The appendix 3 architecture geomantic and urban planning

The basic idea of the, ancient architecture geomantic learn

Many archaeological data show that attaches great importance to the people's living environment, this is very important in the Chinese native culture content.As early as six or seven thousand years ago the ancestors' selection and understanding of their own living environment has reached a quite high level.Yangshao culture period, the settlement's location has obvious tendency of "environmental choice", its main performance are: (1) near the water, not only convenient for life water, but also is beneficial to the development of agricultural production.(2) is located in river interchange, the transportation is convenient.(3) in the river terraces, not only has fertile soil, but also can avoidThe floodAttack.(4) as in the hillside, plain field in general.Such as the banpo site is surrounded by hills, two water intersection of ji feng shui on typical pattern.'s enlightening meaning is that these villages by modern villages or towns more pressure, such as henan coast within the scope of a certain period of the flood in 15 discovered 11 in the modern villages, the new Stone Age village site.Coast 70 kilometers, within the scope of the weihe river in gansu was found 69 sites.Visible, the people of ancient times of settlement location factor to consider is very exquisite, the old traditional deep-rooted legacy in later generations of mind, and specific appeared in many modern cities, villages and towns in site selection and construction.Judging from ancient cultural sites cases can also be, people inhabit a region, there has been a relatively clear functional partition., such as the banpo site, cemetery was arranged in residential areas, residential areas and the conscious separation of burial area, became the distinction between meeting, YangZhai precursors.Neolithic primitive living form of continuous improvement, reflects the ability to adapt and change with the environment, the original settlement of the location choice, also reflected the ancient ancestors of living environment quality have a higher level of understanding.In short, at the same time of observation environment, people started to move to choose environment.

From the shells of the palace ruins, people can clearly see that the river and the understanding of the relationship between living environment has reached a quite high level.In this two km northwest henan anyang shang dynasty, is the capital of dynasty shells.Here huan water from northwest and south, and in turn east to.In the river on both sides of the south bank of river in shang dynasty, is the seat of the shang dynasty palace.Palace of the west, south, southeast and east of the capital city, is a civilian and small and medium-sized aristocratic residence, workshop and cemeteries, etc;The north shore of hou home village, village of military attache to shang king and nobles tomb area.Need to emphasize that the palace area, residential area and production area, the mausoleum area, they are all located in the river twists and turns arms, which fully proves that the later geomantic learn in pursuit of "song you ji" concept has a long history.As in the boshan ship article on water ", said: "the tide tomas, water rich.Bending ring twists and turns, water expensive."Jiang Pingjie the hoses, also yue: "natural water you must remember, no more than buckling have affection, not straight away to won't cross should be around the bend and ring.""Water see three bending, live comfortable, the buckling, RongHuaFu around."In short, the demand for water is to "bend around the arms", pay attention to "song of sentient beings", because "the river bend is the party of the dragon air."(" YangZhai this)

Moreover, for in the geomantic learn to meander, meander outside for evil."The integrity of tales" yue: "hold edge can be found in water, the reverse side."The hoses, also believe that every "flying water", "diving", "the rebel", "water" bow kind of terrain are fierce, is not conducive to have to live in.The so-called "to water sentient beings, like the loopback toward the cave.Water is the pick of the dragon vein, avoid rush shoot against the bow."Obviously, this is the ancient ancestors on the natural environment of rivers in the relationship of urban and rural construction and made the conclusion on the long-term observation and practice, this conclusion and modern landscape on the changing rule of the meander river is consistent.In other words, the ancient architecture geomantic learn summary in "water embrace sentient beings for" point of view, and is rooted in the scientific understanding of the basis.

