The origin of the Mongolian

The Mongolian is one of the Asian nation.Most of the life in China, is one of China's ethnic minorities, is also the main body of China Mongolia nationality;In addition, the Mongolian in the Russian federation.

Mongolian people claim to be "Mongolia".The name "Mongolia" earlier recorded in "old tang book" and "the qidan nation", to "fire" of the everlasting."Upright" is the word "Mongolia" the first Chinese translation, see the tang dynasty.About the 7th century Mongolian ancestor in the tang dynasty at the jianhe river (now erguna river) of a tribe.Write about the different translation of Mongolian word there are many, such as "of the ancient", "meng bone" and "embryonic bone", and so on.Writing "Mongolian", the earliest in the dynasties northern alliance will make up the "record" on his wang jiang.In ancient Mongolian, "Mongolia" "simple" is the meaning of this word.

In 1206, temujin model difficult river held a big party, kenda Mongolia.Temujin was TuiDai as great khan of Mongolia, genghis khan.So said Mongolia has become national.In the western expedition, led by genghis khan created road traffic line in Asia and Europe.Kublai Khan self-reliance as great khan of Mongolia in 1260, capital of the company are most (after change).In 1271, Kublai Khan Mongolia number is "yuan", established the yuan dynasty, and destroyed the southern song dynasty and in 1279 to complete the unification of China.[1] Ming army in 1368, mostly completed huan timur moved north, and their descendants still use RMB as the title, koryo dynasty said "north yuan".On November 26, 1942, the Mongolian people's party led by the people's government "Mongolia temporary" with the support of the Soviet union, a separatist activities, announced the formation of the Mongolian People's Republic of China ".

"The secret history of Mongolia", "Mongolian history of jin huang", the origin of Mongolian known as the three Mongolian history book, among them "the secret history of Mongolia" by UNESCO as world famous cultural heritage.The janger from hero is one of China's three great epics.

The Mongolian traditional festival

The Mongolian festival is more, there isThe Spring Festival、The Dragon Boat Festival、The Mid-Autumn festival、The double ninth festival, hungry ghost festival, the festival, offering/e/into /, /, / sweat to commemorate the day, etc.

1, the festival

"The festival" is the Mongolian traditional festival with a long history, occupies an important position in the Mongolian people's material life.July and August every year livestock disease conference held the season of "the festival".This is a conference held to celebrate the harvest and the style of entertainment.The meaning of "the festival", Mongolian is entertainment or game."The festival" conference has a breathtaking moving horse racing, wrestling, archery admirably, have fight "chess, a fascinating song and dance.Before the conference, men and women, old and young ride horseback riding, dressed in festive costumes, in spite of the long way, visit and to attend the game.The first general assembly is a wrestling match, hands and feet tall canister boots, wrestling, a wide silk pants of wrestling, dressed in "zhao / /" (a kind of leather waistcoat), colorful decorations in neck circumference, "jiang/" archaize generation knight the major step, a lap.Horse racing is one of the important activities in the conference.Sticking the game starts, the rider line, all the color belt, wound color towels, permeated with the youth vigor.The beginning and end of the race with a variety of colorful flags, for example, horn riders will fly on the saddle, always on horseback, dancing a red cloth, such as the arrow/vector/send /.To reach the finish line first, become the most athletes of the praise of a prairie.Archery has attracted many nomads.Skilled person can be in, to win the cheers of the audience."The festival" is farming supplies fair.In addition to industrial and agricultural and sideline products, and eating with national characteristics, such as beef and mutton and smoked and dried products, cheese, milk, butter, dried milk cake, yogurt, milk a knot in one's heart.

Section 2, horse milk

The Mongolian traditional festivals to drink koumiss as main content, so the name.Popular in xilingol league area of Inner Mongolia, and part of the ordos pastoral areas.Usually held in lunar calendar in late August, the date is not fixed, for one day.For celebrating the harvest, bless each other, except to prepare enough koumiss, also with "grilled meat" entertaining guests, and hold the horse racing activities, folk singer, please message, to the old Mongolian tribute, etc.Allegedly, the festival originated from this event.

