In general, "surname" and "gene" is a different phase and the two concepts.However, in the eyes of some scientists, both in genetics with links.Its scientific basis is: people's sex chromosome is divided into two X and Y chromosomes.For women, they only X chromosome;While the men there are both X and Y chromosome.In other words, the Y chromosome is characteristic of the male chromosome.Because in some countries, a surname with men from generation to generation, women are usually only save generation.Therefore, the Y chromosome of genetic information with the surname handed down from generation to generation.Because of this, in the point of view, name became a special genetic loci on the Y chromosome.Each name is equivalent to an allele on this point, the transfer mode is a paternal inheritance.Surname and the chromosome inherited this wonderful relationship, for biological genetics provides the scientific basis of archaeological research.Scientists say the discovery of "genes" theory.

Many ancient culture of the world already along with creating their racial pin sound lie low, while Chinese surnames culture went through four or five thousand years has been the continuation and development.Name has been on behalf of the Chinese traditional concept of clan's main external form, in a special form of culture of blood records the formation of the Chinese nation and reproduction, on the assimilation of national culture and national unity has played a unique national cohesion.Surname culture with a long history and unique traditional Chinese genealogical study, at present not only in the social science development, and also received recognition and applied in life science, and has formed the resource characteristics of interdisciplinary research area, China - Chinese surnames population genetics.In most cases, a surname is generation inherited, name the population data and relatively easy to collect, the historical span is very long, very suitable for in the study of the statistical properties of a large amount of data.We can through various surname distribution in different groups, to explore the genetic structure of populations, the genetic relationship between different groups, and population migration, etc.Chinese surnames and sharing the crowd distribution may become a study of Chinese origins and evolution of paternal genetic material a new important way and the scientific basis.

BR > the Chinese people are generally used to inherit his father's surname, to pass the next generation of the surname genetic patriarchal way.Woman in a lifetime only retain their father's surname, not passed on to the next generation.Therefore, the vast majority of family name belongs to a kind of gender, travels "gene" in patriarchal way, equivalent to a special sex chromosomes genetic gene.Can assume that, either X or Y sperm, sperm are with "genes", are demonstrated in every generation the function of its name.But with continuous transmission performance characteristic of surnames, Y sperm and sperm only display surnames in the first generation X performance.Of course, the researchers also noted that the Chinese have been widely existed the phenomenon of the surname, this includes the son in law by adoption of marriage, the mother surname, shelter the surname minority with han Chinese, the surname, and so on.The surname in the crowd is sudden and random events, often occur in the process of migration, but there are surely took their toll in the proportion in the total number of is low.And no matter under what circumstances change surname, since the second generation is still passed in patriarchal way.This surname phenomenon can be thought of as surnames mutations, mutation after the surname still have normal paternal transmission function.The long history of Chinese surnames and relatively stable, and changed with the characteristic of China's social phenomenon, not only increase the diversity of Chinese surnames, to track each surname ancestor and s provides clues and opportunity;But more importantly in the countryside in China has always been the custom of the namesake inhabit, plus a small marriage radius, marry marry the characteristics of the region is relatively fixed, sharing the crowd can be thought of as the common ancestor of paternal genetic material, somewhat isolated group, it has special significance on into the generation.This is directly related to modern human evolution have sharing group.In to discuss the origin of the central China family HeJinDai will provide a valuable research model and research clues.

The song dynasty, the Ming dynasty and the contemporary surname distribution of three historical periods reflects three important phenomenon: first, the Chinese name in history is extended and stable.It reveals the Chinese surnames in the course of history traces of blood culture and life of the genetic material, especially the evolution of the paternal genetic material has the same and the basic performance.Second, Chinese people have always been a namesake inhabit and combined branches of a clan spectrum of custom, and marriage radius is very small, marriage region is relatively fixed, so formed the namesake population distribution.The distribution of Chinese surnames in fact mainly reflects the namesake crowd distribution rule.Chinese name or sharing exist two kinds of state, local and small surname, or referred to as the common surname and is not common surname.Only 5% of the total amount of surnames is insufficient common 100 surnames has focused more than 85% of the population, and accounted for over 95% of the total amount of surnames is not common surname only represent less than 15% of the population.Common 100 surnames reflect the distribution of regional population genetic composition of the main factors, which determine the size of population migration in the history of Chinese and the degree of genetic relationship between the regional population.And very see surname crowd more show its geographical features and a relatively high degree of segregation phenomenon.Third, the main direction of population migration reflects Chinese gene flow direction.Once again, at the same time, from the perspective of population genetics confirmed Chinese han nationality has been existed genetic sources on the north and south two big groups, its 1000 years of geographical boundaries should be in the wuyi mountain and nanling region.Therefore, people sharing the Chinese surname and population distribution may become a study of Chinese origin, especially the paternal genetic material in the evolution of a new important way;

