The origin of the yao nationality

Yao is an ancient ethnic minorities in China, mainly living in the mountains.Self-proclaimed "mian", "golden gate", "steadfastly", "bean" and "black especially given", "yoga", etc.Yao nationality has its own language, spoken Chinese.In 1982, the central university for nationalities, in the form of 26 Latin alphabet, text (mian language) is designed.Historically, yao and miao have close kinship, with the "wuling pretty" tribes from qin and han dynasties.

The yao people's longevity, beauty has made notable achievements and skill level, is the world recognized the fact.Yao medicine to treat cancer, lupus erythematosus, gynecopathy, fracture, the effect of rheumatism and bitten by poisonous snakes and other disease, always get the majority of patients accepted.Yao believed in Taoism and shamanistic, few in the mountains of few characteristics.provides also good at maoshan witchcraft.

Yao's traditional festival

1. The folk festival

Yao national holiday is more, in addition toThe Spring Festival、The qingming festival、The Dragon Boat Festival、The Mid-Autumn festivalThereof, and their own traditional festivals, such as the panwang festival, the Spring Festival, of section, play song hall, pa ah section, etc.Festival because the person is more, the meal generally don't iron DingGuo boiled, and steam with wood zhen, the rice aroma is more strong.In festival.Yao BaBa somebody else to do.Festival main dishes are chicken, duck, fish, pork, bean curd, bean thread and various vegetables.In some places the yao seiqnyied bat also cook umea rice.In river county, hunan province of yao nationality girl, April 8th lunar calendar when a picnic festival to eat eggs, making BaBa, eat sugar.The girls eat flowers BaBa, eggs, sugar and the young man is not allowed to peep, offenders will be punished.

Section 2. The song hall

"Play song hall" festival, also called "playing at" section, is guangdong province south yao autonomous county, lianshan yao yao autonomous county the grand festival "play" song hall of the people is yao language transliteration, meaning.Festival is also a song contest in young men and women find friends.Three to five years, generally in the autumn season, October 16, lasted three days, nine days.

"Play" song hall is eight characteristics.provides harvest festival, the most was the largest traditional festivals.According to the "guangdong new threads" load: "midwinter age 16, never put off till tomorrow what you can cover the field work, also will ZhuYao to temple, yue play song hall, men and women with set to sing, dance and freedomTo get marriedVery simple manners ".Therefore, yao in the lunar October 16 "play song hall" is the spread history festival in a year of hard labor for harvest of traditional festival.

Play song hall can be divided into the big hall and small song hall, large song hall 9 lasted three days, held once every ten years, little song hall last day, in a few years.A big or small song hall, is determined by each row of public consultation, but time is set in the lunar October 16.This day, and all the yao common holiday - "the panwang festival", and even the south eight rows yao is called "play song hall".First between June and July, families began hoarding food, soybeans, fattening pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks, etc."Last male", "leader", "Mr Justice must advance party elders", agreed song hall spending money, and then on to making donations, used to repair the temple in the row, paint a refurbished pangu statue of the king and the surname ancestor of the statue, buy wine meat, incense and other song hall.

Families told the relatives and friends, doubts will invite them to play.At the same time, the cow slaughter pigs, kill chickens and ducks, grinding zi ba, brewed rice wine, tofu, do to entertain the quartet guests.Nowadays, with the development of production, the continuous improvement of living standards and improve the yao cellular "play" song hall, also give the new content.Play on the day of song hall, YaoJia family get up early, early in the morning first sound soil spear ring, then the causeway jingle, ox horn doodle, long drum bang bang, celebrating the traditional festivals.

Play the first song hall ceremony, is "god".Three soil spear cannon escorting, then by yao a old man, namely murakami's authority, gong leads the tandem crossing the street parade, behind the old man with two bruiser, hands QingJu one strain with branches with leaves of bamboo (bowl is bulky, how long is three zhangs, the so-called "trail of bamboo").Bamboo hanging the corn, grain, take note, variegated silk ribbon, etc.Complications is found after bamboo gods team, which is the long drum team, causeway, suona, cover song collection, female song,The childTeam and carried the spear, sword and three teeth fork, shotgun weapons such as hunting, majestic, rugged, drum music, dance, travel around the streets of the platoon.The parade every corner, corner, where there are people to issue zi ba bread fruit, gives the wine to treat.Marchers hang for yao bag to bring these items, namely each a bowl of wine, drink off.At the moment, yao shanzhai, stream of people dance dragon, colorful costumes.Chorus danced impacted rough long drum dance, long teng hu yue, very spectacular.And "dangdang, blare, hum, snooker" GuJiao voices, to break out, from the mountains, people immersed in singing dancing.

