【 pick to 】 are analyzed in this paperThe HinduOrigin and social ethics to India, the impact of the proposed: Hinduism is India's largest religion, is the religious culture, Indian culture is the Hindu culture point of view.Hindu scholars usually calls "moral religion", visible impact on India's ethics of Hinduism.On the one hand, the Hindu doctrine and discipline has become a kind of strengthening ideological moral religion, on the other hand, the formation of Hinduism in India ethics has a great influence.

【 key words 】 India;Hinduism;Ethical and moral

People at the mention of India, often think of Buddhism.Indeed, Buddhism is a religion originated in India, it's in the history of many countries, including China, the social culture influence is very big, but Buddhism is not the only religion in India, more is not the main religion in India today.Now India, in addition to Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, jainism, sikhism, zoroastrianism, Hinduism and so on, and the largest number, the biggest impact of the Hindu.Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religion, originating from the ancient Indus valley, with a history of nearly 4000 years.Believers more than 82% of the population, that is to say as many as 800 million or more of the population in the teaching.[1]

Hindus in god

Hinduism is polytheism.It is said that there are more than 333 million in the Hindu gods.[2] Hinduism is various, classic doctrine is very complex, it has advocated the theory of the gods, there are also some atheism thoughts.It is a kind of ascetic religion, religion is a kind of sex, but in real life, it has become a philosophy, a way of life and aCustoms and habits.As Marx said: "this religion is both sexual enjoyment of religion and self-torture religious asceticism;Both Lin (penis) religious worship, and ze nutt of religion;Is a monk's religion, and dancers religion."[3] the Hindu organization is loose, but it has a unique form of social organization, known as the "the caste system."Typical features of this system is that the social space, hierarchy, diet and social constraints, different groups have different secular and religious rights, occupation hereditary and endogamy suitable marriage system (namely the higher caste man can marry a lower caste of woman, the opposite is seen as a big negative).

Hinduism is mainly popular in India and other south Asian countries.Sixties and seventies of the 20th century, some of its emerging sect was introduced into Europe and the United States, there are also widely spread in the west.Judging from the number of believers, Hinduism but with the world's three major religions Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, although it is a regional religion, its number of believers under Christianity and Islam, but far more than Buddhism, is the world's third largest religion.According to 1996 statistics, in the Christian world is 1.955 billion, 33.7% of the world's population;Islam is 1.127 billion, 19.4% of the world's population;Buddhist who is 311 million, accounting for 6% of the world's population.Followers of Hinduism, however, has 836 million, accounts for 13.6% of the world's population.[4]

Compared to other religions, Hinduism is a very complicated ideological and social phenomenon.It seemed so bizarre in terms of beliefs and practices, manifolds of numerous and complicated, and even contradictory.In fact, Hinduism is a by a variety of religious beliefs, folk customs and way of life that complex.It is said that in the 19th century British colonial authorities had 20 years to the Hindu system of investigation, eventually failed to give it a precise definition.Of the British foreign office announced: Hinduism cannot under the correct definition, it is both theistic religion, and atheistic religion;Is both the pluralism of religion and religious monism;Is not only the religious asceticism and carnalism religion;Is religion and way of life, and so on.The English of this conclusion, enough to explain the complexity and particularity of Hinduism.India's former prime minister Nehru had to religion and culture of ancient India has carried on the detailed research, his comments on Hinduism is this: "as a religion, Hinduism is vague, amorphous, various, everyone can according to their own points of view to understand.Give it a definition, or the ordinary meaning of the word can be used to explicitly tell whether it is really a religion is almost impossible.In the system of it, even in the past, contain a variety of beliefs and rituals, from the highest to the lowest, often contradictory, contradict each other."[5]

This is India card la jolla zhu temple on the sex of the sculpture

Hinduism is a very complex complex of ideology and social organizations.Its ideological beliefs, sacrifice yili, moral precepts, practice, practice, social structure and the system has many distinct characteristics, these characteristics make different from other Hindu religion, also makes it a unique religious system.So it can be said that the traditional Indian culture in the Hindu culture as the main body, with India's religious culture as the core, the standard is a complex of a variety of cultural value orientation.The ancestral home of jiangsu wuxi mi open, Taiwan scholars who in India for 10 years, who have served in India international university philosophy department, research on Indian culture is quite accomplished, he points out that the greatest characteristic of Indian culture, there are two: "first, we want to know India culture centered on religion.I once said: "India is a religious nation, all political law, academic thoughts, habits and customs, morality, all inclusive in the category of religion.'-- -Actually India only religion, no people.Different RACES in India, as long as the same religion, will form a nation;And the people of the same race, believe in different religions, will become a different people.Second, we need to know the Indian culture in myth history.Because Indian culture centered on religion, so India since ancient times, only myths, have no history, and our country pay attention to the records of historical facts, keep the attitude of different inclination on myth.[6]"

Hinduism is originated in 2000 BC the aryans waves of migration.As early as during the period of the harappa culture (about 2500-1750 BC), India has been belong to the totem worship of primitive religion, the former and 2000 BC, when the aryans region from Persia to cattle and sheep into the northwest part of India, India to enter the vedic period, at the time believed in god junior said there are 33, bulls say there are 3399 species.[7] the aryans until the 16th century BC began to settle in the Indus valley, and gradually formed around the year 1000 BC in the vedic brahmanism book for books;Subsequent evolution of Hinduism and dominated by the philosophy of religion in India culture show abnormal prominent effect.[8]

Countries in the world have their primitive religion, don't have that countries like India, made the ancient primitive religion has such an important role in modern life, such as the consciousness of the ancient brahmans sacrifice everything, for thousands of years can affect its Christian religious life, to the modern, sacrifice ethos prevalent in society, not only and go deep into the family.To get marriedBefore they have a conception, achievement, and of the womb li home gift, wedding, etc.;Get married after the full moon offerings and ancestors offering sacrifice.So much sacrifice now has become a folk customs and etiquette, this indication of Hindu influence is big.Even in modern times, Hinduism also has a significant development, in India in the early 19th century religious and social reform movement and the national democratic movement in the early 20th century, the Hindu obtained after new again.[9] so, some scholars believe that: "India's religious philosophy is the soul of the Indian culture."Of course it is the source of India's ethics inevitably.The name is entered India Hindu foreigners, especially westerners, indians themselves do not call.They think that their religion is since time immemorial and brahminism a consistent.India's ancient ethics so much with a strong religious color.Also can say that India's ancient ethics, reflects much of India's philosophy of religion, and still do.

