The first chapter: Taoism charms spell prevue]

In our "soul hunter", "journey to the west" and other classic novels and contemporary wuxia novels, often have a Taoist priest, wizards and outlaw hero or battle sword (" union ", "mumble," or "burn a few paper", or with the sword refers to into the air above the "virtual painting in circles", can change in dungeons, stealth, move mountains, it's raining...The plot of the description.These road flyover, wizards, outlaw hero "word", as a reading of the "language" of nan, the burning of paper, "painted" circle ", is to explore the character of this book spells.

Spell, also called a curse word, god to curse, curse, curse, curse tactic, formula, tactic, spell, prophecy, code, and so on.In witchcraft and * * *, and is generally believed that some language with divine power, magic and mana, this has a divine power, magic, mana language was called spells.

Spells and spells are two different concepts.Conjuring refers to the skills, technology and method of the caster.Spells include mantra, ritual, and are seen (in the spell with some equipment, such as knife, sword, hair, bones, etc.) the three major elements.Spell is one of the elements of spells.

The curse of associated with the primitive worship of the magic of language.In the primitive society of productivity is very low, the language is to unite clan members, promote social development is the most powerful tool.Language itself is one of the means of production, which even accounting for the first of all means of production at the time.A group with their bare hands or with raw to kill your ability is very low branches of the primitive, they together chasing wild animals, only use gestures or language, to unified action, close cooperation hunt wild animals.In addition, the primitive don't understand drought,The floodFlood and the harvest gathering, hunting, or failure causes, and thought have a soul, ghosts and gods in it, believe that the good god, give a person with good harvest to the person;Ahriman to natural and man-made, then pray for good, evil curse of god, and god's emotion.After they prayed or curse, may also get harvest, good results are obtained.When primitive people see language can dominate people's action, make difficult to hunt wild animals has been captured, pray or curse benefit, then on the basis of fault associations, think these good results is the role of language, are prayers and curse, to think that language has magic, it can bring people happiness or disaster, can dominate ghosts and gods and nature.This belief in magic language worship, in the later development process, and concentrated on the spell.Spell becomes a role in a particular purpose, there is a not resist the power of speech, and it can make ordinary things are capable of witchcraft.

Most spells with the following features:

One is the repeated chanting of repeatability.

The second is the meaning of hard and difficult to express the genie cannot be interpreted and mysterious.

Three is the rhythmic syllable, is more in terms of words and syllables, length, speed has a certain regularity.

Four is accompanied by chanting, wizards rhythmic dance moves and teeth, * * * full of hatred and infinite pious tone of mood and atmosphere of rendering, enhancing the effect of a spell.

Structure, especially the structure of the Taoist incantations, generally is the first sentence called the name of ghosts and gods, intermediate declare to the requirement of ghosts and gods and command, at the end of the sentence with "such as imperative" knot, contains the obvious pray, the nature of the decree.

According to expression and space length is different, the curse can be divided into the curse, curse words (wu song, song of god), the three main forms.Like yunnan heqing county in northern suburb and XinTun bai female wizard in the tool bar on the ceremony before the god of singing "snow empress" is a mantra:

Empress you step to snow mountain

Hands away the you.

To be hot as fire,

Cold is cold cream.

One more weather cold,

Two more weather cold cream,

The night the heavy snow weather,

Four more weather snow and frost

Even the weather cock crow

Six more weather in the mountain trees to hang a bell.

Song is over, long hair, the witch bare feet too hot ploughshares, push to the step by step, climb to the top of tool rod.Fold the yellow paper pad, bite into a fire