God end, all share first JiuFan delicacies.After cracking, people come to "ping song hall", "song and dancing".At this moment, yao girls dressed in costumes, the neck is a silver ring, head plate with wild semen coicis strings of beads, Shan Shan and arranged above the song ping.First by the MC entering the middle ping song hall, sung, the simultaneous and singing, singing shock mountains.Later, yao nationality young man in the other groups, the head wrap red cloth head scarf, high white pheasant ridge, dressed in costumes, waist hangs long drum, whistle, toward the girls jumped up bold, virile long drum dance, dance and sing.General since rush please sing first, then turntable ask song, and sing songs written songs and social.Girls with each other by the question and answer, the image vivid, humorous joke, vivid and profound sayings, interwoven, enjoyable to read.Pour out the one, single men and women to take this opportunity to choose love, very lively.

The state government is "play" song hall of a key link.The purpose is to miss ancestors migrated to yaoshan long hard journey.They put 36 branches in song hall ping bamboo stick, sign, color paper write harmony states, jingzhou, such as the Peugeot, bamboo stick every two meters stike, into a square shape.Then, by the heads of the fathers, and then two, Mr Read the scriptures ahead, then the long drum team, horn, causeway, cover song collection team song, female team lined up, hovering around the axis (state), each state around the nine weeks, like ancient timesThe warMarching array, the scene is very spectacular.

YaoJia have endless song.When people sing enough, tired, drunk, song hall and was chased down the "three" of the ceremony.The so-called "three", namely by three men with black, yellow, white three colors as a black male, yellow face, white face, on behalf of the demon of evil, each person to hang 3 kg pork ran in front, behind, and group of chase.Some raise knife with axes, and some take hoe to take hold, Shouting "kill!Make track for!Beat!"Hunt meat, grab them."The monster" three "whether bumpy, hard out of the dense crowd, to the hill of the fieldescape."Beat three strange" ceremony, until after the escape of exhausted.Then, the three pounds of pork will be played.

"Shooting method" is playing song hall is one of the most spectacular one.Really was a national hero legend method, to expel foreign aggression, protect YaoJia made a contribution.But then the defection QiuRong, ACTS as a spy, introduce the foreign enemy dayaoshan, brought disaster to characteristics.provides that characteristics.provides shot him.Another think that law is a national hero legend, YaoJia every when play song hall to commemorate him.This ceremony has distinguishing feature very much, by a handsome gallant young men dress up the diagnosis, left hand grasp the cock, right hand holding a sword, standing on the wooden ladder, again by several people lift the wooden ladder, demonstrations on ping song hall, and then by several gunmen "blare put a shotgun to heaven".From the point of performance form, reflect the content of the belong to the latter, namely really sing method, as a souvenir.

"Play song hall" the final ceremony is god, namely the statue back to the temple to the ancestors.When the sun sets, the collective to participate in the rituals of has ended, each person go home for dinner.Dinner, the two sides.When some guy yao one's kin, drink while singing is a narrative history or mythology.Yao songs suppress low, past is in sing love song still has a complaint at the time of the marriage of love, is the yao people's one thousand years of oppression of the deep.

Now the local party and government attaches great importance to cultural department yao this traditional festival, even the south yao autonomous county people's government has led, systematically in county big palm oil, ridge, army Lao yao row held several pomp "play" song hall, festivals and invited provincial ethnic affairs in advance, federation, writers association and other units of the guest, poets, artists, musicians, photographers, newspaper and television reporter, to watch, to participate in the celebration.Now every "play song hall" grand festival, yao compatriots will open a loud voice, singing the wise leadership of the communist party, with great enthusiasm by agitation, lyrical and lively song praise YaoJia new life.

3. The drying section

Every year lunar guests, pan yao will ceremoniously GuiPing county in guangxi's annual festival celebration.Holiday morning, young man of households command orderly to carry the box, cabinet and clothes, shoes, etc to bask in GuPing outside the room, opened in the bamboo mat or hung on a bamboo pole, waiting for the strong sunlight, the stockade colorful, become "ocean" clothing.Sun to three or four hours before the clothes and so on in place.By late afternoon, QuanZhai people standing on the sun GuPing, against the setting sun west waved again and again, expressed gratitude and respect of the sun.Section "clothes" families to kill chicken kill ducks, celebration of interest.