3, combustion/light/section

Lunar calendar October 25, wait for nightfall, every point/combustion/cake/oil/light to show celebration.Today and cloth/g / /, / Mongolian autonomous county, the forehead/min/county most of the Mongolian has but burning/light/section;Wusu Mongolian in burning/Lantern Festival day non-combustible/lamp, replaced by various forms of entertainment.Recreation Mongolian traditional recreational activities have a horse, camel, wrestling, archery shooting, tug-of-war, folk singer playing, Mongol stringed instrument played the janger singing, folk dance.Of turehot Mongolian dance with yi, solo, men and women to dance, and dance with song, dance and elegant and vigorous, showed that grassland unique ethnic characteristics.

4, the Chinese New Year

The ancient mongolians the lunar New Year holiday, "" bush/en /, /, the New Year.Also called "white day" or "white month", which closely related to dairy products of white.Different versions about the origin of the Mongolian festival, it is according to the five world / / at/lai, author puts it: black and white is answered questions "into auspicious khan in 1227 AD, xixia countries, lords celebrate, and calendar years first, month hence praised for the first stars".The stars on the lunar December 16 to January 15, the difference between before and after the lunar calendar for a month.And ordos region continue down the calendar is the white month, may, June and ordinal number written on.To see, when farmers at Mongolia calendar calendar in April.According to historical records, since the yuan dynasty, Mongolian accepted the han Chinese calendar calculation method, because of this, the Mongolian and han Chinese Spring Festival white month in the first month.This is the origin of Mongolian in "Spring Festival".Near the end of both agricultural and pastoral areas, every family to make up the lantern poles.To thirty, cleaning the yard, improve the indoor sanitation.To set up a small altar before Buddha, put the cooked chunks of lamb on the altar, for the dairy products and fruit.On New Year's eve the ancestor-worship celebration will be held.In the past, the ancestor worship ceremony ", but also for cast iron.Mongolians have old the legend of "the iron mountain", people see it as their ethnic origin of the legend.The night lights.Artist rap between Mongolian people in some "black/force / / er" (Mongolia).Young people get together to sing and dance.Not to take part in singing and dancing girls, get together and play "sand/ha" (ga/la/ha,.Generally has a habit of shou sui to midnight.

In recent years, the Mongolian festival is largely consistent with the han nationality, and absorb some of the han nationality customs, such asEat dumplings，Set off firecrackersAnd so on, but still many Mongolian traditional customs, such as New Year's eve to eat "meat in hand", to show his family reunion.

On the first day, the whole family county to wear clothing, gather in together, knocking, the New Year.First by the BeiShu minimum to elder happy New Year, in order to;The younger generation kowtow, quietly peers;And hadad smoke, toast, offer.After accepting the elderly, to bless brother, nephew, son, and the sun.Blessing and some gifts for the children and "lucky money".At dawn, between family and friends, started New Year's greetings to each other.Long are riding or driving.Knocking section ends before it, the general to the fifteenth day of the New Year.

In the remote pastoral areas, 16 in the morning, the sun has not come out of time, often together frolicking and "ha/ba/DE" (play/black/custom of ink.Is sleeping in each other's pay, secretly smeared on his forehead, coating for bottom ash.

5, fire

Fire, also known as worship/fire festival.It mainly comes from the worship of ancient Mongolian fire.The fire ceremony is held in late on December 23, according to the lunar calendar.May be influenced by the han Chinese lunar 23 people.But the custom of the sacrificial fire is the Mongolian have some since ancient times, this is the prelude of the lunar year.Before the start of the fire, the whole family to attend the court yard (or pond), focal before the fire, the priest people (family elders) want to put on first offering incense.Then take a bundle of straw burning, butter, white wine, meat (beef and mutton) offerings into the fire, such as in long, led by the whole family kowtowing to the fire.Priest and people say prayers: -, "thanks to the blessing of god, some dirty things thrown into the fire, fire, please forgive me, bless the good harvest next year, human and animal flourish, auspicious happiness.