Second, geomantic learn to highlight the city and architecture "sunrise" face south, which has its profound cultural background, and with a very reasonable scientific basis.From the perspective of culture, with the study of zhouyi with closely related.The zhouyi divination, said yue: "south saint, and hear the world."After the call on the strategy of imperial rule for "art" of the south, namely, from then on.In addition, China's astronomical chart is drawn to face south and stand up the sky and, map is drawn to face south and stand by overlooking geographic method.So the ancient Chinese concept of bearing is also unique: former Yugoslavia after north, west ZuoDong right, and it is widely used today from the western concept of bearing (south to the north), to the contrary.The thinking of "sunrise" face south, is decided by its specific environmental characteristics.Because China is in the northern hemisphere, most of the time is from the south sunlight to come over, the life of people, the production is based on direct access to the premise of sunshine, it determines the people toward necessarily south lighting.Moreover, the choice of face south and also related to the seasonal winds.China is prevalent in most of the winter cold northerly winds, and prevailed in the summer is warm, moist PianNaFeng, it determines the basic pattern of the Chinese feng shui environment pattern should be sits, the many west, north, east three sides surrounded by mountains, to withstand the cold winter wind, slightly open, south to meet the warm summer wind.

Because it is "face south and house", often used in fengshui blue dragon, white tiger, rosefinch, xuanwu, bearing.Such as "was buried in the book said:" to the left as the tsing lung, right white tiger, rosefinch, prior to after basaltic."YangZhai ten book yue: "to every house left have running water, tsing lung;Right has a long way, white tiger.There is sweat before pool, rosefinch;There are hills, basalt, for the most expensive."As a result, blue dragon, white tiger, rosefinch, black became one of the feng shui of four bearing the name of god.But when to start using the four animals in feng shui as bearing god, which was at one time.However, found in henan Zi Yang west slope water about 6000 years ago yangshao culture in the grave, with a clear pattern with mussel and build by laying bricks or stones and become the "dragon", "white tiger" graphics, respectively, and buried on both sides.If the tombs of the "dragon", "white tiger" graphics also with refers to the role of bearing, so the later geomantic book about "tsing lung, spanning, white tiger crouching ju" thoughts can be traced back to 6000 years ago yangshao culture period.In fact, in ancient times, people have clear orientation of the concept of god.As the rites · QuLi on said: "line, QianZhuQiao then basaltic, left tsing lung, right white tiger."The four bearing the name of god and on behalf of the four gods name, constitute the north and the south four astronomical phenomena.So "huai south son" astronomical xun yue: "the god of your, these Yu Qinglong."Blue dragon, white tiger, rosefinch, black as the god of the quartet, revered by Taoism, after that influence widely in Chinese culture.

Blue dragon, white tiger and other four gods as bearing the gods, flanked by a retinue of position of a various cities, towns, homes, who meet the following requirement can be called "four god" or "four spirit".Its condition is "basaltic blue, rosefinch XiangWu, tsing lung winding, white tiger breaking down."Under the direction of the basaltic peaks of the blue, rosefinch direction mountains to the dance, the left of the tsing lung, to ups and downs over the right of the white tiger yamagata to lie prone, submissive, such an environment is the "high ground".

Feng shui treasure-house, the composition, not only requires "four elephants BiBei", and will pay attention to the dragon, in sand, hall, shuikou, set to, etc.YangZhai ten book said: "live, appropriate is given priority to with the broken pieces back together, its maximum to imposing manner of arteries and veins, relationship and rich, the most point.""YangZhai dragon original, must use wide flat to live.Hall must when let wanma...From on or plain.Before and after water surrounded by expensive, about road also like it.""More to shuikou tidy up tight, shoulds not be too forced into so cheap.Case stars close case hall wide, nearly hall of narrow.He lives base big situation, don't have order singular points."This is a kind of in the environment of business model: the north has endless miles of mountains, south, and echo of low mountain hill, left and right sides of the mount guard, heavy escort, to part in hall bureau, topography and spacious, and buckling of the water, it is an ideal land.As Buddha implicit in teaching materials on feng shui said: "backer ups and downs, strewn at random discretion, such as living, veins center, acupoint protuberant, dragon sand tiger sand, heavy, web of outside the mountain, the guards of the fat of your land."

