The HinduThe five classics of literature (many Hindu mythology is derived from the) already has nearly 3000 years of history, the inside of the many stories still read and performances by the indians.

1, the rig Veda,

1000 BC in the rig Veda is praise to the god of poetry, sung by generations of the division. It's in the "vedic" belongs to the first level, details of the meaning of religious rituals and content increased.

India's part of the vedic literature, ancient India's oldest surviving poems.The full name of the rig Veda.

The original meaning of the vedas is known, namely knowledge;The name of the rig is in verse.The rig Veda which produces s could be around 1500 BC, only those editions, poetry 1028 first, there are 11 first is considered to be the appendix.The shortest poem only three day, the longest section 58, generally no more than 12 knots.There are 10552 stanza.The creation of poetry s have successively.Language is more ancient than India's other within the language.The poetry creation and compile an exact date has not yet been determined.The book is divided into 8 or 10 volumes.India's traditional thought, in the book of poetry is made up of old monk fairy taught down, by a man named broad, vyasa) monk processing collate and become immortal.

The content of the poem in the rig Veda is more complex, there are ancient myths and legends, there are also nature and realistic reflection of social life, and sacrifice and witchcraft.These poems reflect the Indian period of primitive society to slavery and class differentiation and the idea of social transition, the life and customs.Mythology praises to god is most of the gods of indra.For the myth of the god, the Indian religions explain later.Modern western scholars to think that they are the embodiment of natural phenomenon, thought is a reflection of social phenomenon, after due to excavation of cultural relics appear constantly, reflected in the myths and legends have a further understanding of the historical facts.Works of several poems to the doubts about god, shows the earliest Indian philosophy.The rig Veda as ancient history of literature is human precious heritage.

As literary works, the rigveda contains some of the early man is pure and fresh and simple poems.There are many poems has a level in art, not the original simple song.The poem in the book for 15 kinds of rules, visible at the time the development of literary creation.Metrical poetry is the number of each section of the poem sounds neat sentence as a unit.Four of the eight sounds other popular rules of composition section, is generally called 32 sound section of the body.Of course, including some sterility, words, the mechanical work, such as to give some praise poem.

The rig Veda by oral for a long time, after the writing, until the 19th century by the European press for the first time.Existing all the languages translation or translation.

2, the "mahabharata"

"Mahabharata" is 300 BC - AD 300 years a group of poets and the division, which compiled together. It is about 1000 BC the Aryan Kings bucket to the stoppage of potential story, is a magnificent epic verve.

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The mahabharata and the ramayana and called India two epic.The ramayana has translated by Mr Ji was published in the 1980 s."The mahabharata" almost as long as the content of the four times the size of the ramayana., the book is divided into 18 core story was based on the nations disputes the Indian society as the background of The Times, describes the suoluo multi-race two descendants all Lou clan the battle for the throne and the pandavas struggle.This is called the encyclopedic epic scale, content, so far the world's only lasted half a century to complete the Indian Sanskrit scholars "mahabharata" school-based and after the English translation, and scholars of translation, such as France and America are.In the late 1980 s, with the support of Mr Metal restricting wood, led by the Chinese version of "mahabharata" translation project started, after a group of scholars of hard efforts, for seventeen years, under support Mr Bao-sheng huang completed the project, handed down from ancient times has become the world's only one of the three types of text.

"The mahabharata" core plot summary

"Mahabharata" the book is divided into 18, to dispute the Indian society as the background of The Times, the nations are described suoluo multi-race two descendants all Lou clan fight the battle for the throne and the pandavas.

As the countries and of a city degree is two brothers.A country born blind, and thus by degrees to the throne.The countries have the ancient philosophers, the eldest son is.Degrees have five, eldest son hard battle.This is a great many peoples of the two seed of Borneo, the former is called the lu clan, which is known as a family.Soon, a degree of die, by the regent.Established within years, should inherit father degree to the throne.But is not allowed to attempt to usurp the throne, the dispute began.

