Abstract: in India, the cow is worshiped gods, the special status is indeed has its historical evolution, the evolution and developmentThe HinduIn India's position is closely related to the growth and decline of the rise and fall;Not only that, the Indian people love animals behavior in human social development history is also a mark to take an examination of, it goes with primitive religion don't kill animals taboos have similarities.Through the comparison with the original animal totem, can see the idol worship of animals is across time and space, it is not along with the evolution of modern civilization and the development of market economy, in today's society is still in its stage of the activity.After all, the tens of thousands of years, animals and people will coexist in one earth, and it should be so, humans and animals should be the subject worth thinking about how to live in harmony.

Key words: Hinduism;Cattle worship;Animal totem

As is known to all, India is the heaven of cattle.The Indian cattle reared in the home, to the ox, name of talking with cattle, with wreaths and ribbons of cattle.India also endowed with the right to wander around, not only can walk freely in the field, but also can walk on the highway, walking on the streets of the city, through the busy streets, vastly car also want to make way for them, traffic police are baffled.Thus formed the unique in the world "people make cattle", "for the pursuit of" cow's landscape.But behind this unique landscape is unique religious and IndiaCustoms and habitsAt work.

One, the ancient Indian social life "cow"

India is a multi-religious country, among them, the Hindu dominated, with a total of 80% of the total population of hindus, look from the absolute Numbers, hindus behavior is on behalf of the Indian wind and social life.Hindus worship cows, especially see cows as their holy spirit, so the cow in Indian society has the sacred status: in the cities, god cattle could be free to pacing on the streets;In the countryside, god cattle can literally into the field, they feed or trample the immature crops is not driven by the master.Hindus are strictly forbidden to slaughter cattle, can not eat beef, also cannot use leather products.Such a phenomenon is almost can be seen everywhere in India, people now have generally accepted the indians like this feature, and, in fact, not all kinds of cattle were liked by people in India and worship, more not all indians Revere cows, put this custom in history investigation can be very clear in your mind, cattle at first was not popular with people in India, cow is twists and turns in the formation of long revered status.

In 1800 BC, the aryans entered the south Indian subcontinent, and after one thousand years in northern India.On the basis of modern archaeological data, the aryans are a nomadic people, they accompany with horses and cattle and sheep and other animals for a living, also left the earliest Hindu holy books, the rig Veda.The vedas earliest recorded in the Indian caste system "brahman" sacrifice class, "the kshatriya" samurai, "barking up" merchant class and "sudra untouchable caste" this four different social class.From this point of view, a sacrificial class Hinduism is the earliest prototype has emerged.Due to religious controlled by brahman class at this moment, so this one phase of Hinduism can be called the brahmans.

Now come down "vedic" classic book and no sign of cattle worship.The Aryan worship is god, the god of all kinds of representative natural phenomenon and social phenomenon with ray and electricityThe warGod indra, god vulcan jain, "o", "luna", etc. [1].And brahman caste is one of the religious duty to sacrifice to choose what kind of slaughtered cattle what method, it shows that the vedic period of Indian neither fasted beef or to protect them.It has to do with the economic way of life, the nomadic life, cattle were the main domesticated animals, beef, milk and dairy products are edible, cattle have acted as currency to circulate.

But should clear is that the vedic hymns and brahman is discussed in the book is made up of "brahman", which results in the brahman belongs to great social class at that time, they discussed the natural won't take care of their eyes lower social class of people the real life and emotion, these low-caste is neglected in the religious life, or at the time of the case is no religious status [2].Which are accounted for, according to most of the Aryan society that most people deal with horses and cattle and other animals, all the day long engaged in productive labor, livestock becomes almost all of their personal property.From this perspective, of the cattle in their life weight is quite heavy.According to India's famous scholars just toba and textual research, many lexical roots in vedic literature is "cow", it reflects the ox, which is closely linked with the Aryan life is like the word "war" to "compete for the cattle";"Tribal sheikhs" stands for "who has hundreds of cows", etc. [3].

Above, the fact that the original Aryan into Indian religion does not protect the cattle.However, as the upper ruling tool can not truly reflect the real situation of religious works.Actually when masses of working people in their daily lives have been inseparable from the cattle useful livestock, cattle has become part of their basic life.But at the time of India, the cow worship has not appeared.

About to around 500 BC, the Indus civilization collapsed, the Ganges river basin appeared many kingdoms, residents of India, the production, and business mainly concentrated in the city.The monsoon rains here to ensure the sufficient irrigation, fertile alluvial soil formation, gradually developed into an area with production potential [4].

