The origin of Tibetan

Tibetan, is one of the oldest member of the Chinese multi-ethnic country, distribution in Tibet, qinghai, gansu, sichuan and yunnan provinces, area, with its long history and culture.Tibetan areas have been found and unearthed stone from the old to the new and copper ishii, with time and culture in different historical stages of the site in various places.KaRe of Tibet in 1979, archaeological sites, is a forty-five thousand - year - old historic sites, in nie wood, where, "Mr., nyingchi, ink and other regions have also found and discover a lot of sites of ancient culture.Tibetan areas from seven thousand to twenty thousand years ago, there are humans thrive here.Found in qinghai, gansu and other regions are part of the new stone and painted pottery culture of the late neolithic age artifacts.Aba prefecture has been found in ancient human life lived settlements cultural sites there are 19, some belong to the neolithic cultural sites to han dynasty, some remaining to the culture of the tang and song dynasties;Ancient tombs, have sarcophagus burial, brick tomb, tomb stone, a variety of forms such as foundation, stone tomb, spirit cultural heritages.Ancient historical records contained in "tired stone for the chamber, up to more than 10 feet" "towers" architecture, still visible

Rgyalrong in jinchuan, jin state, barkam town, wenzhou, blackwater and parts of wenchuan earthquake, as well as t he, ya 'an area, liangshan prefecture and other places, who lived about Tibetan dialect rgyalrong, Tibetan, and predominantly agricultural production for the rgyalrong Tibetan, the Tibetan says for "velvet bar" in the parts of the people (agriculture)."Rgyalrong" a jia mo morre mountain named after more, means morre mountain area.

According to Chinese historical records, the ancient interest-bearing, activities, this valley in southeastern state region, called it "good jia (jia liang)", "white dog qiang", "neighbors" and "goch" tribe, for the native American ancestors in this area.After tang and tubo immigration and garrison fusion, become a Tibetan.Rgyalrong area before liberation of patch officers often said that their ancestors came from Tibet, tile temple in wenchuan county, toast, jinchuan XianJing herein a toast, ya 'an district baoxing XianJing MuPing toast etc have roots in the genealogy records of Tibet.Valley toast, spindle mo was tang dynasty tubo general noted for toast ancestors.

Amdo political history load: "his most of north and south RACES are tubo king (note: sontzen gampo) placed in Tang Fan border garrison,...".5-6 century a.d., rgyalrong area people rarely, separatism period for cuo Palestinian leader.7 century, tubo sontzen gampo unified tubo, rgyalrong area also unified in tubo, by the praise of general around to serve as an rgyalrong leader. Rgyalrong area in amdo political history and speak Tibetan amdo dialects of Tibetan said in "ke".Value is: "in the history of tubo praised general sent secretary ke to pan jia lian region, as leaders and military commanders of his official residence in the north of matsuoka, tubo king's call him 'in the word and document JiaMu chawla, flocking ke pan' or 'check tile pan ke,' or 'cha ke"'.Ke pan from Tibet one of the four big families of firm recruited a large number of soldiers in the commander, the head of tang dynasty tubo "xishan eight".

The ancient called "jia yi", "white dog qiang", "neighbors" and "goch people" "' s, yi, qiang," tribes, actually is the indigenous people of the "are scattered mountains and rivers".In tubo ninth in puebla DE GongJia period, or about shun emperor of the eastern han dynasty (126), during the period of tubo area of the original - this wave of religion, from tubo into the state, and gradually popular the macro, the tubo culture and the impact on the rgyalrong Tibetan ancient ancestors began the eastern han dynasty, Buddhism is later than the 8th century period of tubo dynasty akamatsu's only developed in the state, because of religious culture as the center of the long-term effects of tubo culture, Buddhism (early this wave teach) has gradually become the tribal universal belief, plus the tubo a large number of immigrants and military occupation and domination, after one thousand years of integration, assimilation, and tubo long-term mutual exchanges, to form a unified rgyalrong Tibetan today.

Tibetan traditional festival

1, the Tibetan New Year

The determination of Tibetan New Year, is closely related with the use of the Tibetan, the Tibetan New Year formal use, is over nine hundred and fifty years ago, the lunar Ding Mao years (AD 1027).From then on, the use of the Tibetan and downward.

