What are the lahu traditional festival
The origin of the lahu
Lexical (hu) and yi, hani, Su Su clan, naxi, jino belong to the same group.
Lahu originated from gansu, qinghai area of the ancient qiang people, early lived a nomadic life.Then gradually migrating south, eventually settled in lancang river basin.The dress also reflects the changes of the history and culture, has the characteristics of the early northern nomadic culture and also reflects the style and features of modern farming culture of the south.Are mainly distributed in simao, lincang two area of lancang river basin in yunnan province, neighboring xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture, honghe hani and yi autonomous prefecture, and yuxi area.Among them, the lahu ethnic autonomous county and Meng Lian dai lahu autonomous county is one of the main areas.In addition, as a cross-border ethnic, myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and other countries more than 160000 lexical people.They mainly engaged in agriculture.
Lahu have their own language, belongs to the sino-tibetan language dialects of yi nationality in myanmar and hidden, points, lexical and lexical west two dialects.No words in the past, the beginning of the 20th century western missionaries had created using the Latin alphabet spelling words, because owe science, not promotion.After the founding of new China, created a new phonetic writing.
Lahu economy is given priority to with hoe farming, dry valley, rice, maize is the main crop.Also built the place such as agricultural machinery, sugar, tea, mining industry.
Lahu has a long history, the ancients "belongs to the ancient qiang Terran lines", from qinghai and gansu area gradually moved south, in yunnan and Indochina.Lahu self-proclaimed "lexical" and "lexical" (black lexical), "lexical west (yellow lexical)", "lexical" (such as white lexical) branch.History says, he said there were "lihui", "wild ancient zong", "bitter astute", "Luo black", "friction", a "wood" and "homes", etc.In April 1953, lahu ethnic autonomous county was established, according to the nationality of the people's will, unified set called "lahu".
Lahu traditional festival
Section 1. The hoist
Lexical for friends Aaron, "o", held in 17 October 15 solstice, according to the lunar calendar.Gourd festival originated in lahu creation epic "pastoral palmer dense palmer.Epic narrative urban Sally make creation, will be a grain of golden gourd seeds under a big tree, seed germination, flowering, slowly grown into the gourd.Eritrea's Sally millet birds and squirrels, please scratch the gourd, lahu ancestor di (male) and na di (female) was out of the bottle gourd.This day is October 15 on the lunar calendar, as the birth of the lahu, held a solemn celebration every year and diversified recreational activity.
Lahu festival known as the "expansion", divided into annual and off-year, time is the same as the han Chinese Spring Festival.The first day of the first lunar month to 4 year, also called"A womanYears ", the 9th to the 12 day as an off year, also called "man".Legends of ancient Chinese New Year, man out hunting, after has been paid to age in order to treat men, heavy YiCi years, is for the off-year.Lahu, are of the utmost importance to Spring Festival from last year's December 24, began to prepare for the holiday, cleaning, washing clothes.On New Year's eve, everybodyTake a showerEvery ground glutinous rice BaBa.After the first cock crow early in the morning, every household in the gunfire to mountain spring edge, well "new water"."New water" is said to be the first to get the young, who in those days the millet will first cooked, and all the best."New water" rob come back, to sacrifice to god for the shrine promotions, to old people to wash their hands.Then the rice BaBa roasted, to respect the legendary hero Mr. Nu don't, then respectively to cattle, tools as a gift.The first day, the activity is limited to within the village, the main activity is to please god in stockaded village east of the mountains.Between 2 to 4, relatives and friends with wine, BaBa glutinous rice, pork and so on New Year's greetings to each other, when the old man took the rites, to bless greetings are tied to the red line.Married daughter and son-in-law also go home New Year.Annual fifth, collective QuanZhai man out hunting, before departure, hunting ritual activities will be held.January 12, is a full year, QuanZhai, people will be in god sent back to the mountains at night in the village square gambols lusheng dance, productive labor, and on day 2 end of the Spring Festival.