With the main production mode by the flow of the nomadic economy to fixed the transformation of the agricultural economy, the population growth in the Ganges river basin for several times, brought about by the rapid growth of the population is the contradiction between natural resources and human existence, to accelerate the forest are cut down, dwindling natural resources, in the behind of the contradiction between man and nature, between human beings began to intensify contradictions, and the resulting is war, drought and years of famine, the lower people's faces a barrage of difficult.The brahmin upper ignoring folk sufferings, is still a large amount of taxes to farmers, and continue to slaughter cattle and other livestock, to satisfy their appetite.At the time of meat products are mainly dispersed in the population of small breeding cattle are often is a one of the most important production tools, but offered sacrifices to the gods to slaughter a large number of cattle, however, once deprived as an important property of cattle, small home for most poor people, basically is deprived of all his property, so don't want to give more and more people as a tribute.

At the same time, the development of commodity economy makes the original social class of important changes have taken place in economic relations, the kshatriya, barking up big businessmen, rich agricultural main with brahman had a sharp contradiction between the upper, the brahminism social ideological trend with it [5].Of upper class against the brahmans and lower people against arbitrary combined the requirement of the slaughtering of livestock, formed the huge impact to the brahmin privileges, to produce the first Indian society advocated ahimsa religions - Buddhism.The Buddha Gautama siddhartha, advocate people through meditation, rather than the ceremony and pray to achieve the purpose of saving;At the same time, he condemned ACTS, to take the life of animals and people against animal sacrifice.At the same time, India has also started several similar advocacy ahimsa religion.The 3rd century BC, the king of the peacock, the son of the founder chandragupta famous ashoka after converted to Buddhism, Buddhism in India by special preferential treatment, ahimsa and maigre atmosphere gradually flourished.

As a oppose brahman privilege of new religion, Buddhism got a rapid development in India, has replaced the brahman dominance, but the native of the brahmans did not die, but constantly adjust himself in the crisis, in the eighth century, suoluo taught become a Hindu, and overcome the Buddhism to held a dominant position in the social life in India.About the cause of the Hindu win, the late 19th century great Sanskrit scholars mithra (Rajandra Mitra) wrote in 1872: when brahman believers may not be different emphasis and compete successfully abolished all sacrifice of Buddhism, they found that respect the faith of animal life popular, powerful and anomaly root can't overcome it, so they will gradually, unconsciously adopted this doctrine, to make it look like is part of their original doctrine.Hindu trends produced change, diversified into one yuan worship worship, worship rudra become the supreme god, and absorbed a lot of the people believe in the doctrine of popular, including most of buddhist doctrines, these changes lead to a small number of original noble worship brahminism transition to the sex of the Hindu, and prohibit killing became an important part of the Hindu teachings.

From killing to ahimsa, Hindu took one thousand years to complete the transformation of faith, then the Hindu devotees think the gods do not eat meat, those described in the rig Veda sacrifice sacrifices text is only a metaphor and symbolic action [6], overturned in the rig Veda superstition for animal sacrifices, adopted the principle of ahimsa.For the spread of better faith, believers, constantly absorbing other teachings adjustment process, the teachings of the Hindu reformers given by the special geographic environment of India zebu irreplaceability, cut with peasants life close related to the real status of mentioned the height of the gods, become the main food of Hindu ceremony milk instead of beef, have a divine incarnation of cattle in real life, have not slaughter and "do", the notion of cattle worship began to form.

Second, the Hindu worship cows

In the Hindu teachings content, the cow is indispensable.First of all, the cow is associated with India back metempsychosis doctrine of theology.Return from a devil round to a cow to experience the process of metempsychosis, 86 times more than a metempsychosis, soul can afterlife for human form.And killed a cow person's soul will be back on the whole process of the lowest level, to start the cycle of life.In order to help the soul of a loved one to save trip, relatives feeding to donate money to the Indian temple in cattle.They believe that the dead must cross a river of fire and their donation will be the dead hold the rights of a cow tail, so that he swam across the flame river successfully.As a result, the orthodox hindus will claim a cow before dying.