Tibetan New Year is a traditional festival in Tibet.Tibetan began January 1 each year, ranging from three to five days. Tibetan in early December, people begin to necessities and families in birdbath immerse highland barley seed, cultivating green crops.In mid-december in succession every household use butter and flour Fried YouZi Guo (card), oil Guo son a lot of more phyletic, have the ear of the "ancient", has a long "that summer", a round, "blue" and so on.Close to the year, every family prepare a color map painted a cuboid bamboo da tamar grain bucket, the bucket was full of Fried butter mix of zanba, wheat, ginseng fruit, such as food, above the green tree spike on the tracing, cockscomb and made of ghee decorated board.And prepare a color ghee plastic sheep head.All this has the harvest festival, I wish the coming year the good crop weather, the flourishing meaning.Two days before the New Year's eve outside the house cleaning, put new card pad, posted new pictures.29 in the center of the towering walls before dinner, with dry flour on eight auspicious "micro".On the door with lime powder painting "" character, which is the symbol of eternal auspicious said life food, happiness and peace.New Year's eve night, set all kinds of food in front of the Buddha, in order to make enough during the festival, rich food, on this day in the evening, the whole family are busy late into the night.The day dinner, and they shall eat the dough tu (tu).Tu pakistan-china specially in dough making several packages such as stones, chili, charcoal, wool sandwich different dough, each layer has a saying, stones mean heart hard, charcoal can predict, chili indicated mouth like a knife, heart soft wool.To eat the sandwich, causes laughter all impromptu spit out, to help the New Year's eve.This is a kind of diet, entertainment, no matter who what to eat, must be impromptu spit, which often cause laughter, added to the festival festival.

To the first day, the green crops, the oil Guo son, sheep head, grain bucket placed in niches on tea table, I wish in the New Year life sustenance.Big at the beginning of a day not bright, housewives from the river back to back "auspicious water", and then wake up the family, according to the generation of qualifying sit quietly, and elders to the grain bucket grab a few first, each to the sky, said to god, and in turn a little into his mouth.Since your elders in order to wish "zha-xi-de-le" (luck), junior HuiHe "zha-xi-de-le Peng Song measures" (good fortune as one wishes, politics).After the ceremony, and then eat cereal soil and ghee ginseng fruit cooked, then respect barley wine.The first generally prohibits sweeping the floor, mustn't say not lucky words, each visit.

Lunar calendar New Year congratulations to visit each other between relatives and friends, give each other a hada.Men, women and children were put on show costumes, meet each other "zha-xi-de-le", "happy holidays", this activity for transplanting.During Tibetan New Year, in the square or on the grass in the open, all round into circle dance heishui dance, a string, the guitar, cymbals, gongs, such as accompaniment of Musical Instruments, hand in hand, people get and ground for the festival, singing and childrenSet off firecrackersAnd the whole area was immersed in joy, happy and peaceful festive atmosphere.Sing in urban and rural Tibetan opera, dance heishui and string.In the pastoral areas, herders lit a bonfire, clock to enjoy singing and dancing all night.Folk also wrestling, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing, archery and other activities.

2, the festival

The festival, the Tibetan is called "honk, ji" (Take a shower), is a Tibetan people's unique festival, at least seven thousand eight hundred years of history in Tibet.In Tibetan held six solstice July 12, after 7 days.Tibetan people according to Buddhism, the water has eight major advantages of qinghai-tibet plateau, the soft cool one, two, three, four light, WuQing, six not smelly, seven drinks don't damage of throat, drink eight does not hurt.Therefore known as the best time to bath in July.In late summer or early autumn, the plateau beautiful, clear sky.Both urban, rural and pastoral areas, men, women and children family, came to the river is famous for the annual festival.Then, the Tibetan people to carry tents and ghee tea, barley wine, zanba, such as food, came to the Lhasa river, Brahmaputra river, qian jiang wan came to the qinghai-tibet plateau lake scrambled to water, to play in the water,swimming.Their lawn tent under the tree on the beach, surrounded on the tabernacle, cushion on the shop card.Elderly people in the riverWash your hairBrush, young people bathe in the river to swim, the children play in the water, a water fight, women at this time also freely enjoy bath, wash clothes of the body and family are very clean.During the break, they sat in a tent, taste mellow - and fragrant air ghee tea.Tent every wave bursts of laughter.The festival of the seven days, people came to the river bath everyday, not only to make all the bedding all clean, so the festival is not only the traditional Tibetan people's favorite holiday, is the most thorough, annual public health activities.

