The master taixu biographies

No too, too, had a heart, the mei guan, common surname lu, birth is dubious, scientific name pei Lin, born in December 18th qing guangxu fifteen years (AD 1890) on January 8, died in 1947, originally from zhejiang chong DE (now zhejiang tongxiang), was born in zhejiang haining, modern famous monks.

Master taixu cast aside his father, five years old when his mother remarried, according to the grandmother lives.When he was young, the master had from his uncle at school, but due to the sick, when dropping out.Master's grandmother was a pious buddhist believers, master childhood with his grandmother often anhui jiuhua mountain, putuo mountain in zhejiang, ningbo nan tian tong temple, king temple buddhist shrines and temples temple worship such as pilgrimages.At the time, the master is quite envy with monks of the abundant life.Master at the age of 13 to 15, twice to the town of department stores to apprentice, but due to illness and weak, and fatigue was aborted.At this point, has hidden intention of becoming a monk.Master in 1904, at the age of 16, an excuse to home, the first to go to mount putuo monk, but because of karma, when they are small to suzhou jiu hua temple on the set of artificial division, division idealism for determining the name.Is nine, October, roth here with master monk to zhenhai visit grandmaster zang, a monk for determining the number too.In November, zang years monk with master to ningbo nan tian tong temple, from the famous monk JiChan (dharma name JingAn, nicknamed the eight buddhist monk) with the ring.The following month, JiChan master monk introduction to sinopac temple chang Jackson XueJing from disambiguation.In the next two years, the master has chang Jackson by learning from the disambiguation "the China law", and "explanation", and read "refers to the month record", "monk biography" and other books.Disambiguation chang Jackson can shanwen poem, also learn from the poems too, benefited a lot.Master, meanwhile, also from the study such as these idle mage tiantai teaching view, and with modern another famous monks YuanYing master, will become the gold orchid well in nan tian tong temple, research teaching.Into in 1909, the master went to nanjing jinling carved by the huan sba, only from Yang wenhui lay people learn Buddha, is only half a year, when income is quite a lot.With scholars MeiGuangXi, ouyang gradually, monks niyama, intellectual light, enlightenment, etc.

Youth master taixu, thought very active.In 1907 by the classmates huashan, habitat cloud is introduced, such as the master have to read kang youwei, liang qichao, tan sitong, zhang binglin, minister of the writings, by incentives, aspire to revolution.He had read a lot of idealistic socialist and anarchist, like Tolstoy, proudhon, kropotkin, bakunin's book, even Marx's works.During in guangzhou in 1911, master, have contact with revolutionary, secret activities.Master and report its youth political thoughts of evolution, said: "my political and social thought, which is the national revolution by jun xian, and socialism, and anarchy.And have to read the description on "establish religion theory", "five no matter", "all points of evolution", meaning to anarchism and Buddhism as nearby, and can be made of democratic socialism in order to gradually step into."(" the autobiography) guangzhou uprising failed, the master of the crane Huang Huagang dead martyr poems, asa, from guangdong to Shanghai.In 1914 the first world war broke out, and saw the situation is difficult, domestic master the thoughts of his own before the suspect, thus had a reflection, don't feel so abandoned time again.Then, in October this year, he declined to common fate, in mount putuo tin scholar monastery retreat for self-study.Seal of light for the start of the master, and its close room "dun no stuffy room", the master from the agency yue "mei guan".During the three years of retreat, master carefully study the cases of writings, especially focus on the main object of the theory.

In the modern time because of the change of The Times, the development of Chinese Buddhism has could no longer continue as is, and must do to adapt to The Times in various aspects of adjustment and reform.Taixu master is one of the modern Chinese Buddhism reform movement theorist and practitioner.His early bourgeois reformism and democratic ideas, then thought, "after the China's political revolution, Chinese Buddhism should also through revolution."(" the autobiography ") as a result, he had devoted his life to the revitalization of the buddhist, build new culture of the enterprise, exert all his efforts and die.He founded the sangha buddhist, cultivate new monk material;Group is the householder letter will unite people from all walks of life;Published books and magazines, publicity buddhist culture, etc., have made outstanding contributions.His certain proposals and the opinion of Buddhism reform, is also has important reference value in today.

The master to advocate and practice of the reform of Buddhism is various, but mainly concentrated in two aspects.This is he in the readme of shiyuki inductive: "buddhist monk will aim at the xing in yoga bodhisattva precepts".Said this, he said: "line" at tzu chi, more than four cover depends on the people (1915) winter, but so far (13, 1924), chongqing is also."Again further, this "shiyuki lies", and "will serve to make the body, and for a long time repair the bodhisattva way of endowment food."So, from the two aspects to discuss taixu master for ideas and contributions to the development of modern Chinese Buddhism is undoubtedly the most appropriate.