Is design a flammable lac palace, five brothers lived let the pandavas, ready to fire burned them.A degree of five brothers survived, the family in the forest.Meanwhile, a covered Luo Guowang daughter princess black to choose the wedding ceremony, held a degree of family of five brothers in brahman to the test.O one of the five brothers weeks that the requirements according to the selected, holding a big iron bow, archery target, won the princess.Since then, five black for the pandavas brothers wife together.Five brothers also the pandavas revealed their real identities in this event.So, hold the recall them, half to their homeland.

Gave their land for a degree based day emperor city, brilliant achievements.Is heart of envy, and design dice gambling scheme.Strong war is not willing to participate in gambling, but out of courtesy, or difficult to enemy to accept the offer.In the dice, strong war lose all property and the kingdom, and he lost four brother and myself, finally lose their five brothers wife together black princess.So difficult enemy command his brother difficult drops black forcibly dragged to the princess, the gambling hall constant publicly disgraced.A degree of some one of the five forces are furious, vowed to avenge.Intervention, holding the feeling something, have to promise to black princess's request, 5 release the pandavas.But is unwilling to get a degree, the family of five brothers, request to gamble again, twelve years for losers side exile forest, but also hidden in the thirteenth year of life, such as is found out, to exile in the twelfth year again.The gambling nature is the result of the war lost.Five brothers in this way, pandavas being forced to hand over the land, twelve years in exile in the forest, and anonymity in 13 years, in the poor countries which the ROM Cha king in the court ACTS as a servant.

Five brothers thirteen years after the expiration of the pandavas to reclaim lost territory, is firmly not allowed.Then, each ally, to prepareThe war.To obtain a degree of family many city dark (the great spirit of the avatar of Vishnu) support.A degree of clan and jiu Lou messengers back and forth negotiations both sides.Is to refuse to make peace.In order to avoid a hard battlebleedingWar, to make the biggest concessions, just return the five villages, and is claimed that doesn't even give tip bigger place.Finally, the two sides in the war Lu Zhiye.

War for 18 days, after repeated violent contest, lu clan army demise.Congrats to see pandavas, did not expect the lu clan left three key in stealth army of the pandavas in a deep sleep at night, all the soldiers kill the pandavas.Dark five brothers and the pandavas spared by is not in the camp.In the face of such a tragic end, strong fighting spirit depressed, but under the persuasion, finally to reign as king.Strong war rule for 36 years, learned that dark death ascend to heaven.So he only specify the pandavas heirs - week o the grandson as the heir to the throne, then together with his brother and four black princess travel climbing up to heaven.

3, the thin and song

The thin and song (Bhagavad Gita) contents are mainly Hindu various creed.

, from "the mahabharata" chapter 23 to the 40th chapter, chapter eighteen, seven hundred, called the bhagavad gita.The blessed one for the honour of dark, means that honour person or the Buddha.

"Mahabharata" is mainly about ancient Indian burden in the lu clan and pandavas Lu Zhiye occurrence of a war, they were Cousins, but the fight for the sake of the kingdom's sovereignty.Legend, vyasa fish privet letter to marry all Lu Zhizi bastard city fu body before the king, has been in the forest practice asceticism, zhen letter with sheng-yu wang fu body of about two sons spend and wu have no descendants, Yu Shizhen letter to vyasa, let him and chi wu two widow sex, and two sons were born to hold countries and degrees, hold the gave birth to the ancient philosophers, the eldest son is;A degree of abital, respectively born of gong's war, some military, weeks that o and son's twin and together day.Because the country was born blind, a degree of the throne, a premature death, holding the helm kingdom, established within years later, with the specified for his heir, but is use plot to seize power, after many years of dispute, the two sides eventually meet each other in all Lu Zhiye blood blade.

Shi, Vishnu the formerly known as day is blessed the king's eldest son, Jane letter to marry the body condition is to oneself the son of the king's throne, vows day to help his father, to abjure throne, neverTo get married, hence the name "Vishnu mo", meaning "made a dire promise"., although his sympathy pandavas long-term by the lu family support, but had to both as commander-in-chief of the lu clan, this is the source of this.

Dark is the son of degree of clan serval divas, gong is his aunt, therefore, with a degree of abital are Cousins, support degree of abital, but he is three major Hindu gods (the god of creation god Vishnu and brahma and protect god shiva, the destroyer), one of the avatar of Vishnu.