Curse words and the curse curse word is the difference between a shorter in length and the curse is longer, zhou song song (wu) has long have short.From the point of view of function, many Taoist and buddhist scriptures can be seen as a spell.Because through these verses, can also lead to god and god's blessing, I have to be blessed.So many verses in the collected Taoist scriptures often have "recite the classics, can get ten sovereigns and god will be blessing, eliminate the evil fortune, in addition to the sin of heaven" such claim.In some ethnic minorities, more with spell "classics".Such as "Mr Zhuang vedas poem" "the poem" in a word, there are chanting.Wa, but also their epic "division in the post" as their national "the mantra of" K ".Whenever they held a * * * activity "make cut cow ghost", "night, cut the owner of the cow's ghost village people sitting around a home, listen to big magic and the longest spell in the post - 'company', content is about the origin of human beings, for the similar words, reading from twelve o 'clock at night to next day morning 9:00 xu, a total of nine hours to read.Read the magic to make different movements, sometimes standing, sometimes sit, sometimes jumping, and some ethnic group with the other, and the old man, with a horn cups of wine, all along with the change of the curse, sometimes excited, sad sometimes, but none doze off..."" in addition, from a functional point of view, read the name of ghosts and gods, the name of heaven, star name /} to prayer, swear, read some poetry, books, sixty-four hexagrams GuaCi, read nursery rhymes, etc all can be treated as different forms of chanting.So the collected Taoist scriptures in many texts also has the name such as the name of god ghost name and can be said of "driving the ghosts and gods, evil ghost", "three kingdoms", "journey to the west"

There are the "call a fall".Some scholars believe that prayer can produce significant psychological effects, plays the role of induction, suggest that, it actually is a kind of curse.Read nursery rhymes is equal to the most typical example of chanting, lu xun is quoted in the article the taiping rhyme formulas on April 6, 1928, the journal report published news and content of the three similar nursery rhymes.The news said that sun yat-sen mausoleum is completed, the society was rumored masons to taken the soul of the child, with the final closure, so every child left shoulder to the hanging red cloth party, written above four well-known nursery rhymes, so as to ward off evil spirits.These four well-known nursery rhymes generally has the following three kinds of similar content:

Someone to call my soul

Since the call since the bear

Do not call people

Capstone their graves

Stone called monk.

Again since the bear;

Urgent call home,

The capstone grave.

You made zhongshan tomb,

And I concern;

Retribution is not to go,

Call the bear again.

From the news and the content of the nursery rhyme, when many people are quite believe it's only a few let young children recite the nursery rhyme, are written on these few nursery rhyme or wear red cloth, can escape from the soul

Subject of bad luck.Reciting nursery rhymes is equal to the chanting, fully reflected here.

Operators of, in the example is interpreted as Taoist thought can be used to "drive ghosts, offering prayers and cure", such as the "text" of the god of heaven.In fact, there is a difference between with of.The holding tastes the article talked about the distinction:

Monks often took tianshui operator and bamboo'd make operator laozi left deed, and keep a really think of three general, dare not touch also.Second is recorded on a ghost, know the name of the ghost in the world, and "keeping one's promise" pai tse figure, but all the ghosts from.

Within the embrace from the tree "in this passage, the difference between the operator and of the content of the is operator is mainly qi rid, the main content of is the name of ghosts and gods and morphology.

Operator also has difference with smile on the function.For example, on the function, character are like people, communication, ghosts and gods "zip code", of "invitation" is like person to the ghosts and gods.With zip code and the invitation, please, ghosts and gods also can naturally something come to grind out a line of "tao".

Operator and of another difference is that the operator on the function such as Taoist sorcerer has been used as a main called god "drive" or "live" and other secret documents, while mainly of Taoist, true of, also is the Taoist books, is the Taoist personal cultivate one's morality, rose's certificate.It is like the act of hole xuan spi tutorial puts it: "of the ring of sex, check plug trespass, break the bad, in a way, from who enter the holy, since the beginning and end, from the ring of first, beginning but true."Of although also has the character of disaster prevention in addition to the disease, and so on, but not for others to this effect for themselves.Origin and evolution of operators that presently there are two main views.The emergence of a view that operator, is derived from the original thinking of wonderful imagination.The original operator is made of peach wood carving is god ShenCha and yu lei, referred to as the peach wood charms against evil.Legend of the east China sea: mountain under the peach tree has two gods, tu and yu lei, can eat a ghost.The ancients thought can mahogany town ghost exorcism, reason has on a summer in the New Year with peach wood painting two gods, hanging on the portal.Peach wood charms against evil is a couplet of future generations, and operator of appeared.If we say that the primitive religion led to the operator, then, Taoism of early folk penetration, will effectively promote the character of development, expanding the scope of its form and use.

About the character of the origin and evolution of another view is that the operator is a kind of ancient China, began in the early at the end of the spring and autumn and the warring states period, the qin and han dynasties.