From the perspective of modern urban construction, also need to consider the regional natural geographic conditions and ecological system.Each region has its particular lithology, tectonics, climate, soil, vegetation and hydrological conditions.Only when the regional comprehensive natural geographic factors to coordinate with each other and benefit each other, just can make the whole environment of "gas" is smooth and lively, full of vitality, so as to make the ideal "land" - a very good living environment.Common for China to carry on the back surface water mountain cities and villages, itself is a typical environment ecology significance.Its scientific value is: behind the backer, is beneficial to resist the north to the winter winds;Facing the water, which can accept summer south to the cool wind, but also enjoy the irrigation, the boat, breeding of;Chaoyang, easy to get a good sun;Gentle slope terrace, can avoid flood waterlogging disaster;Surrounding vegetation lush, can conserve water and soil, and can adjust microclimate, get some firewood.These characteristics of different environmental factors together, has created an organic ecological environment.The rich ecological image, full of vitality of the city or town, is the ancient architecture of feng shui treasure-house, science has always been the pursuit of the wind.

Second, the ancient fengshui enlightenment to modern urban planning and architecture

In the ancient geomantic learn, often compare the earth to the human body to consider various factors, there's a phrase in the feng shui is called "phase such as phase".Is like "the xuan female blue cape jing yue" dragon situation, as a man, but his body move, the brothers since shall;A Lord, the group of soldiers will follow.""Dragon itself in the long run, need to correct for the body, the brothers will is better to agree, pecking will make suitable for your, guest will be to meet the surprise."On the basis of this kind of person, with similar ideas, feng shui, according to the structure of the human body dragon vein true acupuncture point can be divided into three kinds of holes, one at the head, the second in navel eye, three in the vagina, its location is: "gather on the acupuncture point, such as child head, children born under chimney door, micro with nest, namely the top hole also;Gathered in the cave, such as umbilical, hands the dragon also;The caverns of poly, such as the scrotum, bipedal namely dragon also."(qing Meng Hao snow heart fu positive solution) in the qing dynasty "six nursery Mr Shen new learning" in the collection of a picture in order to "intruders" as the prototype of the feng shui of the human body acupuncture point lattice figure and image can realistically reflect the most people, the same kind of philosophy.

Due to ancient geomantic learn is built on the basis of the traditional Chinese philosophy of Yin and Yang with qi said, so will naturally "nature and humanity", the idea of "everything" as a melt penetration the whole soul of fengshui.The ancient Chinese have long found 28 the sun, the moon and the stars and the basic rules of soil and water fire five planets and with the earth and their seasonal changes and damage the relationship between day and night.It seems to the ancients, heaven and earth movement directly related to the growth of the people.Shoe garden plexus words say: "person is like a little world, Yin and Yang five lines, section 8, a suit of all can use," the heavens and the earth is a big universe, human is a small universe, the human body and the universe isomorphism.The heavens and the earth was divided into Yin and Yang, the body also points of Yin and Yang.Heaven and earth have five mountains, the body also have facial features, the five zang-organs.Day is divided into ten air-dried, said the earth around the sun, people also have ten fingers.Divided into twelve earthly branches, said the moon around the earth one year 12 laps, people also should be 12 by the reinforcement, twelve, twelve of...People of the whole grid system over time has successively, year, month, day, hour, periodically to enrage blood wang, opening and closing of ups and downs, one hour should be enveloped, suggesting that we all these, the emergence of humans is by no means accidental, it condensed the life of the entire universe, human body is completely with the universe, human body qi qi to communicate with the universe."Heaven and earth, world ventilation, FKB is thin, fire and water (not) shot.""Heaven and earth, at the beginning of everything and I for one."Strength between heaven and earth in the universe, gas aggregation in the human body, people actually be seen as part of natural ecosystem, compared with nature, man is insignificant.Any activities of human existence to be identical in nature, to get to the heavens and the earth natural harmonious get along.Therefore, to avoid the unfavorable to breath and living environment for human survival, human construction activities will be conducive to the harmony of nature.Feng shui said gas to explain the natural environment, in the relationship between man and heaven and earth natural environment, as long as according to the movement rule of gas, which is in accordance with the natural order, obtained with heaven and earth and the natural harmony, things will get peace and happiness, so as to achieve the aim of hasten lucky avoids disaster.The location of the feng shui basic meaning is looking for suitable for human settlements.And angry of land between heaven and earth, the growth of human reproduction is the ideal.In a nutshell, all measures of the theory of feng shui is angry over how to find the rallying point, how to meet the gas, gas, gas, gas, through to the universe of heaven and earth to cater to, lead and follow, make human body qi, and the resulting harmony, thus help to improve the living environment, ensure human health of body and mind and the prosperity of future generations.Look from this meaning, can say it is the breath of the universe and the feng shui qi and the art of the human body