When in 1985 the United States for human population genetics, Stanford university professor, expert cavalli sforza, his theory of "gene" to China, with a record five thousand surnames Chinese people will not realize surnames and gene have how old relation.That year, professor ludovico sforza find genetic research institute, Chinese academy of sciences, the proposed a famous international authority on population genetics scientists together with China to carry out the research on Chinese surnames and genetic information."The scholars" has come to China, mainly focuses on the scientific research resources here.Because last name record in Europe, only in two thousand three hundred, Japan's popular name is only a little over one hundred years, Chinese surnames has five thousand years of history, the Chinese people for thousands of years can unlock the mysteries of the human genetic records pertaining to surnames.Since then, our country is engaged in the human population genetics research scientist officially join the study.

The Chinese are generally used to inherit his father's surname, to pass the next generation of the surname genetic patriarchal way.Woman in a lifetime only retain their father's surname, not passed on to the next generation.Therefore, the vast majority of family name belongs to a kind of gender, to continue the paternal way "gene", is equivalent to the special of sex chromosomes genetic gene.Can assume that, either X or Y chromosome, all with "genes", are demonstrated in every generation the function of its name.But the Y chromosome with continuous transmission performance characteristic of surnames, the X chromosome in the performance of the first generation of display name only.In most cases, the name population data is very suitable for large amounts of data statistics of the nature of the research.Can be through a variety of surnames in different distribution in the population, to explore the genetic structure of populations, the genetic relationship between different groups, and population migration, etc.Chinese name and surname crowd the study of the distribution, likely to be discussed Chinese origin and evolution of paternal genetic material a new important way and the scientific basis.The researchers collected decades millions of blood type data, after computer cluster statistical analysis found that the blood samples from different populations, enzymes, proteins, regional distribution and regional distribution surname people highly consistent.This proves that the Chinese surname distribution is stable!This finding, however, clearly illustrates the possibility of "gene", and proves that the genetic law of name will help to find special special genetic surname crowd.

Know the name and the relationship between the gene, scientists immediately realized that it can serve as an important tool to study on anthropology."Check genes known what's your family name" is the technique to paraphrase in anthropology.The Chinese surname after thousands of years, it's hard to say every surname is a vein in one thousand.While check gene can verify whether the same crowd.Scientists in the suburbs of taiyuan city in China of such studies, found a significant phenomenon: all the inhabitants of a village zhang, a nearby temple also enshrined the zhang clan memorial tablet.Villagers who claimed to be thousands of years ago a successor.But researchers from historical records, found that real surname should be distributed in hebei area.In order to verify the source of the taiyuan zhang, the researchers extracted from the villagers 30 plasma samples, for a particular gene locus on the Y chromosome, gene locations "surname" made the test, the results found that the distribution of genetic code on the site.In accordance with the "gene" theory can determine, the namesake crowd should not be the offspring of a common ancestor, some people are in the history of the surname to join in.In theory, everyone can find their real ancestors from the genetic code.If the male body skeleton, archaeologists found the ancient DNA extracted from it different Y chromosome loci genetic code, so as long as find the same genetic code can be considered his posterity.If the ancient epitaph to prove that his real name identity, future generations also show their ancestors the original name.But the surname gene can only verify the genetic relationship between nearly thousands of years.Since early man is matriarchal society, to test blood relationship in the period of the matriarchal clan, the most reliable method of the mitochondrial DNA or test.