The discovery of "genes", is the important research results of Pharmacogenomics (Pharmacogenomics), one of the susceptible to explore related to disease incidence of distribution provides valuable clues, for the development of new drugs apt "keys".Pharmacogenomics is medical genetics and genomics fusion and creation of new subject, mainly discusses patients genetic background difference and drug pharmacological effect and toxicity of the relationship, and using the data of the human genome database, identify drug targets, screening lead compounds, design a pharmacological toxicology tests and clinical trials in vivo and in vitro, etc.Pharmacogenomics can help develop a more reasonable, more secure, more effective drugs and vaccines, contribute to a more accurate determination of doses, is helpful to improve drug development and approval process.Although drug genomics is a new term, but based on pharmacogenomics many views are not new.When a high blood pressure patients to see a doctor, the doctor is often based on symptoms, some conventional blood pressure medication.But the same antihypertensive agents, the same condition, is not effective for each patient.Normally, the patient often need the help of the doctor, adjusting the medicine, to find a suitable for their own blood pressure medication.But there will be some patients after changing for many times, still can't find the ideal treatment.What is the reason that the same drug in different people, but with different results?Scientific research shows that due to individual differences between people, causing the difference of drug metabolism and distribution in the body, leading to the differences in drug, cause different individual response to the same drug in different ways.And the difference between people is in the final analysis is caused by the genes.Attracted worldwide attention of the human genome project is based on the human genome, to determine each independent on the double-stranded DNA bases the exact sequence and location, and find out the life of all sorts of genetic information and instruction.Medical experts put the genome research results applied to the clinical rational drug use, will design the most effective personalized medicine for certain people, not only can improve the curative effect, shorten the course of the disease, and can reduce adverse reaction, and reduce costs.For example, now find of related genes involved in essential hypertension has amounted to 70.And treatment of high blood pressure drugs is divided into 6 types, the same drug effect on different people is different also, in some groups of people easy degradation failure, curative effect is poor, but less adverse reaction;Curative effect is better, but in other the crowd but or more adverse reactions, and so on different crowd should select drugs according to genetic differences.

Population genetic analysis of the different drug reactions has become a future important aspects of pathology and pharmacology, and there will be a pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.Especially on the basis of genome research developed the genome of the industry, is an important way of promoting the production of a new generation of innovative drugs, at the same time, it will drive up a batch of high and new technological industry?Such as automation, information, materials, microelectronics, instrument, biological chip, nanotechnology and computer to expand into new areas, but also for the high yield and high quality in agriculture, animal husbandry provide practical guidance.All this, will create immeasurable social benefits and huge profits.Worldwide in recent years, because of this, induce the intensifying battle over the gene patents and special disease lines isolated populations and chromosome change materials such as genetic resources.

There are 5000 in the world with different characteristics and gene frequency population may be different.These groups vary greatly, and obvious geographical distribution difference, need to select a representative sample, should consider how to define the crowd, establish the catalogue of the crowd, list the need to sample.HGD plan involves different people different frequency genetic heterogeneity and diversity, some of the groups of genes or genetic type and some diseases, the relationship between people within the statistical comparison and difference statistically to compare the genetic and language differences, etc.The number of samples depends on the degree on behalf of the people, generally speaking, each sample, the better the more crowd.And some of the phylogenetic studies, 25 individual genetic markers on the 100 ~ 200 sites of DNA analysis is enough.Other purposes, such as small differences in genetic evaluation of haploid and genome evolution analysis, 10 to 200 individuals and 150 normal people can, phenotype and genotype of correlation analysis sample amount needed for more.

Genetic resources in our country is a big country, large population, disease, disease family, isolates, and chromosome changes of material resources.A resource can be roughly 15 years or so.If there is a good idea, we have plenty of room for choice, we will be likely to "functional genomics" unique contribution to establish the system of theory and technology.

China's national natural science fund committee launched in 1993, major projects "genetic structures of a number of sites in the genome of the Chinese nation", to match the 863 plan in the project, carried out a genome research of our country.Developed countries mapping of its research strategy is not follow the way of sequencing, but the highlight of our country's population and clinical resource advantage, with major disease gene structure and function as the main research object, the collection, conservation genetic resources a batch of samples and people of all nationalities, and established a relatively complete genome research techniques;Clone a group of pathogenic genes and their related genes of DNA;Cultivate a group of high-level research talents;On the basis of the state key laboratory of formed several research base.These are made of genome research in China is developing towards a substantive stage.

As early as in 1999, the Chinese academy of sciences by physical scientists have put forward the research and development of different surnames crowd taking the idea of genotype and drug."By the Chinese academy of sciences physiological neural and mental genetic disease gene group" was established after the analysis on typical cases of closed region forensics, and achieved initial results.Along with the deepening of the research, the forefront of biological genetic diagnosis and treatment to learn even have "the name of remedy to the case" point of view.In recent years, the use of genetic research to develop new drugs become the new hot spot for international pharmaceutical industry, great attention by governments and each big pharmaceutical factory the generosity of the investment.In the middle of may, 2001, held in Shanghai international symposium on "environmental genomics and pharmacogenomics" on the discussion on this issue.Chen, vice President of the Chinese academy of sciences academician of cas will will start the drug innovation system are put forward.It is reported, this is a disease to make use of gene diagnosis and treatment of medical revolution, the system will be the first to pilot in Shanghai zhangjiang hi-tech park.Researchers pointed out that in the past in the new chemistry in drug research, there are more than 90% of the drugs for before clinical trials or part of the crowd effect is not ideal for most animals or toxic and eliminated, ultimately failed to reach the set, and the medicine is good for some people is likely to be very effective but it is ignored.Also found in the long-term medical practice, the same drug curative effect for some patients, for others not only ineffective, adverse side effects.Differences in drug curative effect is the important cause of drug genetic polymorphism and isolate defects exist.Everybody differences in genetic background, make the drugs enter the human body, metabolic conversion function is different.The responsibility to ensure the disease genomics research expert professor Chen zhu said at the meeting, not only there are individual differences in this area, there are racial differences, many disease-causing genes in different people have different expression, show that genetic characteristics between RACES are not identical, therefore some western medicine does not necessarily is suitable for Chinese people.Developed with independent intellectual property rights of new drugs is not only the need of entering the WTO, but also the need of Chinese genetic diversity, this is our responsibility of scientists.Researchers believe that reflect the same disease in different patients symptoms may have great difference, and the same drugs for their efficacy is not entirely consistent.People with the same disease with different symptoms and reactions to the same drug is different, because their genetic traits.As a relatively closed system of genetic, every name has the same genetic characteristics.If the study of their unique name genes, and "the name of remedy to the case", could be done.It is in this sense, some researchers think: drugs labeled 'of' is scientific.If on the basis of the theory, with a "gene", to be perfect everyone got a belongs to own "genotype and drug" will become a reality.Experts predict that in the future what genes can use what medicine, will be able to reflect, on a "personal medical gene card" card records have patients with detailed personal genetic information, when the doctor according to the clinical manifestations of combining "genome" can make the right diagnosis, choose effective drug;Can also predict the occurrence of diseases, to remind patients how to prevent disease.By surname genes development miracle drugs, of course, will not happen overnight, understand the tens of thousands of genes in the function of every gene, find out its association with disease, establish new diagnosis and treatment, at least need quite a long process.But on pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics time has come for a cooperative development of new drugs.