And Hindu think god is flexible in cows, theologians put a cow in the body of the number of the god and goddess confirmed for 330 million.So, indians believe that came out of the cow (or bull) body of everything is sacred.In the black god as the guardian of the cow festival ceremony, the priest made from cow dung model of god, pour the milk on the statues of the navel, and then crawl around the gods in the temple on the ground.Priests also made a sacred "honey pulp," to, butter, milk, curd, urine and dung -- as raw material, they sprinkle the honey paste on or coated on the icon and believers, as a holy;Another statue bathed with fresh milk every day.And the lamp burn in the temple is also made of butter extract special cream.Housewives with dry cow dung and cow dung ash to clean, to make their home ground and get ritual cleaning of the oven.

Not only cows, bulls also play an important role in the myth, one of the Hindu god Siva, destruction of the mount is a bull, it is regarded as holy cow di (Nandi), shiva often rode it cruise in heaven.In the shiva temple gate across India bull statue, is prone position more, some on stone stage, some small pavilion, built on a single small temple.Statue of stone, bronze, have generally ecru, have painted color, uniform is powerful and strong, lifelike.The statue is also often hung with garlands, share the honor of god.

Another dark days god, god of compassion and children, is India's most popular idol today, in the Hindu sacred literature is described as a guardian of cattle cowboy.In some necessary occasions need to dismantle idols, do not allow people to break by hand, but for the calf to trample, because devout hindus believe that dark won't mind his beloved animal to trample him.

Although modern India has long been the separation of church and state, but many religious belief throughout the daily life.For hindus, the cow is the vehicle of Lord shiva, worship cows as worship god, each head of cattle on his back seemed to be on the shiva, patrol the Indian land, the Hindu cattle are endowed with many meanings, and then there are saying, indians love of cows like primitive totem worship of ancient times, the Hindu bull is Indian totem, was a continuation of the old generation of totem worship in the modern.Totem worship is one of the main characteristics of primitive religion, animal worship is a kind of totem worship, and with the development of human history, animals gradually out of the category of modern religious worship, but is, Hinduism is an exception, it will idolization of cattle, cattle worship and cow protection become its core doctrines, hindus without exception admitted that in their minds the cow is holy.

In India of cattle is an inclusive attitude is reminiscent of the primitive worship of respect for animals, so there is a connection between the two, if any link to any.To solve this problem, you first need to review the projector totem containing righteousness, "Toten" is a modern vocabulary, is the indians JiBo tribal dialects and literal translation for "his", is refers to the clan as the ancestors of some things [7].

Archaeologists and one kind of scientist found in the process of tracing the origin of human, as early as the neolithic age in primitive tribal circulated at this primitive belief, at that time, people who not only as a kind of animal or plant of the gods to worship, and they serve as the ancestors of their clan or tribe.It is conceivable that people in the process of fight with harsh natural environment, to threaten his life the most animals feel most directly, will produce the idea of respect for animals, this is the beginning of the totem.Later, climate and environment change makes the most primitive way of living by hunting settled into, plant to provide humans with stable sources of material, has gradually evolved into a totem.But with the development productivity is not broken, the person's thinking level also progress, gradually get rid of the blind worship of animals and plants, people began to respect human ancestors, but at the moment, totem concept has been deeply rooted, and become a fixed address a group of people, by the fusion of communication in continuously at the same time, began to get rid of the oneness of totem, appeared a lot of compound totem.World most nation has ever had this kind of ancestor worship, along with the development of society, the totem of the mysterious gradually fade.Economic development level, the good society, the less factors about totem is reserved.Just in a lot of backward minority primitive tribes and remote, you can also see clear traces [8].

From the late eighteenth century British scholar j. lundgren begin study totem this kind of phenomenon, then until the 20th century, after numerous sociologists, historians, scholars study repeatedly, was identified as "totem" has the following four identities: first, the "totem" is a sign of an original group or envisage, think with totem of people related to each other;Second, tribe or a group to the survival of the logo or envisage as root, pimitive belief is the totem of banner, the patron saint of security, the prophet, is the cornerstone of the social order at the same time, material to give, thus developed a set of special sacrifice ceremony;Third, do not get optional blasphemy, damage as totems of animals and plants, or other things;Fourth, each totem group has about totem of myths and legends, the myth is an integral part of the totem belief [9].

Three, the relationship between cows and modern totem worship

Based on the basic characteristics of the totem, to look at the cow status in India.In the national elections held in the Indian national congress, the cow and calf on the flyer as a symbol of India's national, those illiterate people only need to draw a fork it indicates that the selected to congress.The cow has become a symbol of the country.In underdeveloped regions of India, the value of a woman often even not as good as a cow, cow, no one abuse does not respect the life, but many women child marriage family abuse, often lethal [10].This is the one big drawback of India, but from the side also reflects a cow in India's special status.A lot of people in India are inevitably on Indian society "people make cattle" unique landscape, the cattle are considerably has become synonymous with India.From this point, it is the same as the iconic role as totem, can be a sign to distinguish a particular group, the logo just cows group and the nature of the original totem sign by the group is not the same, no longer constrained by blood ties the clan circle, but with the national characteristics.