Said wen jie zi "said:", also believed, the han system, with bamboo six inches long, and consistent."Before the eastern han dynasty before the invention of paper is made of bamboo, the bamboo cutting for two, and conform to, is equivalent to a certificate credentials.Modern "in" and "consistent" and other words, is the "character" of the ancient meanings retained.Bamboo of general use in folk exchange, loan certificate.And government contacts for friendly countries envoys and assemble the operator used by * * * is cast in bronze, gold, silver, jade and so on, make, shape points, dragon, tiger, turtle, snake, fish, etc., in the majority with tiger form, its surface inscribed text, use.In front of the two character consistency, side have prominent half cylinder, side is concave down column hole, two sides joint, the slightest diao;Poor, to form a whole, the so-called "character".Later to have the stamp, to gradually abolished with the letter with the character of 6).Road flyover to again later, wizards and the alchemist borrowed the name "operator", under the mask of the divine power in the form of symbols attached in the regulation of "text" or "graphics", and should be written to the provisions of the article such as paper, silk, wood, stone, known as the credentials and the exercise of god god, this is today as we can see figure hex sign "god".

The above two views, from different angles and sides discusses the origin and evolution operators, has certain scientific nature.However, explores the origin and evolution operators, shall also be from language and text worship, worship than text language has the use of the more prominent advantages in some respects song, exploration becomes more scientific and comprehensive.

From language perspective, worship of produce is also a reflection of the language worship, operator is the curse of writing.Some scholars think: "is likely to be the first documented operator only spells, later to the same sort of phase difference between words, reflect the character of the mystique and infinite power, only with deformation character and increase the lines on the surface of the operator, make operators face a like words of words, like pattern of the statement is a statement.""

In text worship ways, China's original hieroglyphs, is inherently artistic value and certain mystique, and then have the painting ", "hung fan" nine domain, "shu" and"The I chingThe emergence of "gossip more strengthened the ancient people's worship of text.Immortal figure and circulating Fang Shizhong seal, was originated from the worship of ancient text.Due to operator compared to the spell in the time scale resistance and space more show obvious advantage, since the qualitative on operator either stick on the thing to wear in the body and can give a person the sense with power in, so the operator

Apply to the later also, like the spell, more and more widely.

Operator forms, according to the carrier can be divided into different wood operators (including printing), paper, cloth, silk yarn and physical characters, etc.According to the structure and characteristics of different strokes can be divided into text yuan (figure 1, figure 1 scribbles (figure 1, 2) picture of the design, not text operator (FIG. 1-3), and the combination of words and pictures, words and patterns of operators, etc.

Text yuan, except for monks and wizard creates book couplet, "little" book, "shigandang," the name of god, and the book "the soul", "tao", "big" and "king" character also has the function of.Such as the Dragon Boat Festival in May, many places popular with realgarThe childThe forehead wrote a "king" word, to ward off evil spirits except him.

Physical characters such as Taoism and the han nationality folk common peach, peach wooden stick, in a dream of red mansions jia baoyu was born with wear piece and his song "psychic treasure jade", some minority cadres to wear animal bone residue, stones, certain plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, such as insulation, are typical of physical characters.And Taoism mirror, sword, books and other physical objects, also have the function of the operator.With absorption, offset, reflecting mirror, decomposition, reflection, projection, strengthen and conversion function, thus in Taoism and folk rituals, are often used to ward off evil spirits to destroy.Li shizhen in his "compendium of materia medica" also describes the effect that the mirror against the ghost exorcism:

Mirror is the essence of the goldwater, inside the dark outside.GuJingRu DLC, if there are gods, therefore can ward off evil spirit's mind.All people should be hanging mirror, can ward off evil spirit.Ge hong "holding tastes" cloud: "all things of the elders, the essence of sita to human's deceptive, not only easy to mirror the true shape.So the monk into the mountain to mirror diameter nine inch above the back, the evil spirit's dare not close, since its shape, but go turn will return.The vision of the mirror, heel is the god, no heel old incarnate."The longjiang recorded "cloud:" han followers have mirrors like weight of money, can see the devil incarnate, often because of the sword is hard to cast, the body such as blows, reason for magic.According to the hole xuan spi way science instrument, as the sword title, call the secret of tweezers, is "god Jin Huiling, use the essence, to my immortality, evil, nor, pour" heaven and earth phase.