The so-called popular buddhist monk, was to become the host of monk from (sangha group) and lay in the home is two aspects to overhaul and the revitalization of Buddhism.Master that complement people at home and become monks is the, the revitalization of Buddhism must fulfil is the earthly aspects of the letter, is satisfactory.So, he actively support and assist local congregation establishment organization, "Buddhism is for the majority of people lecture.He advocated by the five precepts ten good at home as the root of the congregation, cultivate good morality, improving social fashion.However, by contrast, rectify the sangha system appears more important and fundamental, because the sangha is the abbot of the triple gem ".As early as in 1913, master in JiChan monk's memorial service, aiming at the existence of the buddhist jungle augean stables, it puts forward the "teachings revolution", "teaching system revolution", "about the revolution" three revolution of Buddhism.Here, teachings the center of the revolution is making a fool of ghosts and gods superstition, actively advocate the spirit of mahayana Buddhism self-interest altruism, to improve the country's social.The center of the teaching system revolution is to reform practice life, organization system, establish the abbot sangha to satisfy the needs of The Times.About the revolution center is to change according to the method of inheritancetempleThe heritage of the old rules for ten sangha to public ownership, and as a support, the elders, cultivating young sangha, establishment of Buddhism.

Among the three revolution, master and think "teaching system revolution" as the fundamental.Because, only cultivate qualified sangha, establish a strict system of organization, "teachings" and "property" revolution is a reliable guarantee.So, he in the later practice buddhist college, mainly from the establishment of sangha talent cultivating new sangha.Hosted by master started, or talked about learning institute of buddhist studies: "wuchang buddhist institute", "minnan buddhist institute", "Berlin teachings courtyard", "sino-tibetan teachings courtyard", etc.At that time, in the master monk under the influence of education thought and practice, also set up many buddhist institute.The buddhist institute for China's modern training a large number of, several generations of Buddhism buddhist talents, its flow ZeHui and focus.

"Yoga bodhisattva precepts", refers to the translation from xuan zang "yoga teacher in theory" at the beginning of the "local points bodhisattva," the yoga in the precepts in the extract of the bodhisattva precepts of this.Master taixu believe that Buddhism both in teaching and reason, line, fruit, and it is.Line with and without number, and the local is to quit.Have a variety of, while it is bodhisattva precepts.Master is to "yoga bodhisattva precepts" bodhisattva precepts as shown in return, this is because he thinks, this ring to "benefit sentient beings, order of self-denial altruistic thing", which is the "into the vulgar of bodhisattva, should be" of the Buddha's fundamental purpose.As a result, he stressed: "will practice the bodhisattva precepts, but to the whole interest of buddhist monk will";Conversely, and "shall arise the buddhist monk will, the spirit of the bodhisattva precepts are implemented."(" shiyuki readme ")

Based on the above for the understanding of the fundamental spirit of Buddhism, master taixu, points out that the modern Buddhism should be toward the construction of the direction of "life" of Buddhism.He published in 1928, the orders of the Chinese buddhist monk revolution, concretely expounded from four aspects the problems of the construction of life Buddhism., he argues, because of the development of The Times, once upon a time the status according to Confucian culture in China, will certainly to extract the "China national five thousand years of culture and the modern world, scientific and cultural essence" instead of building new culture.So, first, "so, when Buddhism and attachment to ten letters a mahayana bodhisattva, and construction by the people and the bodhisattva and the Buddha's life Buddhism".Second, "in the spirit of mahayana Buddhism in life, the original temple monks, and construction to adapt to the current environment buddhist sangha system" of China.Third, the "propaganda of mahayana Buddhism to absorb new buddhist people in life, and civilized old buddhist people, solidarity, and construction to adapt to the current Chinese system of environment of buddhist believers".Fourth, "shu life of mahayana Buddhism in China of all people, make the farmhands business teach the military and civilian ten goodness of all people are harmonious in Buddhism, to develop Chinese national ten good for culture of countries, expanded to the whole world become ten good culture of the world".It is a master taixu idea of a "life Buddhism" ideal blueprint, although later and failed to achieve the ideal, the master later wrote, "my defeat of the revolution of buddhist history is to sum up the lesson.Master points out Buddhism, however, the practice of the reform the total direction and his spirit, is still in the incentive of the broad masses of Chinese buddhist sangha and people to fight for.

Master taixu advocate "life Buddhism" fundamental purpose is: to mahayana Buddhism "self-denial is all that matters," the spirit of "benefit sentient beings" to improve social and human, establish a perfect personality, and sangha.He tried to say: "at the end of the main current method of Buddhism, will be in close human life, and guide good men and women on the upward letter, that is, the life of people become Buddha Buddhism".Therefore, he proposed the "Buddha", "people round the Buddha as" slogans, such as to encourage the monks and devotees from real life, the moment to start by itself.That is to say, the Buddha in the real life, in People's Daily moral behavior.Otherwise, the personality is deficient, the status of the bodhisattva is placed, not to mention the Buddha fruit.Master too there is a readme ket fully about how the characteristics of life Buddhism, assignment of yue: "check only the Buddha, complete personality, people round the Buddha, is a true reality" (" Buddha's theory of true reality that people ").Book for "true reality theory" is the master to reveal Buddhism as a religious reality oriented theory of argument, and his life to build the theory foundation of Buddhism.

To book a trip to real master taixu life, here is only one aspect some brief introduction.Master knowledge broad, deep, he and learn outside, old learning school, combining the knowledge medium, method of sexual method, and the learning theory in Buddhism, have put forward many profound insights.Master writings life-size, today has by his disciple Yin shun mage compiled into "the master taixu encyclopedia", such as what they study.