Vyasa still lived in the forest, but saw the whole process of the war and spent three years to write this epic.Is thin and song by holding the charioteer and attendants wins with the description of blind battlefield event started, before the war, weeks that o dark channel, this paper achieve liberation three path: industry (action) yoga, wisdom (knowledge) and letter (faith) yoga, yoga these three yoga supplement each other.Dark emphatically to him about yoga and final liberation of simplified method - dark worship.This article is the spirit of the ancient Indian religious essence, as well as the most sacred and mysterious documents.

4, the ramayana

The ramayana ayodhya from 800 BC, was another epic about the royal family. It is said to be the author of ant consumes (Valmiki), described the rama empire into (Vishnu) incarnation of Vishnu, the perfect personality and immortal feats made him the ideal model of the monarch. Colorful description for this great dramatic myths adds a lot of brilliance.

The ramayana "rama's life" or "ramayana", it has to do with "mahabharata" said two ancient Indian epics, also is the people of India's major contribution to world literature, it has been in the history of Indian literature and world literature history lofty status.

The legend of epic author is valmiki.There is a lot of legends about the India, many tales full of myth.But the existing form of the ramayana was not by valmiki one hand, some scholars have suggested that perhaps at the beginning of the mosquitoes he written in verse form the outline of the ramayana, later, on the basis of it after the posterity of spread and modify, to gradually improve the rich;After Mr Ji after years of research, points out that perhaps valmiki for mouth pass before the ramayana has made the prominent processing and finishing work, make this a great work on the content and style has been greater unity, so he became a "author".After him, of course, the ramayana, still have the spread and development of a long-term process.So the ramayana is the crystallization of the collective wisdom of Indian people.Its written era also disagree, dozens of different opinions.Some believe that it may be formed in the 5th century BC, some said it formed in the 4th century BC to the 2nd century between, and so on.

"Rama girder that" than the epic "mahabharata" space is smaller, the poem is divided into seven articles, about more than 24000, but its story, structure formation, in the theme and artistic techniques even rhetorical interpretation skills are set up the model, is the pioneer of the classical poets.The ramayana was, therefore, known as "the original poem," set a shining example to subsequent long narrative, laid the foundation of the format.

Is the main content of the ramayana describes a hero life story of rama and sita his wife, can be said to be the one to overcome the hard and the violent ode to hero.But because of brahman and powerful to tamper with the folk narrative poem serve system, so in the ramayana throughout the lower level to the upper WeiMingShiTing, resigned.

Today, orthodox hindus believe the ramayana and the mahabharata "are inviolable scripture, and see them as a solution to the problem such as religion, philosophy and morality debate guidelines.In India the ramayana, therefore, is a household name, the layman.More than 2000 years, women worship sita, think she is the epitome of wife and mother.The cult of rama, one hundred million people take him as a saint and example, greeting, a blessing, even the people mouth shout "rama, rama", when two acquaintances meet each other, also said: "rama, rama" hello;Should not happen happened, was surprised and said "rama, rama".

As for the "epic" that god monkey hanuman, by fanatical worship, much monkey temple forest, there are also many monkeys, especially the north, and more common.All of these are closely related with the ramayana.To this day, people leave the age of mythology is very far away, but the story of the ramayana still influences the people's life, thoughts and culture, festival rally in many places, not watch the ramayana about theater, is related to this song and dance performances, overnight, for days, 10 days, or even longer, they linger, don't know tired.

The ramayana xi hence not only by the people of India, is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, widely circulated, to India has great influence on people's religious beliefs, and had a great influence on the world.For a long time, and it was translated into German, French, English, Russian and so on, especially the literature of south and southeast Asian countries and a greater role in people's minds.Happily, there are Chinese translation press, Mr Ji as early as 1973 to translate the ramayana, after five years of hard struggle, has all the translations that the glory of the immortal masterpiece, it will be greatly conducive to the understanding of India, also will be more promote the study on the relationship between the culture of China and India.Founded by LiuHongPing.

5, the puranas

Puranas (Purana) assembly in a total of between 500-1000 before ah, the main content of enlightenment and some fairy tales. Today's Hindu mythology mainly comes from the easy to understand classical literature.