New Year on the first day of (the equivalent of the han nationality).Festival held every village street party is called the "eight" posture.

According to the lunar calendar in October,riceJust into the storehouse, every household ground glutinous rice BaBa, baked sweet "stuffy wine pot", ready to chooseBelong to the dragonTo celebrate New Year's day.Before the New Year, people outside the home, every corner of the stockaded village clean, thenTake a showerChange clothes.

New Year's day, each stockade to kill a pig.The pork, big or small, according to the average distribution, even if the heart, liver, lung, intestine, stomach, such as limited number, also want to every family to.In the afternoon, families with pork and share offering water ancestors, offering a dragon tree, village god for human and animal peace, good harvest, the street splendidly.At the best, the best dishes on the table for the game, see who do delicious, do good.Please sainted old man sitting first, and then you sat on both sides of the table to propose a toast to the old man, then each other respect, harvest festival, I wish QuanZhai peace, good crop next year, we unite as one to striving for a bumper harvest.After the meal, middle-aged women took up the banquet in the bowl of a bowl of dance, the girls dancing palm fan palm leaf, until the sun set.Banquet fire ignited, men mans drum strikes, jumped up and mysterious mountain, people enjoy a jump, heartily singing, calm down until the next morning.Near festival family reunion, also invited friends to participate in other nation.Their joy all the day, especially not sing folk songs, ancient tells of the origins of the festival and national history, sing the joy of harvest.

It was DaChun, stables middle pig fat of season, conditional the somebody else all murder, pounded BaBa glutinous rice, steamed rice cakes, dyed yellow sticky rice offer fathers heaven and earth;Men, women and children were the new, relatives and friends to visit each other;More than a boy's family in the festival, please matchmaker to act as matchmaker, married girl also want to take the wine, meat and BaBa sacrifice ancestors back Chinese New Year;Take the old people in the village to the received an engagement gift or have somebody else to visit home girl, share some gifts.Sumie part of the hani nationality, often in the festival the whole family dinner party () bring their own food, there is also a kind of special customs, namely married a year before the brides, set in the village in the mountains to tell each other your new life, and it is forbidden to man eavesdropping.

In the second half of the New Year, each stockaded village to be placed in the center of the village long splendidly, the whole village drink, to celebrate the symbol of unity, they auspicious happiness traditional festival.This symposium is a long dragon, therefore calls "dragon feast";Because in the street and people call it "street wine".If it is a little village, street one afternoon wine can end, if set, then the door is divided into three groups, three in the afternoon, take turns to do the hosts in each group.

According to the agreed time, host families, in the early morning the square table to clean the street, one by one, put the table together as more than 100 meters long.In the afternoon, after a word, host families people scrambling to put good food and fine wine is placed on the table.The dining tables, the better, which would have a decent, so many people even loathe to give up his usual eat delicacies offered one by one.Birds, fish, jiang 鳅, carp, bamboo shoots, edible fungus, mushrooms, big fat chicken...Table every 20 bowls, table, show the results of hani people toil and traditional cooking skills, show a longest hani's grand banquet.In the lively atmosphere of gongs, people according to different age, interest and hobby voluntary association.Gong to cease at this moment, gong gong hand end up the drum table to accept people toast offered food.Then, on behalf of the people by a girl toast grandmothers.Women eat first, then men move chopsticks.For hours of street booze, sweet and harmonious, beaming, our song.

When night falls, piles of burning fire, young men and women with the drums, three-stringed, bamboo flute music, dance.That night, people gradually went away, toward the palm grove, girls, that couples cannot clump.

Section 4. The girl

Yuan Yang county of yunnan province green mountain area of hani, February 4 to celebrate the lunar calendar day special girl.

This day, chicken is not called, the men were first pick back to carry water, day just awning, then cut back to a bundle of sticks, then, a fire boil water, put the washing water respectfully end to women took up.Then the men to cook, wash dishes, chop, dish washing, with foodThe childAnd women sit idly, or do some needlework, or command men what to do.Not married girls, is not even sewing to do.

After lunch, men hurried to the village in the public places of entertainment, according to the customs, the first is devised, after to for lazy people.Boys to lover borrowed clothes new women's pants, dressed as a girl's appearance, dance in the cheerful strings, until the sun to go home to cook, women continue to serve until late at night.

Girl festival tradition originated from an ancient legend, a long time ago, and surrounded, mountain springs gurgling, trees luxuriant green village, a born than girls, beautiful girl, named yomor.Yomor ending period love with handsome and energetic young hunter.But, at that time the hani girls marriage is up to toast the heads and parents.Yomor parents betrothed her to a one-eyed son of white bread.Yomor bitterly painful, she is determined to die to express the pursuit of love.February 4 day, yomor alone while draw the outline of the mountains cutting wood, met a village and village three girl.Yomor telling them about his misfortunes, drew three girl and wept.Originally, they also is the unfortunate marriage.Four girls forget to chop wood and forget to go home, at the top of the hill each anguish, v. more to worry about, the more v. sad, just threw himself together.