Compared with text yuan, in addition to the mirror, sword, books and other physical objects, the origin of the other physical operator period relatively much earlier, words are found clearly should be at least in the text after worship.While physical operator has been in existence prior to employment.

Pattern operators including some patterns on the clothing, tattoo pattern, mask, and other artifacts on the design, such as on the eaves tiles - auspicious patterns (figure 1, 4), furniture, wooden walls wall of auspicious patterns (FIG. 1-5), anaerobic wins money pattern (figure 1, 6), arrogant, eight diagrams form design, etc.These designs are very prominent have to hasten lucky magic function, which should be earlier than words.

In addition, small statue of the god and portrait (such as bucket, zhongkui, etc.) god also has a very prominent design operator functions.The beginning of god fights, reportedly began in the tang dynasty.Emperor taizong once upon a time, suffer from sleep with a nightmare dream spirits is rampant, escape.In order to change this situation, emperor taizong life under two brave general qin shubao and WeiChi ready and keep in the door, with a ghost town, got very good indeed, your dreams and never see the evil spirits.Emperor taizong see 2 will be very hard and night guards, limner have placed two brave general picture posted on the door, nightmare also no longer cause.Civil strife and emulate from then on, the two portraits will be posted on the door to drive the evil spirits, and call for god fights.In ningbo zhenhai area,The Dragon Boat FestivalIn home central scroll will hang zhongkui images, spell book: "section, in the May 5 days - cut worm snake impurity elimination."With realgar snake writing, stick in the wall, of "ruling".

Most of the original text yuan is composed of FuWen, form very rudimentary rough.As the taiping jing recorded hundreds of operators, is basically composed of official script fit (FIG. 1-7), symbolism is concise and clear.But the later become the complex graphics secretive and difficult difficult to identify, more and more to the word of painting development pattern, symbolism is more complicated, more and more mystification.In order to show the rune system clouds form, then operator, line bends, it is difficult to identify words (FIG. 1-8), which is the so-called cloud of.

In some of the operators, and ghosts and gods image, map and ancient folk imagined ShenCha, yu lei and to bound the ghost of reed thing such as bow and arrow shape (FIG. 1-9).Text of the operator had a diagram, illustrated, is the language, be read.

In this paper, we as operators of charm of personality, character of the spell, nickname, the meaning of made respectively summarized the origin, form, etc.Due to the folk character of spells in is absorbed by Taoism and the development, and further contribute to its secular aspects, as well as the operator of the curse in succession in such aspects as function, status, influence and there are many things in common.In this book, therefore, we put the character of spells are collectively referred to as charms, and its general overview to the necessary.

Folk spells is absorbed by Taoism and development, and further contribute to its secular, mainly displays in:

Taoism spells technique is derived from the ancient witchcraft, it is China's ancient shamanism spell faith as the foundation, and in the absorption, among ethnic minorities, such as * * * some of the original on the basis of spells and rituals.This as some scholars think: "of things in that, the operator of the Chinese characters is".I doubt it is * * *, southwest minority to the han nationality of * * *."In turn, Taoism spells for the development and perfection, and further led to the spells further secularization and folklore.This is because the charms of woody come from folk, so the development and perfection of the Taoist spells technique is easy to popular folk.Especially when the spell was there to look for the "theory" of Taoism support and again spread to folk, it is very appreciated.Put one "had a cold, for example, people often betray a bad cold, and a read success".Pediatric night cry, family often a "day yellow self-identify, children night crying, the gentleman read, sleep till sunrise".These practices, is the Taoist spells of secularization and folklore.Like "too help countries and people always true secret" volume 25 has "check pediatric night singing method", and the method to breathe in a fire rod and then write a post, post article content is "I have a dial the fire rod, in the future as a goalkeeper, refers to the night cries ghosts, che xiao will not put".We can find that Taoism shadow spells secularization and folk.

Also spells of secularization of Taoism and folk performance in both Taoism charm of production and its charms of fertilization is inseparable from the set of complex rituals and taboos.And folk spells the production and use

Easy is very popular.For wizards and civilians, poorly made ugly god figure hex sign and elaborate figure hex sign, mysterious tedious ritual and popular simple ceremony, is not much difference, as long as through certain * * * ceremony (such as sacrifice, incineration, medallion...)., they all have the same power.Folk with images, for example, instead of the physical scribbles, has convenient for production and operation, easy to carry, etc.Folk gm's "a horse", "ZhiMa" etc, belonging to a batch production of scribbles, through it, can contact in the reality can't gods to communicate.