Section 4.)

Sod section, is the mouth of yao nationality autonomous county of yunnan province in yaoshan township area indigo yao (yao branch) people's annual holiday.The third of march lunar calendar.

They are from the lunar began to busy in late February.We first agreed on holiday is uphill hunting or fishing in the river, and then separately.Decided to uphill hunting people to burn charcoal, gun, pounded gunpowder, size;Prepared under each river fishing people also implements.Families are made using the best glutinous rice, ready to celebrate "sod festival".Festival that day, up the hill hunting adult men, armed with crossbows, guns, take BaBa journey at dawn.For venison and Shared, if less than prey, will be made fun of.Especially the "cell" (young man) to be "evil spirit" (girl).Therefore, the mountain "cell" is always one thousand ways to fill their carts.This same method applies to all the people under the river to fish shrimp.Old people, women left-behind, busy preparing for the meal, chicken, ducks, colorful sticky rice is cooked, spring BaBa, each wine.In the evening, people return to the village, visit each other, congratulated each other.You take out the sweet rice wine, eating the delicious glutinous rice, will be the day hunting game and fish, and enjoy the meal.Can't eat, leaving part of hanging on the edge of the fireplace, baked sod, leave the guests in the future.In the evening, when darkness enveloped the shanzhai, young men and women after a day of travel, are sitting at the edge of the fireplace, singing and moving yao.After dinner, we gather in the square, the man knocked at the tonggu, whirling about children dance.People enjoy the labor of joy, wish a good harvest, celebrate the festival.

5. The panwang festival

"The panwang festival is the most grand festival, yao" holiday time for the lunar October 16.

But according to yao's traditional customs and regional grain harvest, human and animal KTS, only once every three to five years, even some 12 years once.On "the panwang festival", the village houses to clean, grooming, and change all, singing and dancing, to the best of huan and scattered.In addition, yao also celebrate the Spring Festival,The Lantern Festival, ching Ming festival, duanwu festival, manglietia section (known as the festival of ancestor, time for lunar calendar July 15), etc.On women is not a string of visiting family, don't eat vegetables, some are outside the door or're plugged into a green branches.On the third, fifth, which family don't go out.

The panwang festival can be a one, can also be partnerships or consanguinity kin people gather.But no matter in what form, all want to murder sacrificial, warmly treat friends and family.Holiday for three days and two nights commonly, also some for up to seven days and seven nights.

During the festival, the yao nationality people kill chickens slaughtered ducks, old and young, men and women in festival costumes, gathered together, the first sacrifice pangwang, sing pangwang song, dance yellow encouraged and long drum dance, remember ancestors merits, ancestors heroic fighting spirit.Secondly, harvest celebration, reward pangwang, and joy.At the same time, young men and women engaged in by the activity, seize the opportunity to choose.In some places to play HuaGun, put firecrackers and please act in an opera in vocational school, etc.

The panwang festival ceremony presided over by four is gong, according to fulfill division, the division, to admire the soldiers, the corn, each one aide, a total of eight people, and there are 4 song beloved niang division, six virgins, a long drum artist and suona band to participate in the panwang festival.The traditional model is given priority to with inherited and family.

The ceremony mainly divided into two parts.The first part is "please st, qualifying, glazing, grain, and let Xie Sheng", the suona orchestra accompaniment throughout the service and Confucius jump "pangwang dance" (" two dance ", "to send in troops retreat dance", "about the dance", "the soldiers dance", "catching turtles dance", etc.);The second part is to yao ancestor god and all the people to come to "flow", the flow of yao language means to have fun.This is the main part of the panwang festival, given yao each ancestor god participated in the various entertainment activities, the panwang festival singing performance yao mythology, history, politics, economy, culture and art, social life and so on the history of the long poem "song pangwang big".Stream music ceremony usually held a day to night.