Hindus generally have a respect to the cow, for the said to the cow's respect, and in addition to pray to god, god cattle in places of worship and pilgrimage, India has specifically for cow festival blessing.India held once a year a grand worship festival - "high", to show the love and admiration for cattle.During the festival, people use the leaves and flowers into the flowers around the cow's neck, and paint the horns according to individual be fond of colorful, still hang a lot of coconut and cookies on the horn, and then hand have all sorts of color of holy water bottles, walk three times around the cattle, and walked straight spilled the water to the cattle, and in front of cattle, and fell worship four times.Next by local elders or monks holding cattle through the streets, holy cow because of not used to the weight on the horn and constantly glancing header, hung on the horns of the fruit, pastries, then people rushing, are racing to may think these from cattle touched things will bring good luck for people [11].More religious people knelt down in the dust of past of cattle are raised, just out of cow dung onto his forehead.After cows were scattered, people also have to play the drums to chant buddhist scripture off.Village doctors even collected neat's foot print of dust, and the soil used for treatment.Primitive totem ritual of specific situation has been impossible, but from the remaining remote minority can capture the traces of it, a lot of ethnic minorities also have special sacrifice that, but it is not only in the special day or on special occasions will worship totem animal, when marry marriage funeral in weekdays, labor or harvested beginning to worship.From this point of view, the two do not match the number of times while celebrating, but begging for my good attitude is the same, the ceremony hosted by the people behind the best wish is the same.

India scripture forbids killing cattle, eating beef, the taboo has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.When breeding has been criticized for those who have lost cattle production and fertility of the custom of the old cow, indians will answer say: "when the mother when she is old would you like to send her to the butcher to go there?"India doctrine not only so, the government also issued a series of legal auxiliary file shows that the government is not advocated to kill.In India, in addition to the state of west Bengal and kerala, in all the other side of the law are forbidden to kill cows.The ban slaughtering cows is India's constitution stipulates.Only raise don't kill the practice of making India not only have the world's largest cattle, one hundred and eighty million head of cattle (including fifty million water cattle), but also has the world's largest sick, lose, no milk, aging and weak cattle.

About the taboo to eat this shows is that it changes.Ancient animals as totem fete ceremony on the [12] is forbidden to kill the food totem animal, but in the later development of totem taboo has been one of the more relaxed, after people in catch totem animal, although there is still fear but edible.Such as the lhoba nationality tiger clan has looked into male relatives, shall not be arbitrarily.But with the improvement of understanding of natural essence, natural phenomena, the fear of animals, respect psychological decreasing, coupled with lack of food, so sacred totem taboo has changed, totem taboo gradually relaxed.After the lhoba nationality clan who hunt tiger tiger, held a grand "suo MiaoRen" or "da mu," after the ceremony began to kill the tiger eats meat.[13] as the case may be, of course, there are also several ethnic minorities have been following the totem animal was buried away died without eating habits.Found in has paleolithic sites in the primitive society, there are a lot of animal bones, which including the clan totem animal, which means in sacrificial rituals, probably is a clan of animals as a sacrifice, taboo does not mean absolute ahimsa, although has the absolute binding in most of the time.

In India, too, in the society due to the nature of aging and death our thoughtlessness, every year there are millions of Indian cattle dead, in addition to those who eat beef tantra christians, muslims, christians, and other non hindus, members of the Hindu low-caste were allowed to eat carrion forms of beef, cow body became untouchable who feeds on carrion property, so hindus is not absolute don't eat beef.As for the behavior of the slaughter of cattle is all along, gupta dynasty emperor, gupta in A.D. 465 years issued a rescript, equate to kill a cow crimes with killings of a brahmin priests.This means that when someone dare to ignore the JinGui of fasting, beef and not to the brahmin JinGui of revenge, beef cattle or made profits buying and selling.In recent years, because western mad cow disease makes India cattle are welcomed by the international consumer of beef, slaughtering 14.5 million head of cattle in India in 2003, the fourth of the world, beef exports than before has doubled in two years.India's leather industry is very developed, thousands of tanneries throughout the country, from personnel of course of millions of years of leather exports nearly $2 billion.Driven by high profits, smuggling, trafficking, steal kill cows events emerge in endlessly, India has many realistic novels directly or indirectly reflect the reality, such as column, chang DE "GeDan".