3, ongkor festival

Ongkor festival has 1500 years of history, is a traditional Tibetan people eager to harvest festival."Hope" is the Tibetan transliteration, "and" Tibetan mean fields, land, "fruit" meaning, meaning "ran circles touch".Yarlung zangbo river middle reaches and the Lhasa river on both sides of the countryside, very popular "and" section, elsewhere, but call different festivals, transcribing, appointed area, known as the "elegant", namely comfortable in summer;Worker had snow mountain is surrounded by farming and pastoral areas, known as the "help", namely the lucky grass, time, almost all in yellow ripening crops, preparation begins before.Before liberation, Tibetan is the "king of birds", before the advent of geese flying south season ongkor festival.Ongkor festival is an important cultural phenomenon, Tibetan about its origin, ceremony, or colorful sexual characteristics.

From as early as the 5th century, Tibetan Wang Bude GongJian in order to ensure the grain harvest to consult this teach hierarch.Hierarch ShiZhi, let farmers around the field, by holding the incense burner, exalted complications rod as the leader, the exalted hadad winding rods and the sheep leg of this teaching, guides, led the a highland barley grain or grain village villagers around to the Numbers, and all kinds of grain in the granary and shrines, pray for the good crop weather, good harvest.

"Looking at" section for one to three days, pick an auspicious day prior to the autumn harvest.Every year this day, the Tibetan people are dressed in ceremonial dress, some play the flags, some took up the harvest of barley and wheat into tower, tower wore white "hada" harvest, carried signs that some banging drums, singing songs and Tibetan opera, some carried that chairman MAO as turnrow circle, circle, people carry tents, barley wine, ShuiGuDaoJin, binge drinking, some still hold traditional horse racing, archery, hadad yak, horse riding up and dance, Tibetan opera.Business sector also supplies organizations, the special goods and general merchandise supply nation, acquisition of native products.After the ongkor festival began sowing the tension of the autumn harvest.

4, revolving around mountains

Tibetan traditional festival, also called mu FoJie, worship the god.Popular in ganzi and aba Tibetan area.On April 8th birthday lunar calendar, there are Kowloon leaf water for bathing, so it is also called mu FoJie.Every year this day, ganzi autonomy system is people dressed in national costumes, gathered to the monkey mountain and fold the river.People go totempleBurning incense to pray, in the burning paper money.Then revolving around mountains to god, pray for god bless.Revolving around mountains, the tent for a picnic, Tibetan opera.Sing folk songs, dance heishui dance, a string, riders monkey also for archery.In the meantime, people also have to hold material exchange activities and other cultural and sports activities.

5, CaiHuaJie nanping county Po valley area Tibetan traditional festival.Lunar calendar in early May 5, the feast for two days.Legend has it that long ago Po valley is a unfrequented valley, people make a living by gathering and hunting, with leaves and animal skins to make clothes.One day, came a call from a far country lotus cheese girl, her beauty docile, ingenuity, and teach the local people forest farm and weaving sewed, lily also to cure for people.One may fifth day, lotus flowers, cheese up the hill by nickel wind volume under the cliff fall dead.People sad, and went up into the mountain flowers on this day to commemorate her.Over time, formed the CaiHuaJie.

6, huanglong temple temple fair

Huanglong temple temple fair is aba Tibetan, qiang, hui and han nationality traditional festival.Held each year on June 15 in a summer finest huanglong temple.Huanglong temple in the mountains, is located in the aba finest minshan from it) more than 5700 meters above sea level mountain snow treasure, because of the spring with calcium fit on the top of the hill, covered with a part, is like a yellow dragon fit and natural wonders, decorated with more than 3400 the size of the color, they are mutual connections and colourful splendour.The posterity adding to believers worship temple fairs attract neighboring province, state, county, gradually formed folk festival.

On June 10th, lunar calendar around visitors or on horseback, by bus or on foot, take cooking utensils, tents here travel.Rally, people not only to watch the beautiful scenery of the huanglong temple, and a Tibetan opera performance, singing folk songs;Young strong man, wrestling, archery and other activities.June 15 was the highlight of the festival, the huanglong temple and the surrounding the mountainside forest full of all kinds of native products, form a big commodity fair.The old people into the temple to burn incense, qi prayer life and peace.Young people singing and dancing, overnight.

Section 7, the nomads

Aba Tibetan herdsmen's traditional festival.Normally feast is held early next month, lunar calendar week.Before the festival, every household cleaning, when the sun fast down the hill, remove rubbish to the west, to let the flame of the sun all the unlucky things flashing.Then, each ready to chang, yogurt and other holiday foods.Holiday on the first morning, each father and daughter back auspicious water.Then, wash your hands with auspicious water washs a face with milk, with clean hands burned chypre, pray for aquatic plants rich, cattle and sheep.Then, the whole family sitting together revelry.Three days before the festival, each village singing dancing, wrestling game and all kinds of recreational activities, and not out of the village.Three days later, people began to ZouCunChuanHu, congratulated each other a happy holiday.Every night, people gathered outside the village, bonfires, singing and dancing.