6. Bulls

Yao's cow festival related to agricultural production.In yao nationality areas, is an important work, plough, rake with cow dint field, in the past in some parts of the yao is to transport things by pulling the cow dint, cattle plays the important role in the production of labor, make the person produces the mood of love cattle, cattle, forming a worship of cattle and other bulls and formation.According to folklore, yao a summer each year 4 is the birthday of cattle, so the people will be as a festival on this day.Day, disable a day, not to yell, more cannot use a whip and a stick of cattle.Yao nationality in guangxi tian LuCheng area, cow festival this day, families to kill chickens and kill ducks, pick up, river catch loach to sacrifice to stall.Cow nose ring off, along with three stone, three peaches, 1 small scarecrow symbol (boy) in bamboo basket hanging on the bullpen, commonly known as "confirmed bovine soul".Fuchuan area in guangxi, with wine and peopleeggsMix feed feed cows, the cows are the best place to aquatic plants to herding, and they are sitting on the grass taste of food brought from home.It will be in the evening, wash clean, cattle drive home.After cows back to the bar, incenseSet off firecrackersAnd sacrifice to god, bless cattle without disaster difficult.GuiPing area of yao nationality in guangxi, families with fresh fern leaves, five-colored sticky rice before get stuck for offerings, incense worshipped the cow god, pray for cattle without disaster difficult, animals, good harvest.Then put the sticky rice to feed cattle.

7. Up to day

"Of" is yao language, meaning "don't forget".Festival on May 29th in the lunar calendar.Legend this day, yao is the ancestor "progenitor niang" birthday, so also called "father mother day".

Legend progenitor niang name is luo tuo, she sent three daughter with millet to land reclamation in the mountains.Dense luo tuo send collection of bronze drum to three daughters, and helped her out of the sound, make the grain harvest.Since then, fathers niang third daughter is a good and prosperous life in the mountains, to perpetuate, as yao.The yao nationality people to commemorate the luo tuo, her birthday as "day".

The feast day, yao CunCunZhaiZhai wants to clean, and sweet rice wine and rice BaBa offerings to ancestors niang, according to tradition, every family to kill chickens slaughtered sheep, wearing all young men and women about the booking site, tapping the symbol progenitor niang legacy of tonggu, pious for fathers mother birthday, and wish two prosperous YaoJia human, harvest every year.When performing the drums, the people also rushed to give the best drummers toast drunk, given the name "perfected".In addition to sing "secret luo tuo" down the ancient songs, jump joyful dance, sing progenitor niang meritorious deeds.

8. Adult ceremony

Degrees is the adult ceremony yao man, yao is a kind of unique customs, yao is a man in the growth process can not be less sacred lesson, more grand than marry new girls.Yao don't think that the age of 18 years old is an adult, in their opinion, regardless of size, age as long as the degree of ring, is a man, get the protection of the gods, the social recognition, can serve as QuanZhai office, male the social value of life.No quit or degrees to quit without a man is not a real valuable, there is no social status, can not get the girl's love, can't even find a wife.Older people if not held up, must find opportunities to fill do, or deny the yao people.Circulates, the degree of ring in jiang yao still occupy the important position of social life.

Yao ring is more complex, preparing time is longer.Boy grow up to the age of 10 parents please read Mr Ring year according to his degree, decided to degree of years later, the parents for a year or two in advance to prepare for the degree of ring, and the degree of uncertainty to quit quit years specific time.Time is determined and please teacher, teacher, the more the better.Degree of ring before the boy was to sleep 5 days, by the time the degree of ring ceremony to go out.Professor before the master for the boy to study bible, and to set up the high table action against practice degrees ring ceremony, the traditional way for the boys education, consciously cultivate one's morality under the teacher's teaching.

To quit the multifarious long service and sun has not yet come out, the ceremony began.Master shifu for boy chanting practice things first and then dressed in red of boys in the same god, under the guidance of teachers is a red belt, wearing a yao "has" icon.Lead teachers put a red cloth on his waist, one end of the ribbon tie the other end in the boy's waist, symbol of the disciplesbabyHas not yet leave childbirth matrix.Lead teachers hold excalibur mantra and lead the boys to quit the yard, the road lead teachers also took out ready money to get in the way people early, in order to buy way release., and by the tiantai after lead teachers led the boy under the tiantai turn 3 circles, from left to right and then hand leaves god curse first from the front of the ladder to climb ShangTianTai, read aloud, down to the boy to tiantai table, solve wearing a red cloth, said from niang body birth baby.And told the boy oath, after knocking the wooden ladder to remove.The boy solemnly swear: nokillFire, do not steal to rob, don't turn rape women, not abusive parents, not against a good man...Swear by the completion of the master with a triangle seals in the boy's hands on a red mark, this ring ceremony.