Both treat totem animal, and treated as a divine cow, as long as is the source of protein, it provides the possibility of a kind of edible for humans, in survival pressure or driven by economic interests, there are leaks in any taboo.Cow, even a totem in the minds of modern India, also can't get rid as the nature of the animals.

As for a last feature, cow is also a big weight in Hindu mythology, classical epic "mahabharata" at the beginning of the article "the one hundred and sixty-fourth chapter tells a story about the best god cattle.The effect is that the king and all the friends envy extremely abundant fairy song female city of god cattle, even the king's table with presents to change, to immortal.The king was angry, plundered by force, as a result, the cattle angered god, god cattle use of divine power, before the king.History of poetry and some verses about cows, to kill a cow and patricide, rebellious felonies, such as uniform is death.Sur poetry written in 15, the sixth century, the sea "in also has such as the dark to herd cattle, the dark to the forest the cows in the poetry.Almost every totem animal has a corresponding myth story spread, this point is consistent with both.

Comprehensive the above several aspects can be seen that the Hindu cattle worship and totem of several main characteristics are basically coincident, from this sense, the cow is a totem of indians.Hinduism is a comprehensive very strong religious, people's minds in India, monkeys, elephants andThe mouseThese animals are god is holy, but there is no such universal.Indian cattle worship has become a unique landscape attracts the attention of the world, has also become an interesting topic in the study of religion.But in daily life, it is not the commonly used cattle totem of this statement, this suggests that there is a difference between worship of totem and modern religious animal, more importantly, totem has its historical position and a general sense of cultural significance.

In primitive society, people will worship of the totem as a sign of their clan or tribe, think with totem have blood relationship between people.The distinction sexual mores in under the impact of the intermarriage and the development trend of unification gradually decline, blood relationship is diluted, gradually substitute for ancestor worship.Originally substantive meaning is abstract, totem has a symbolic meaning as a national symbol.India people idea of the cow does not have the national symbolic, it is attached on the cloak of religion, still has practical value, the actual function is India's determined by the unique geographical environment, but also the inevitable choice of historical development.

In modern times, the indians respect cattle, rather than prehistoric hominids blind fear caused by ignorance, cattle are required of the vast majority of poor farmers in India, People's Daily production and life of cattle.According to black, (A.H eston) in 1971, 12 contemporary anthropology in the report, the poorest farmers have the most to birth of cows, because their land, rarely had to rely on the garbage from the village, the roadside weeds, water reed. There are obtained from the leaves of second-class feed their cattle, so we have plenty of hungry cattle in order to survive and ACTS as a scavenger, this fact, in turn, has led to a surface illusion: useless, stray cattle to wander, blocking traffic.Or grain supply center in the city of begging or steal to eat.But almost all these seems to be a stray cattle have master, master know these cows and encourage their cattle to do everything.

Famous anthropologist Marvin Harris is using materialism more thoroughly analyses the reasons of the India maintain a large number of cattle, to his analysis, although most of the cow is hungry, they still show the Indian cattle lineages of bear hardships and stand hard work, many "barren" sooner or later began to calving cows and milk.Even if a cow produces only one calf every three or four years.Only two or three litres of milk a day, then the calf with milk, coupled with the overall value of cow dung income also can almost one-third or more of the poor family income.Once the cow gave birth to a male calf, they will spend some cost it raised, then can take the place of oxen, or have their own cattle for the first time, this will increase the contribution of cows [15].In western societies agronomists eyes or useless, that extra animals in India's eyes is still has the potential to dig.