Some spells are open, anyone can use.But because the spell is considered is to resist the magic of the sacred language and mana, so spells is more of a secret, can only be held by certain people, only in a carefully chosen successor Micronesia.This secret is the main way of the teacher and pupil, it requires that the "are not the parents, not the wife in".Some road flyover, wizards and folk secret * * * to teach first profess to meet makes, and the man of god, or the dream is the spell of the man of god to teach art, is also of teacher and pupil to generation.Because when the road flyover, wizards, folk secret * * * teach first get the spell of the so-called makes the man of god to teach after surgery, they also established relationships with makes the man of god.

Due to spells art has a long history and ancient superstition ghosts atmosphere of strong, spells not only deeply into People's Daily life, but also deeply penetrate into the upper area.* * *, folk custom in ancient China, as well as production, economy, military, and the tactics and so on, without diao;With the close connection.In * * * ways, spells, needless to say, the relationship between the art and Taoism, is the ancient folk secret * * *, both to attract, or uprising, all tore up the charms of the standard.White lotus society, BaGuaJiao, teaching, society, red water gun, boxer, etc all is so.In uprising operational aspects, for example, against them with the officers and soldiers, often bring Zhu Fu, mouth mantra, rushed forward, not from the sword, its move extremely courageous but is sad ending.

Spells and witchcraft culture is inseparable.Spells is the wizard's patent, an ace is a wizard and methods that people who do not familiar with spells surgery could never when the wizard.Because of this, many peoples wizards successor before officially became a wizard takes a lot of time to study application of spells.Spells technique especially the curse is the core of witchcraft rituals, chanting has become the most important part of all sorts of magic ceremony.Chanting ritual is not, but no ritual has spell.

Spells of dynastic politics also has a certain influence and role, became the rule of feudal ruling class struggle and consolidate their tools.For example, the emperor superstition failure - of one of (spell) and kill for court etiquette and my relative.In the emperor's fourth son Chen Chen Shujian to their emperor houzhou of Chen China discontent, "is for the left anaerobic incarnate in an attempt to help.Carved wood for the puppet...Day and night to the moon and dip, wish let in on "....Zhu yuanzhang also use spells for their service.42 generation tianshi Zhang Zhengchang before zhu yuanzhang proclaimed himself about luck in MAO "day" is must be passed on to zhu yuanzhang, make publicity for zhu yuanzhang regime change.Ming dynasty also indulged in spells, and he reigned, Taoist shao yuan festival, TaoZhongWen get his favor because of good at magic spells.Taoist temple, they not only took the main door transaction, and explain the strong, almost to the point of the manipulation of the emperor and court.

, of course, spells in political influence and role, and the folkCustoms and habitsCompared to the influence of the much smaller.As the main body of the witchcraft culture of spells, to Chinese folk customs has extremely important influence.The major impact can see come out from the following several aspects:

Is a folk please god and fete ceremony without more spells and spells is people to communicate and control the important magic weapon of the gods.

2 it is other kinds of folk activities and daily life is inseparable from the spell.In folk, for example, whether cure patents, ward off evil spirits, insulation, pray for rich, rich harvest accumulate wealth, pray for peace, for prayer couples, old woman daughter-in-law and blast, fetus seizing, animals, flooding, etc., all with charm.Even the children play in the flesh to be cut bleeding, sharp also have corresponding hemostatic curse.According to "jade" magazine: "children, youth is not steady, how good play, the most easy to pour down, or to the flesh to break the blood flow, unable to stop.Love to have a spell hemostasis, is very special, heartfelt its transmit to offers..."Zhou yue:

The sun come out a drop of oil,

With golden whip hand down to ride a cow;

Three calling on running water,

A the red gate blood flow.