Jiang yao ring with strong national characteristics, this runs through all the nation's traditional moral discipline and precepts, and by means of this form to the coming to the boys traditional moral of the society, at the turning point of life education and make the vow, quit in learning, inheriting and developing national traditional culture has a positive role in promoting.

9. Please convert Lao section

Please convert Lao section, free translation is a bodhisattva to escape evil.This section is divided into two segments, the first is the lunar July 2, held in MaoLe characteristics.provides to this area after the festival, to eat the cucumber and white melon.Legend at the end of song dynasty, the local characteristics.provides ancestors in jiangxi province tian lu, local zhao, lu of the overseers crackdown.July 2, some of themA pregnant womanTaegu cucumber and fled to the gooseneck white melon, cried out to forgive, to survive the death.Therefore swear: preach descendants forever, to over the July 2, can eat the cucumber and white melon, offenders sons don't chang.The second is the lunar July 8th to 10th, held in small ShaJiang, legend of the first year of the qing dynasty yongzheng (1723), a local strong men pursued hemp hole caused by yao four name six sisters resistance, strong but lied about characteristics.provides rebellion, request the qing army crackdown.Characteristics.provides successively in this big ShaJiang and small ShaJiang fight back to hemp pond on risks and keep soldiers had to peace.When characteristics.provides called field kill kill large and small, for the sake of national unity, after to change name big ShaJiang, small ShaJiang.Now holiday, characteristics.provides got all dressed up to the rally site merrymaking, around the han people, was also involved in, people to the party, young men and women the song to dance, love affairs, full of festive atmosphere.

Yao nationality festival, the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, ching Ming festival, DuanYangJie, sod, hanis living, lotus, such as the panwang festival (also called up to day or yao) is one of the biggest festival.Whenever the yao nationality people love singing, holiday or festival, to sing loud and moving song.

10. Please read

Please read, free translation is half a day, a lunar calendar March 15 to 17.This three days, YaoJia shanzhai exult like lighting firecrackers.The bubble in the clear spring green jian long up to the girl, this is the water color jade, slim.Dress up effeminacy drip these days, wearing embroidered shirt, tied with a variety of patterns of lace tight skirt, wearing a silver gold-plated necklace and earrings, with a smile covered in flowers under the umbrella.Boys, head of towel wrapped squares Ze, wear hanging trousers with ethnic characteristics, tiger body is large, strong robust, cute.Even the old man and the lady put on festive costumes, in all directions, bustling gathered in the field tunnel ping town, celebrate the traditional festival.

Yao nationality customs and taboos

Taboo is mainly the production aspect, for the 10th day of the year, 20, 30, "ban wind", the three days may not be a knife mountain, play CaoBiao with rocks pin, in the wind, by removing the cyclone.February lunar calendar month to month for "ban", think that wild animals and crops often water, fire hazard, break prohibition is caused, so abstain a bird, insect, SanJin water, the fire, and five the locust, six prohibited wild boar, abstain seven wild goats, eight rabbits, nine ban rat, 10 banned roe suede.

This ten days not up the hill down labor from taboo.And "empty wu day" avoid hunting, hunting avoid strip, rafting cream "umbrella" (powder), but it takes, a factory, open pits, such as planting farming avoid is not auspicious words, not "Yang public day" in, "the old gentleman," no.Every month the new moon, "15" or "taian day" can, cattle LanFei out the pigsty.

Avoid stretcher with fire;Avoid burn in the stove with words of paper;Enter YaoJia avoid wear white shoes and white cap, because the symbol of mourning;Avoid sitting threshold;Wear sandals cannot go upstairs.

Can't sit housewifeThe fireStool;On the raft, avoid "umbrella", to "umbrella", say "rain", for "umbrella" and "loose" homophonic;When logging in, avoid said, "eat meat", "death" and so on and so on the language of ominous.

Worship pangwang yao in the past generally eating dog;Worship "secret los Tuo" yao in the past, fasting pork meat and eagles.Xiangxi brook south Chen county 5 days before the lunar July fasting, cucumber.Most of the yao nationality prohibiting cat and snake meat.

In some places women behind production days fasting lard.

Yao to god, generally with pigs, chicken, duck, eggs, fish, such as food, avoid is used a dogs, snakes, cats, frog meat.