3. The torch festival
Torch festival is the common festival of yi dialects and lahu after the Spring Festival is an important festival.Lahu with native legends about the torch festival history.Legend in ancient times, the gods Sally force people in August 15 this day tribute to his firm's firm lahu heroes don't lead the people to revolt, eritrea Sally hid the sun and the moon in a rage for seven days and seven nights, the heavens and the earth was in complete darkness.
Firm's firm don't adopt pine torches tied to buffalo horn and the wax coating on the cattle Angle, light up the earth.People cultivation, harvesting, beat her.
Eritrea's Sally was angry, designed to kill Mr Zardari don't.
In honor of the firm's firm don't, people in the June 24 on the lunar calendar pine torches lit torches, down to date, become a torch festival.
Torch festival night, the village set up a logarithmic high centralThe fire, or highly respected end-to-end hope all will be to ignite the fire, the parents will be the front of their own torch lit, holding a torch around, behind the house field seed, repel mosquitoes rat snake, young people are around the village square fire undid their lameless lusheng dance, burning it.
4. Ancestor worship festival
The lunar July 13 to 15.Ancestor worship, each at the shrine of temporary, a field that table will banana, pineapple, peach, pomegranate, Jiang Miao flowers, raise chicken, chicken chicken offerings such as piled up one by one on the mie desk, offering pile number is the same as the number of fathers death, shakily wax, kill a chicken to cook, after using the best dishes ancestor worship.According to death when ancestor worship ancestors of generational size given back to the feast, pray for them to bless the world peace and happy.Ancestor worship and sacrifice three days, 15 days to will offerings with a piece of the mie basketry is filled with sent to the village outside won, holiday parties come to an end.
5. Hanis living
A specific date.The lunar July and AugustriceChoose a day when yellow ripeness.According to custom, all of the day to return to the home, even the animals get home.New rice well, eritrea's Sally and ancestor worship god first, and then in sequence to livestock, production tools and points to a dog, people end up with.
6. 8 February and calendar
This kind of holiday only buddhist lahu.Time is respectively on the eighth day of the 2nd lunar month and the lunar August 13th to the 15th.The main activities of the former is to buddhist prayer, drinking water, promise to protect human and animal peace.The latter in addition to worship offerings to the Buddha room, each also by the old man with a new rice, fresh fruits and worship the moon.
Christian lahu, this section in the Gregorian calendar on December 25.Holiday morning, men, women and children dressed in festive costumes, gathered the church to sing "hymn" (lexical article), the afternoon to carry out the public style, social activities and give each other gifts.Gift by church wave tube (financial management) to register, to certify the suspension on the bamboo pole in the middle of the square, by the priest named after receiving prayer.Send gifts to send each other without, is give each other love between young men and women.Sports activities, on the basis of the game more winners will receive a certain amount of bonus and glutinous rice BaBa.Christmas is for western religious holiday, but it has strong characteristics of lahu traditional festivals.
In the festival festival days, besides the lusheng dance, play gyro and swing is a lahu common favorite recreational activities.Play gyro is usually in the form of game, two people less, more than dozens of people, each for one party, each holding a gyroscope and a whip, use lash line first gyro around tight, then tear the whip, gyro is turning out, in order to hit the other side of the gyro and stop running for the winner.Dozen gyro not only carried out within the village, and sometimes also their chosen team to carry out the game between village and village, quite fashionable, folk also have saying cloud "Chinese New Year to February 8, gyro hit the grass".Swing is an indispensable activity in the festival.
8 August full moon festival.
Lunar August 15 that night to bring their own fruits and choose the best offer the moon, because the moon clear farming in depth for the people.When the moon rises, and the chosen to pumpkin, cucumber, corn, grains, fruits and so on (including the pear is indispensable, pear is a symbol of young men and women happy days began) the small mie table, get the stockade with the moon behind the mountain god.In the moonlight, QuanZhai honorThe childAround the mie table jumping lusheng, celebrate the harvest.