After the tragedy, hani people feel can no longer interference in girls and boys marriage, especially for girls, more should give them the right to choose Mr Right.To warn the posterity, hani people put every February 4 as a "girl's day", to show respect for women and for freedom of marriage.

This area of the hani nationality young men and women free love, will choose the dayTo get marriedI, don't, don't do, with sweet tea to entertain guests to come to congratulate.

5. Day for the old

Every year the lunar month, 15, is the day for the old hani. Early in the morning, the old man after wash and dress put on new clothes ready to celebrate their own festival. Adults kill chickens slaughtered ducks in the home, food caterers, the guy will be a small pine tree beside the holiday flat field, the girls picked to water to make root watered it, symbol of young people wish the old man longevity and health, like the pine eternal youth.

6. In the main section

Living in honghe hani worship at the edge of the cuckoo, the cuckoo is addressed "close wave armagh" (cuckoo mom).Each to camellia in full bloom in March, men and women, old and young, as long as the first time I heard the cuckoo's singing, everyone with a cry, "I heard the answer," said the joy of spring.Sound is said to be the answer, can make the diligent and kind of hani farm for good harvest and animals, at the age of peace KTS.

According to legend, the cuckoo is influenced by wave to send the m o god, from the distant sky fly out of the stone cave, to communicate the message of spring in the world.As it flew over a named "lane nest, collapses hemp"The seaWhen not fly, see almost fell into the sea.Suddenly, out of the sea dragon tail to cock, then beaten into a leafy tree, cuckoo to rest on it.The cuckoo finally struggled to of spring in the message to the world.

According to the rules inherited from the former generations, for most people hear the cuckoo calls after, will meet in aBelong to the sheepDays, with delicious food caterers, with a big tree flower juice soak glutinous rice, steamed out sipped golden sticky rice, boiled red duck eggs, to the cuckoo reverently laid.This day, CunCunZhaiZhai boys and girls all smiles, dressed in ceremonial dress, converged on a lawn, moderate "Lord" in the day of celebrating the annual (Spring Festival), so as to select the object, love affairs., choose a good day, the birds did not out of the nest, even at four mountains of silence, parents quietly with three plexus seedlings planted in his field, which means, "rail door open., it is said that the "rail door open" did not hear the voice of the birds, the crops can escape the elimination, obtain good harvest.

7. To catch the grasshopper section

Catching grasshopper festival, hani language is called "package to read", in the "year" in June (every year the lunar June 24th) after the first oneroosterorA monkey,Held.Living in the mountains, the hani rice planting season."In June", rice began heading, to ensure that the rice harvest, hani people is done "section to catch the grasshopper" to remove and prevent pests.

Catching grasshopper festival this day, all the stockaded village men and women, old and young to work in the fields to catch itself, each catch enough a bamboo slips (after about 2 kg), the grasshopper one is scattered into four parts: the first pile, leg a pile, a pile, wing a pile;Turn open at ridge and bamboo clip up in the gutter, to has not been caught in time in order to intimidate locusts and other insects.After half an hour, but also to the grasshopper in the bamboo tube.Back to the house food or eat BaBa, it is said that the grasshopper meat is very sweet.When leaving the field, people are constantly called out: "oh, grasshoppers, don't catch you in three days, three months you don't want to eat rice!"

8. Eat hanis living

Hani area, around the lunar July, grains gradually mature families to choose their own good to "card horse" (eat new meters) activities.Holiday when parents back to the laundry list some heads of grain to the field back hanging on the door, and get a rice and common rod made from protect a wave "nest", to play in front of the "by" (warehouse 竜) three times, said to eat a new food, pray for gods to bless the food more, people don't get sick, livestock thrive.To kill a laying hen offer rice, Chinese New Year when kill pig intestine, pig ears and tail will god till then.When eating new meters to cook the old meade and new rice mixed together, this is called "I drink to plunge into" (that is, the old and new alternate), mean old valley old meade to new tricomi listed, pray for every year.

9.,

", "is one of the largest festivals, hani because between lunar October, so it is also called" translation of wax and solid ", namely in October.Hani according to the ancient calendar, their new old alternate between lunar October, marked the end of September as late as the beginning of October.There is no specific fixed time limit between old and new, but the old number, form, lunar October each year, the first dragon day as the start of the New Year, equivalent to the han nationalityThe Spring FestivalOn the first day,) is the end of last year.According to the tradition of this nation, during the festival must kill pigs, chickens, ducks, pounded BaBa glutinous rice, glutinous rice dumpling.In order to send out and the New Year, pilgrimage, etc.New Year's day, QuanZhai to kill a pig, the pig is called a "bomb", meaning "common points".The "boom" the pig, big or small, must be equally QuanZhai account.And the pig liver, intestines, stomach, heart, lung, and so on, even if only a little, also want to every family to.Its aim is to QuanZhai families, with a head of pig meat, various worship their ancestors, respectively.