Operators of use, like the spell, also is very broad, is not.In case of the evil spirit has the town of evil spirits ward off evil spirits, meet fire have a check, a check under the influence of water water, sick have illnesses, building a town house rune, do evil og og zhen4 operator, bone sticking was stuck throat bone sticking, litigious six heptyl six XinFu, even the imperial examinations, go out to travel, diet daily life, even the dragons went, hen night cries, mo diao;Operator.Form the moment dreams the imperial high school, for example, so the imperial have operators (figure 1, 10).In this character, we can see that "imperial" is actually a spell, in the middle of the then fu lu shou samsung samsung logo.This operator should be combined with hex form is valid, the method is to take the bridge soil seven litres, red jujube, five liters in large vases, into three feet in Confucius as a building, to bury the bottle out of the clay, still need to be based on the five parties five-color put on five stone as the weight one hundred and twenty jins, and then covered it up with stones and then buried the operator.Also in Confucius or wenchang's birth date they offered a sacrifice to Confucius and wenchang, it is said that this method can bless a party for the child, make the side of the Confucianism.

Three people is very superstitious spells with omnipotent power.People think that spells prevention can not only cure, coming back to life, controlling the ghosts and gods, the town of the evocation, contact change, feet, curse kill enemies, can stop the rain, sand and stones flying, check wind call mouse drive midge, moving object...Civil widely circulated as follows about magic spells for the myth, epic story, etc., is reflects the people of spells without diao;Can the power of superstition worship:

Words of han dynasty, there was a male, called GeXiaoXian, danyang jurong.From eight years, and he lost his parents, but can be learned self-reliance, to 13 years old son just five classics historical biography, especially love reading, zhuang zi works to 16 years of age, and have a shock river to the left.

On one occasion, while thumbing through some of his works zhuang zi, accidentally discovered a calligraphy handwriting paper father, can not help but recall missing parents, feeling is very disappointed, brute force way: "mountains and rivers is not breathing, stern father is empty.The world have the path to immortality, why don't you repair?"Since then, he constantly to enter some famous mountains, to the cenotaph makes.Later, he had put on clothes, the monks are green.Are green, he met a reality left Keats, left gave him his parent of smelting gas conformal, golden liquid by jiu Dan fairy and induction.To 19 years old, and his "was gradually, but invite swim mountain, began to come.Can change of fractal and unique valley, more than a year not hunger.

When Lord learned GeGong wu is a man of youdao, is respect for him, bing li love in return.Days a year of drought, the hot sun always hung in the sky, like a fireball baked the earth, the movie run dry.People burn incense rain everywhere, but there is still no a cloud sky.Lord wu asked him: "people think the rain can cause body?"

GeGong replied: "comes easily to the ear.He then write up a burn.Presently, extremely bright hot sky, suddenly into a dark, dark, the wind in the rain on the roof, then the heavy rain was pouring down from the clouds, rain water from the eaves, worthy of the flow, and the top of the tree/into the atrium, the atrium depth at a foot.

Wu opinion to this situation, constantly praise way: "good!Wonderful!Enough to solution to the drought and the rain."He cheerfully asked GeGong again: "the water can make the fish?"GeGong replied with a smile: "nature."Said, and draw a character into the water, the water immediately appear dozens ofThe big fish.Each fish has 12 feet long, in the water to swim, is very gratifying.Main letter not letter, wu is out, so, it was real fish...

Between yuan xiang legend: a named "cabin" my alter ego, the most * * *, like entangled beauty of women, women are bound, often do not recognize her husband, also denies parents, cry smile, hold a * * *.Wizard against Jamaica's ghost way is to read a spell, make themselves into a great beauty, make all kinds of coquetry, pinched symbol GouGe hand tactic.Wizard's move is * * * * * *, make the cabin a ghost from the desire for beauty, become tired of beauty, overwhelmed, be defeated and flee, so as to achieve the aim of treatment.

Song Hongmai "yi established" the "mage" process ", recorded the song dynasty folk widely which zha spell efficacious stories: Zhang Cuncheng mage, maoshan the teachings, cure exorcism.Near the folk custom, many notions of knocking it please, without effect.Near the village of new personal tsung chan, critical sense disease, make foe, immediately repair.Already faint dusk, when to return to process, the power and force to retain denier, which did not.One more try to Sun Jialing, moonlight, twilight value black content such as clock, before is out of the woods, turn round sound, with enmity.Recite the mantra step Gang, slightly without fears, forcing the body gradually.Process known as stone, then hold which zha fireball spell "printed at the rebuke of cloud:" god works, will let I dare let alone two, before I can disease beat off quickly."And see out after the fireball itself, with black piece, time, loud and clear sound, in turn, destroy, fireball around the number of turns and also see.The family live below one item, on frequented Jin Gu loud boom, such as the one thousand war.With sons and nephews to see, only see stand out reciting, cheng ji no lamps.Cried, but sleep, namely, the end-result of force in one mind, naturally nocturnal.