Religion is one of the human culture phenomenon, its long history, distribution widespread, profound influence.Religion is closely linked with human life.Virtually every sector of human civilization, all aspects of human activity, from philosophy to literature and art, from political economy to culture education, from ethics to customs and habits, from the scientific theory to the music, art, architecture and dance and so on, whether social value orientation, or people's way of life, there is a close relationship with religion.Fills the world is very complicated, in order to understand the world, the first thing to understand people.Understand people, you must inspect all its activities, and in all activities, religion plays a direct impact, sometimes even a central role, especially countries like India.When we understand the Indian society and each national or regional civilization and culture, must pay attention to their complicated relationships with the Hindu, whether history, still now.Indians to their religious opinions vary, indeed, to give it a precise definition is very difficult.Indian scholars believe that Religion (dharm) is not equal to English word Religion, thinks there is a difference between the two, this makes sense.Religion is the product of history, as to what kind of role it played in history, aside, but it brings some culture, a lot of useful, especially for the influence of the ethics of people in India is more outstanding.

Religion has its own functions and features, has great inclusive, especially in countries like in India, this is afraid is accepted.Hinduism is irrational and negative elements, this is a fact;In addition, there are the desirable side of science, this is also true.Because Engels pointed out that as early as one hundred years ago, Buddhism has a dialectical thought, other religions have a similar situation."Religion and science, philosophy, art, also is not the product of impulse or ignorance, but human have the problem and the product of thinking."[10] Hinduism, we must make this about religion.A religious doctrine and discipline, it seems to believers, supreme believers must follow, as one of the essential qualities and the important condition of cultivate one's morality raises a gender, if defy, light is condemned, or punished, especially Hinduism performance in this aspect.So, doctrine and discipline has become a kind of religious ethics, in the form of reinforcement constraint people thought behavior standards and specifications, so religion is a kind of morality;Religious ideas to explain the world in god, explain the relationship between human and nature, between human beings, therefore, religion is a philosophy;Religious etiquette is different, is not the same, but on People's Daily life or with regulations in a wide range of different periods of life, plays a role of constraints, some involving people's birth, entrance, marriage, funeral, etc.Some involve daily life diet, men's and women's affairs, social interaction, etc.Religion is also a kind of etiquette, therefore, cannot be counted.These taboos and has a direct relationship between the people's social life, such as marriage taboo, diet taboos and so on, people's beliefs, different customs are different, so people tend to have a variety of consideration when choosing spouse and marriage.For the sake of so-called marriage auspicious, harmonious family or life convenient and popular some taboo, but because of too much emphasis on some taboos and consideration of other also can give young men and women of marriage, marriage difficulties or inconvenience, even cause unfortunate tragedy, people of different caste marriage difficulties is an example.Such instructions, taboo and religious belief, ethics has a close relationship.

Ethics is the human society to adjust the relationship between people, between people and society and form the behavior of the standard or criterion.It is primarily through various social public opinion and education to make people have good and evil, honor and disgrace, justice and injustice, such as concept, form certain habits and traditions, so as to guide and restrict people's behavior.People in social life, we must establish a code of conduct to coordinate the relationship between individual and individual, individual and collective, and created a moral and ethical.Since in human history, religion, the religious inside in order to adjust the relationship between man and god, also formed a strict buddhist precepts, the buddhist precepts are actually godlike religion Taoism, these religious ethics also reflects the secular industry norms, on the way of the secular society delun inevitablyHave a haircutImportant influence.

In this particular country India religious (mainly Hindu) more influence on ethics.Modern India, Gandhi led by the national liberation movement in the history of the domestic and foreign scholars call it "religious Taoism" type of nationalism, visible Hindu influence on Indian society ethics is how deep.So we can say that the Hindu ethics is almost became the moral norms of the whole society.Gandhi called Hinduism is directly "moral religion".For example, early in the era of the upanishads, Hindu "karma" rebirth theory is proposed.The core of this theory is: after the death of a person is heaven or hell, depending on the time of his death (act), the industry has made the good karma is one good turn deserves another, after the death of doing after the death of the bad karma is the wind and reap the whirlwind.This is essentially a kind of ethics that it encourages people to life the world to do good, do not do evil, to heaven after death.This moral concept is deeply ingrained in the Hindu mind.

Hinduism is not only a kind of spiritual power, and is also a kind of social power.It has its own church, community, clergy, caste system and management mechanism, etc., with millions of believers is strictly controlled by the people's thought and behavior.Therefore, Hindu society has links with India, it is in the maintenance of social order and coordinate the social relationship, balance of social psychology, promote or resist social reform will be a big impact.Ethics is especially for India has a huge influence.【 the 】

(illustrated: the window of the India, the original author: hai-ling liu, PhD in polymer science, religion and culture in shannxi university institute of the Middle East, this article published in the new western 02 (2009) "reference"

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