Ritual activities, is ", "one of the important content.Before the festival, each according to his family tradition, began to undertake a variety of ritual activities.Start with a gate or kill chickens and sacrifice in the courtyard, the purpose is offering those who died in a strange land family or the villagers, think they will go home during Chinese New Year, but their ghosts can't into the house, so you must worship them at the door.", "the same day as the hani family reunions, generally soon married sister, no matter noTo have a childPlease check back, all want to live a couple of days.

Section 10. "good"

"Good", is the hani Chuo area including yuanjiang county, one of the three largest festival, although less ", "and" bitter firm firm "so grand, but it is particularly important, local thought of the hani nationality, this section, however, has not really came to the New Year, the beginning of October is just a beginning."Good color" is the meaning of "dyed yellow rice", the local han called "yellow rice festival" or "year" in February.Local hani section by offering a storehouse the meters and the angel of god cuckoo and bitter "pen" birds, so holiday is in hear the cuckoo and bitter "pen" after the first call of birds, choose a pig, end of the day of the holiday season.

11. "in contrast to plunge into 'section

"In contrast to plunge into 'section, a summer" in contrast to plunge into firm "in May each year, ailaoshan area in southern yunnan is one of the important traditional festival of the hani nationality, lasted for three to five days, its very grand celebration activities.When the busy spring production has ended, in midsummer, both social entertainment and wish "good harvest, human and animal health.General with into a summer for on May the first monkey, the first day of the festival, some regions are in the"The Dragon Boat Festival"Or" torch festival "during the holidays.

12. "bitter to plunge into" section

"Bitter to plunge into" is a traditional festival of the hani nationality, xishuangbanna area from the lunar calendar the first of JuneBelong to cowDay (a day of hani people), feasts three days to five days, during the holidays, people stop up the mountain and productive labor, beer and skittles, at home or go out to walk close bunch of friends.Held during the festival, but also the horse racing, gyro, bamboo dance and other activities.

Hani customs and taboos

(a) production taboo

1, avoid breaking is exalted for spiritual, divine, flowers, trees, etc.

2, can't literally broke into the village making forest land grazing, cutting wood.

3,The tigerThrough its already planted fields not auspicious, land owners to retribution.

4, eagles' feathers fall into in the field is not auspicious, retribution.

Section 5, the same cane on two or more of the melon is not auspicious, necessary to the crossroads.

6, taboo woman across the plough, rake, cordelle, shotguns, bows and arrows, and carpenter tools.

7, uphill hunting, meet on the wayA pregnant womanDon't.

8, on the first day, the dragon day, autumn day in production activities is prohibited.

9, pregnant women picking flowers and climbing.

(2) life taboo

1, no spitting into the fire, defecation, water, and pour dirty things or crossing the fireplace.

2, can't literally mobile fireplace, stove, livestock manure.

3, not by the day, to call names.

4, does not damage the crow, and magpie, cuckoos, owls, swallow is considered to have spiritual bird, etc.

5, the dog on the roof is not auspicious.

6, the rooster hen don't.

7, steaming food, ZengZi hum inauspicious.

In 8, the snake, crab mating inauspicious.

9, oxtail around the tree.

In 10, out of town, or go home, the rat snake across inauspicious.

11, the room pillar, avoid is not auspicious words.

12, banned a white cloth cap.

13, the comet appeared as hoodoos.

14, pig, dog, in the home production pups alone, or from the female cub is ominous, birds will be sent to the crossroads, and slaughtering his mother set the meal in village.

Fifth, 14, 15 and monthly 20 is not an auspicious day, don't go out, be in business, building up the house, such as weddings and funerals.

16,Have a meal, can't will buckle the bowls, cups, can't pass the chopsticks inserted in the rice on the other;Playing children can't use chopsticks.

17, during the Spring Festival, the woman shall not be arbitrarily into people recruited somebody else.

18, rainbow heaven, can't use fingers, couldn't go on the water, drink water.

19, believes that some animal sign phase grams, such as:A tigerCan't withA snakeTo get married.

20, big can't call elders, wearing clothes in front of elders, cross your legs.

Play, children can't ride a pig or a dog. 21.

22, a crow fell roof, wild bees in the roof, not auspicious.

23, avoid birds excrement on head or shoulder, if any, will be poured in coir raincoat for three or seven surnamed family after dinner, to DuiFang to eat, to the omen.

24, a wake, prohibited from catThe coffinThe skip.

25, to a strange place, cannot comment there landscape style.

26, do tofu, refined lard, and women have children, not allowed into the room.

The various taboos, circulating in the old man, more young generation tends to indifference.