Gandhi said: "the cow why was elected the sanctification of object, my in the mind is very clear.In India the cow is the best partner.She has given to man is rich, she not only give us milk, also make the whole agriculture possible."This sentence is very good highlights the cow is the material basis for the sanctification of India.India is one of the traditional agricultural country, self-sufficient smallholder farming is hundreds of millions of farmers is the most basic way of life.Cattle this beast is the lifeblood of farmers, the majority of the population plow, transportation, planting, harvesting, sugar, oil and so on, mainly cattle, while milk is directly from the cow.Vegetarian Indian farmers main recipes, beans, pasta, rice, milk, all without hard work.India's cow fan said: "the cow is our mother.She give us milk and butter.Her young bullock fields for us, give us food."At the same time also need to pay attention to the Indian tumor biological uniqueness, a specialty of the subcontinent - the consumption of zebu feed little, both hunger and not picky.It can not only in the heat, drought and other adverse conditions to pull the plough, high disease resistance, endurance, but also ACTS as the role of the village street sweeper, they eat straw, chaff, garbage, leaf, roadside weeds and humans cannot digest anything [16].In addition, the cow dung is the important fuel and fertilizer.Mother cow dung after dried without peculiar smell, and fly, don't burn up can also drive the mosquito.The flame of burning dung have no smell, clean, reliable, and how can do not need to care will very suitable for made in the form of slow cook various dishes.Mother cow dung and disinfection antiseptic effect, its effectiveness can be compared with lysol.Indian farmers like fresh mother cow dung on the wall all around, still damp dry after more firmly stick on the wall, so that can have the magic effect of Yin warm summer cool in winter.

In addition, the Hindu teachings will be raised to the height of the second only to god, which reflects both the demand of the people at that time,, in turn, strengthened the people's respect to cattle, to the afterlife for a good child, in this world should treat the messengers of god - the cow, the survival needs of real life plus religious driven cattle a favourite with indians, Hindu cattle worship this duality is what the original totem worship does not have.

But we should also see, many pimitive think same totem people related to each other, the resulting the totem of yan, develop different name of totem, on the basis of the first name and the person names, place names and the prime minister, this feature is the modern cattle worship.Although the original vedic literature there are a lot of vocabulary is a cow as the root, but modern Indian society is no longer in Sanskrit, basically can say cow symbolism has periodic, its deep cultural significance is limited.

Today, the study of totem has systematic has come to an end, academic circles is generally accepted that origin and religious origins is inseparable, totem totem as catalyst in the production of primitive religion, and become an important part of the primitive religion, as a religious phenomenon, the essence of the Hindu cattle worship also have such, there is no essential difference between the two, although big different historical background.

Four, animal worship modern significance

Although totem phenomenon has largely disappeared in the historical stage, but its cultural significance is far-reaching, become a generation after generation together there's legacy.Totem culture is both religious culture and social culture, because it contains teaching, law, literature and art, marriage and a variety of factors such as social organization system.The play, the kill, fasting and forbid call totem, and the same totem groups prohibit marriages between these early humans were taboo systems, is actually the origin of the early common law and marriage law.Human group named after totem, make the original population has its own name for the first time.A within each clan, tribe totems shall not repeat, the rules of the primitive society is the earliest social organization system.In addition, art, totem mythology and so on all have origin relations with the subsequent cultural phenomenon.

Totem is the essence from philosophy level, research on the relationship between human and nature, from the beginning of fear to later cultural heritage, people have been awe, has been trying to keep a harmonious relationship with other species.Though faith first objective conditions disappear, but the ideological independence become each nation's unique heritage, the heritage constitutes a part of culture, in a variety of forms such as religion, affects the hearts of a group of people, thus formed the particular group character, build the national characteristics.

From the perspective of the relationship between human and animals, both in the material (animals for human provides rich in protein and other nutrients), also is in the mind (people who even now in a spiritual attachment), since the birth of human, there is no away from dependence on animals, regardless of the ultimate fate of the totem animals, they have all been coexist with humans, and even today with human inseparable, also made an indelible contribution for the development of human beings.The practice of different tribes to protect different totem creatures to a certain extent also to maintain the biodiversity, human is through understanding of nature, especially the observation of the animals developed itself.Harmony between different organisms should be how to become a problem of concern in modern society, how to meet their basic needs and consensus between biological conservation is worth thinking carefully.

Totem is a kind of historical phenomenon, but it shows the philosophical meaning of did not disappear, the country still has a realistic stage in India.Although India has a lot of existing problem, but see indians laissez-faire attitude towards cattle, they have large in population density in the respect of religion is keeping to the cow, it is gorgeous!Indians believe that cow selflessly provided milk, is a cow make the land rich in human life.Their gratitude, returns, will drive up to the position of god to worship.The worship to demonstrate a fear mentality, and they treat nature is the return of the original simple moral.Although NiuChong worship only as an attachment to the Hindu brahma worship, although also can appear the luxury of idol worship, but this kind of spiritual beliefs to continue and be kept down very well.This in today's increasingly lost faith, for more and fan exploration of people, is a kind of alert.

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[14] [15] [16] and [6]

Author: Zhang Shuo, the original problem: Hinduism cattle worship