Section 8, Russian xi

As the Tibetan traditional festival, popular in MuLi County area.The feast at the beginning of the lunar lunar calendar for seven days.Yushania area very rich legend, ancient times, Tibet and yunnan's eight branches, moved all the way to live, Tibetan settled on that day, was seven days at the beginning of the lunar month, people dance and sing together tiles.Later, every year this day held a memorial service, from generation to generation, become a fixed holiday.Festival day, busy preparing food.Holiday, the whole family sitting together, toasts.According to the habits and let the dogs and cats play knife and fork, if they eat meat beforeHave a mealIndication to the wind the rain next year, farming and animal husbandry.Night.People around the piles of a bonfire.Singing folk songs and dance.

9, section water

In mianning county area.Lunar calendar people held in March.Rain is the main content and imperative., with the lama is made of zanba frogs, snakes, and toad, with each to one man.Came to the gutter, monks to chant buddhist scripture and do zanba animals in the water.Returns, all with rain gear, rang rang the surface, said it has been raining.Then, people go to worship a circular tower.The tower with a knife and a small gong pan, on behalf of the children.Long marriage childless women make a vow to god tower, pray for the children.Tower of epigenetic the child nong, that day to worship tower and fulfill.

Ten, nine sections

Popular in treasure xingxian area.On 9th in lunar calendar every year.Japanese people packed into the mountain, held the Lantern Festival and performing lion dances, dance and sing.Night, having a unique style of men and women against wrestling, the result is often a male with female, cause blast hall laughing, festival activities to a climax.

11, flowers festival

Say again see flowers festival, popular in the same area.Every year the lunar June, time, generally 3 to 5 days, in some places for more than 10 days.People with food, tents, rode horses, flocking to the wild play, enjoy the mountain flower.They put up tents, cook good tea, with green pear wine, eat and drink, and eat, and blessing.In the evening, bonfires, sing dance.Held during the festival, wrestling, horse racing and other activities.Is also a chance to young male, the female love affairs.

12, flower festival

Tibetan is called "if wooden bird", is the meaning of mountain view, held the annual lunar June 18, generally in the village is given priority to, with the counting-house YouShua, each activity, less then three or four days, more than ten days.During a flower festival, people visit to attending guest laid hadad, and enthusiastically welcomed into the counting-house, and hospitality.At night, the men and women, old and young, hand in hand in the hands of WuDui leader of ChuanLing accompaniment, around the campfire, the graceful dance, singing folk songs, singing and dancing, that night.

13, jockey club

Popular in holocene county and other places.Every year the lunar July 1, the feast day.Horse racing is the Tibetan people very love an activity, it is not only the agriculture and animal husbandry collection of leisure, the exchange place for farming and animal husbandry production experience, and is a display of the Tibetan people's spirit.Of (among) all the inheritance flouring Tibetan folk festivals, almost involve racing activities.Horse racing is not only appeared in the form of a motif in the festival, more importantly, based on a horse strong belief of Tibetan people, are formed such a traditional horse racing festival, and this activity with a long history.At the appointed time, the county and nearby Tibetan people dressed in traditional costumes, until a racetrack, from all directions to various kinds of horse racing activities.Have a collective game speed, has a team in the relay RACES, have a monkey show archery, performance racing skills, very lively.After the race, they exchange native products.

14, roof flag

Roof flag for Tibetan festival custom.Every New Year, each side is engraved with Tibetan scripture of yellow and red three color cloth flag on the roof.Rid. CatastropheThe cloth flag size, colour also varies from place to place.Some white cloth red edge, some red and yellow and decorated with black stripes.Highlighted as the rectangle, and a square and a triangle.Have tied the flag on the pole, others are on the tree trunk.Insert a flag, a flag.

15, white horse singing festival

For the baima Tibetan festival custom.Popular in pingwu, every yearThe qingming festivalBefore and after.Baima Tibetan, skills in traditional cultural activities in Chinese areasThe Spring FestivalDuring the period.Along with the development of economy and the introduction of the new culture, they had created their own holiday wishes.Related departments to improve the occasion, singing festival was held in 1982 to do the first to the stronghold.From now on become an annual event.