Geomantic the selection of the most ideal environment, and the ideal environment for feng shui mainly consists of mountain and water, especially in water is the source of anger.The hoses through, said: "the fortunes of cave in the mountains, in the water.""Husband Shi Weishan bone, soil is the meat of the mountain, water mountain of veins, vegetation of mountain fur, all blood through also."Because Shi Weishan bone, water the veins of the mountain.Mountain with water as veins, is organic.Yellow emperor curtilage the point of view more clearly: "the situation for human body, for the blood of springs, with land as the flesh, with vegetation as the hair, with s house, is crowned with the portal, if have to Ruth, is what yanyan, is on."Obviously the residence here as part of the earth organism, emphasis on building harmonious with the surrounding environment, this is the theme of feng shui on construction thought.Also has a very profound philosophical background, such as pipe, plain paper said: "the blood gas, water, land, such as flow of the Hindu kush, also so yue water material."Wang chong book on virtual said: "heaven and earth have hundred sichuan also, people have blood.Blood flow, pan Yang movement."

Ancient Chinese architecture geomantic influence the biggest is the pursuit of a suitable earth aura, the most favorable external environment for the growth and development.The blue mountain green water embroidery, good crop.Because of the mountain there is the "bone", there is water can "live", landscape phase, bring out the best in each other.So, almost all feng shui environment exquisite landscape suitable, and spatial structure are combined according to certain feng shui.Why a lot of feng shui can become the mind, the ideal place to rest?The reason is that the landscape is reasonable, can give a person a kind of quiet and tastefully laid out and comfortable kuang god afraid of feeling.In this sense, "spirit," is not without reason.It is no wonder that people pursuit to pursue reasonable combination of landscape environment.

In the human society after the "big development" of industrialization and urbanization, began to make summary and reflection on the consequences of industrialization and urbanization, found that the development of human society is more and more, according to the nature, the destruction of natural, will be the relationship between human and nature should be harmonious to the opposite, and tasted the resulting from a variety of "consequences", such as the abnormal climate, environmental pollution, lack of natural appeal, and so on.People, after all, is a person, however, there are subjective initiative, to self-regulation, around the "environment" and people around the world this thesis adopted a variety of countermeasures.The end of the 19th century, the United States in the "city beautiful movement", the "garden city" thought appeared in Britain, all this reflects the demands, the desire of return to nature in harmony with the environment."Garden city" was once put into practice, the idea has inspired a lot of city planning, most of the new urban design plan is to benefit from here.China in the 50 s to put forward the strategy of "urban and rural garden, green", and held in February 1993, the China city forum "mountain waters", Mr Qian pointed out that in 21st century China city should be a set of urban landscape and urban forest as one of the "landscape city".Planning at Mr Wu Lianggao pointed out: "China's urban landscape as the urban composition elements, mountain, water and city one integrated mass, become a characteristic, the background of the formation of these features is the traditional Chinese philosophy of" nature and humanity ", and attaches great importance to the landscape composition and theory of urban location layout 'feng shui said."Wu an eye, recognize the feng shui said that in ancient China city location and the important role of landscape composition;Also enlightens us, feng shui said about the effective combination of landscape space, must be in the "landscape city" play an active role in planning and construction.