6, offering aobao

Is also a important festival activities.Herders, at the end of the day, we went to a aobao sacrifice in droves.They put figure of Buddha in aobao, erect prayer, and the cattle, sheep, dairy foods such as sacrifice before aobao together.Then, la / / the incense burning lamp, chanting mantras, beg god bless, people from left to right turn around three times around the aobao, hope a bumper year for livestock.

7, wheat /, /, / section

M/DE/holiday/festival is in memory of maitreya, on the fifteenth day of the feast day, religious color is strong.Every yellow/temple festival on the same day, hang out as maitreya, the herders to nearbytemplePlaced offerings, incense and worshiped./ Buddha temple, if there is a live, we live by/Buddha, no live/Buddha is presided over by a big well / /.After worship the Buddha, was led by solid transcribing da (banners) for archery, horse racing, the Mongolian traditional entertainment activities such as his wrestling.

8, the Lantern Festival

Referred to as "ZuLe" point of the Lantern Festival the Mongolian, the feast in the October 25, is a kind of small religious holiday.Is said to be in memory of the founder of yellow/teach/cut/bar.This one day at dusk, every household in a high place and set up the wooden frame, frame of homemade lamp, the lamp wick is made of achnatherum splendens.The number of english-english grass is set according to each person's age, achnatherum splendens head with butter or mutton fat cotton or wool.There will be light, turn around three times from left to right (if there are demodex /, by la/b led to do), then sprinkle wine kowtowing to worship, prayer, pray for the Buddha bless longevity, peace.In a tent on each useful to save the dough into small oil lamp, lighted the whole evening, symbol of the world forever light, people live.

9, tower/g/l/dry/section

Tower section/g/l/dry/Mongolian each year to hold a large tribe centered the aobao activities, in the summer time.Aobao generally in bamiyan alpine foothills.Offering aobao may be derived from the ancient offering mountain, it is the Mongolian performance of natural worship.The aobao, the nomads of the same tribe rode on horses, camels, etc came to take wine meat this tribe aobao in the mountains.At that time, people offer hada first, then by living Buddha or large/la/it led the people around the aobao chanting (when women cannot attend), let all old heaven on earth, gives people peace;If meet the drought, pray to godIt rains, make the earth abundant hydrophytes, livestock prosperity.Begin after the aobao, horse racing and his wrestling, archery, Mongolian traditional folk entertainment activities.

The Mongolian customs and taboos

On horseback or ride to herdsmen home visit, not from the door of the family or "mani macro" among the rod in the past, also cannot cross urga.Light close to master house, want to go slow, dismount to get off early, to respect the master, don't disturb herds.The horse discovery ambushes to bulk up on the saddle, horsewhip can't bring him into the house.To put boots on the door before entering the ger.Into the bag, can't step on the threshold.Into the bag took at the edge of the package.

Mongolian nomads like double don't like single, so, if the host gifts, each type of goods is best in pairs.To the herdsmen home, please say hello to the master, and then ask the weather and livestock, even if there were something unpleasant, you also say geely.Don't sit to the front of the kang table position into the door, if master self-effacing, and certainly don't mention it.Must sit cross-legged nevertheless, although the font is very uncomfortable for you.Remember not to sit POTS, even if the day is cold, also do not want to warm the feet on the stove or oven.Master toast, want to take with her hands.Don't use left hand to master hand.Feast, regardless of whether the wine or toast to put down a roll up sleeves.

The original path when you leave the package.Say goodbye to the host, the host back to ger, then get on the bus or the horse.Leaned the master offered tea, the guest should use both hands to pick up.When sleeping, feet can not reach to the northwest.Like the bag with the patient, the door on the right side is tied a rope, the rope of a head buried in the ground, said can't entertain guest host.Can't use the smoking or finger refers to the people, the Mongolian taboo sitting in north-west of ger.Recovering from the Mongolian women, before the full moon could not enter the house door, they do tag is at the door:boys, the door on the right side of the hang by hadad or cotton bag branches (arrows).If is a girl, the left side of the door hung a red cloth.It is forbidden to guest beat and scold the dog.To have red cloth tied to livestock, absolutely forbidden to use.Visit the religious ceremonies should be paid attention to: don't reckless intervention;Visit not in judgement, not noisy;Do not imitate;Don't smoke, don't move.