16, Lin card section

Tibetan "kyrgyz forest ji", meaning "happiness day of the world".Also some people call it "jiao".Is the Tibet autonomous region in Lhasa, xigaze, changdu area such as the Tibetan people's traditional entertainment.Tibetan held around May 1 each year, the feast, in some places for more than ten days.Then, the Tibetan people could take food, barley wine, tea, pad, tent, and all kinds of entertainment equipment and instruments, came to the quiet and tastefully laid out and quiet forest card (Tibetan transliteration, meaning the botanical garden, garden, including many plant willow, so folk call around Lin card "play grahame son").On the lawn, under a tree branch up white tent, wai on a few sheets or plastic cloth, card cushion on the shop, and play guitar, drinking tea or barley wine, together barbecue.Play poker, chess, play and crown ball or chat, and singing dancing on the green grass.In addition, during the festival, also some religious ceremony and Qian recreational activity, such as horses and archery.

Tibetan customs and taboos.

1) reception guests, both line to sit and talk, always let guests or elderly people first, and use honorific, such as add a "! ", the person's name to show respect and kindness, taboo straight their suffering.A respectful guests, bow waist and knee, smile.Indoor sat, cross-legged sitting, not legs straight, feet toward the people, can't look in all directions.Accept gifts, both hands to pick up.Gifts to his stooping hands over their heads.Tea, wine, smoke, to the hands, fingers can not put close to bowl.

2) tibetans is absolutely forbidden to eat donkey, horse meat, most avoid is to eat dog meat, they hold these instruments of meat and no longer use.They think that eating the flesh of these animals are not clean, is sin, and cannot ascend to heaven after death.In some areasEat fish.People's preference to the horse, with a totem worship of primitive religious color.They think that the horse is the symbol of LuShen, do not eat their meat and you don't squeeze the milk, without skin, by its natural reproduction and death.

3) when toasting, the guest should dip in with ring finger first a little wine play into the air, three times in a row, to heaven, earth and ancestors.Then gently sip at once, the host will be in time to the full, and drink a full again, even to drink three, full to the fourth times, have to toss off.This is the established rules, or you think the guest is not polite, look down upon him.

4) when having a meal to eat not full, bite not phonate, not drink out of the ring.When drinking tea, the host pours tea, the guest to stay master both hands to the front, took them to drink.Not familiar with the men and women avoid knead zanba in a bowl.Bowl and other utensils prohibit buckle the place, because only the deceased bowl is placed.

5) Tibetan day, taboo sweeping the floor, can't eat food with stuffing, no cry, no swearing, no quarrel, no said, "no," "empty", "disease", "pain" and "death", "kill" and "poor", "don't" and "bad" bad luck, don't think it will sign the year auspicious.Shall not borrow things from others during the Chinese New Year, afraid of cause all the year round is not rich.

6) the biggest taboo is the killing in Tibet.Pastoral areas winter shepherd love those livestock slaughter, don't have the heart to laid hands on him, so the western pastoral areas slaughter is with large needle from the back to Pierce the entrails, try to be slaughtered sheep to reduce pain;Pastoral areas in the middle, with a rope ChanBang sheep mouth, let it choked to death.Shepherds think the slaughter of the moving knife is not desirable cruelty, against killing wild animals.

7) spit, PaiBaZhang behind taboo in others.The woman can't shake the skirt in front of people, think to do that will give each other bring misfortune.Encountered on the monasteries, mani pile, pagodas and other religious facilities, must detour from left to right, there will be a sin that go against the direction.High over the top of the mountain, can't voice, otherwise it will cause wind and snow and hail.

8) can't bone thrown into the fire, that doing so would bring spirits.Avoid to whistle at home, because only send a ghost when whistle.With the patient, ban people visit.Taboo rubbish away in the evening.After dark, white can't out of the house, avoid type outflow.Relatives died, 49 days to avoid the in-laws, singing and dancing, so that the dead quietly into heaven.

9) shall not cross multiplier, brazier;Approved by cylinder, the wheel must not reverse;Taboo other people touch the top of the head.

10) don't pay you take pictures of the local people, also don't force they don't want you to take the content of the shooting, you can give them some food or medicine to win their trust.Close shot, especially when monks, women's, must the other party's prior consent, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble.Don't shot celestial burial in any form, please respect the local ethnic customs and emotion.

11) into the temple, with the approval of management lama temple, into the temple when the taboo to eat garlic or body with garlic garlic (Tibetan think will defile deities), wear a hat, smoking, touch the Buddha and religious utensils, scriptures, knock bell and drum and so on, these items can not be more as a cushion to sit.Inside the temple also don't smoke.