9. Tied red lines.
Lahu tied red line, is a kind of wishes of the younger generation of elders.Children to be out of town, will take some time to come back, before the road, children of the old man to give far door to the red line, wish him (her) bon voyage, work smoothly.Children far away from, and also want to the red line to celebrate.Stockaded village, no matter who became a hero, or when the law's most prestigious in the elders will give his tied red line, as he wishes.Young men and womenTo get married, the elders will give the bride and groom tied red line, wish them happiness, grow old together.Tied to the red line, lexical called "wu".Red line is in the red line four root, four white line, black line of four root, twelve, tied to the line, the elderly and the prestigious people sitting around the mie table, mie desk a bowl filled with water, water use chopsticks to stir in the one direction, leaving the red knot up a line head turn into the water with water, the red head who, who is to be tied to the people who had been chained up line line.Lahu has a line tied to song: "gold wire silver wire, than lexical red line, the red line of lexical, chained his hope in heart, and happiness is tied to heart and it lexical red line, is the line of auspicious happiness."
Lahu custom taboo
Many lahu folk taboo, involved in production of all aspects of life, common has the following kinds:
1. The diet taboo.Sows and cow meat ban made "chop", think life is give by maternal, chop the meat were all beast ghost revenge.Fasting and sacrifice on the side of the road, in the forest of meat, because it is for the ghosts and gods.Taboo inroosterTaste a fresh delicacy, think of the chicken digestive ability is strong, rooster, eating new meters, perennial all hungry fast.Avoid eating beef, "the pastoral palmer dense," says lahu live on cow, so not to not eat beef, cattle have to be buried after death.
2. Housing taboo.Barred from living a difficult killed people's houses, or after the live person also have the bad luck.Forbidden to move inside the table, otherwise it will violate the ancestors and gods.Taboo across the room wood head, and I have no sat among the wood head, otherwise will make the taboo of the same flesh and blood separation.
3. The costume taboo.Taboo with broken skirt cloth sewing man's clothes, otherwise with gunshot wounds to the man when hunting or hurt by wild animals.Lxa, bamboo river red lahu think unlucky, thus avoid is pure red in pajamas, also not allowed into the red blanket, red towel, etc.
4. The funeral taboos.Buried in the unlucky day, don't think unlucky day send go dead.Single funeral taboos, or its soul matching with the dead in the grave, and at the funeral must into pairs.It is forbidden to mean the dead buried in public cemeteries, or evil death events will occur repeatedly.
5. Marriage taboo.Parents death marriage is prohibited, otherwise will I of hardships.Couples to avoid is used a chipped bowl, gave birth to the child can also harelip.
6. Have taboos.A pregnant womanProhibit to climb trees, taboo to pick fruit, avoid killing, otherwise it will miscarry.Forbid husband before his wife nursing 12 days out of town, otherwisebabyTake "park you damn fool" damage.Taboo scold baby, otherwise they will "baby ghost" revenge.
7. Production taboo.Belong to the horseDay not bottom, thought the horse appetite is big, can lead to poor harvests.Corn, buckwheat only inA tigerOpen Day, because tigers do not eat corn, buckwheat, and can drive the other beasts, harvest the crops.Taboo in his parents' death seeding, or food will be the grave.Avoid hunting with meat, fish avoid pickles, otherwise god will find meat and bad smell, hunting fishing and hunting, no gains.Taboo in all negotiations, hunting or charcoal will notify the beast away.Taboo in roasting room do not add firewood, otherwise you will use to reduce drinking.Thunder for the first time after the Spring Festival, QuanZhai stop check production labor day, and not pounded reef.
8. Holiday taboos.Banned in on fields, chop wood, laundry, pounded reef, killing, cut vegetables, do business, to borrow things, such as herding of livestock, according to the lexical words is "every move can't play, every green can't move". Taboo said the wrong thing at the beginning of big, do the wrong thing.
Besides the above for lahu folk taboo is also a lot.It should be noted that with the change of The Times, especially the change of the traditional beliefs, taboos are dependent of the weakening of the authority of "god" taboo also slowly lose its authority.There are many taboos in real life is not to abide by it.