"Continued the child not language" (three records: changzhou Wu Mou, the father of yi taboo card shark, punishments, a good way.Since the jingshi to shop, hem a Taoist priest, style unique, with no baggage and lodge.Aiming at night, sitting naked, panting ran out of the ear, the mosquito diao;Dare to close.On the row, wu to go.Yue: "I think the wuding place."And the south of wu, to worship.In several years, he gives two operator yue: "I am your grace is not reported, we assure you occupy, can the operator to suppress, so Xie Jun also."Then Wu Mou died, his wife dying, we see ghosts, night sent male and look around.Have a servant, robust, good wine, a mat at the door outside, has drunk to sleep.Dream a man, with a boy, a pot of cup each one, "the boy replied:" good wine, can drink."The boy to put a cup of old servant makes the navel, sleep very early, after not ability, but cried, cough, mouth blood has spray scattered.From then on, ghost more rampant.For a matter of family pick up place will stop Mrs Jiu, I dig out Taoist operator in the box, is to hang on.Lady, long time no words, see suddenly Cha yue: "in the account on the mirror, armor, general chase knife ghost, ghost from yi."Mrs, recovering from more than 20 years.Friends and relatives in sick by its operator spirits, and they check.Turning to lose.

"Yi established" records of liyang bone sticking a witch who can cure her.Long pale village by the name, four people who eat goose bone sticking, have not eaten anything for three days, call son to wu zhe request treatment.Wu is removed from the said anything when he found some wood ash, spilled the ash on the floor, the point shakily, burn spell called of god, and after using a reed tube when the LiZhang, train lines such as cultivated land in ashes.Wu zhe, and say it's a hard bone.For three times, heard that there was a slight noise in the reed tube, hurriedly picked up the reed tube pour the water in the basin, pour out a goose wing bones.Patients were forty miles away and come, all are four who healed.

According to escape history, there was a man named li main book, together with newly married wife passed HuaYue, into the temple to the god HuaYue Jin Tianwang incense kowtow, but had just finished dept. head, his wife then he breathed his last fall on the ground, only slightly warm chest.County slaughter told li Lord book said: "one leaf XianShi good at art, you should go to find him, others to save your wife, I'm afraid."Master li book frantically searching for XianShi for help.Foliage XianShi and scribbles incense, water xun, FuHua after he flew to the north, the sound, such as turning the wind, but not for a long time.Leaf XianShi and draw a character, water spray of angry, sound like thunder.After a while, lee's wife have spirit in the mouth and nose, slowly open your eyes.Master li book asked her just now is going on, lee's wife say when material in the early days, Jin Tianwang calls her a "good wife", thanks again, Jin Tianwang said he would "leave her," around and sent her away.On the third day, Jin Tianwang family and relatives gathered, suddenly hear someone knock, Jin Tianwang life away.For a moment, the door noise, Jin Tianwang life away troublemakers.Slightly hectares, there is a red dragon fly fly, grip the throat of Jin Tianwang, Jin Tianwang cannot, says "sent", then someone will be sent to their.

Tibetan epic "gesar" for the most part of this, describing the ridge between the countries and other countriesThe war.When the two sides fight to spell practice often play a role of the magic in the battle.For example in the epic in the department of wood with ancient mule, jianggar uncle classical with illusion become with god made a top mounted a stealth wood crystal ship, then with zara led knight one hundred people, on the ship, flying wooden ancient castle of * * * camp reconnaissance.People on the spacecraft couldn't see the bottom of the terrain, some with reciting can make eyes become bright spells.So the people to the underground, seller, r river, the city village, see more clearly.In combat, ridge fontin Wang Daguo praise, was cut into wood square fights Long Jun seriously injured, in critical condition, some with magic, reciting tantra mantras, injury of katyn king better soon.Ridge, the other the injured, some with also give treated in the same way, all works andSome in the wooden ridge in the war, due to the use of witchcraft, secret reconnaissance in the situation of the enemy, cured ridge army wounded soldiers, the ridge army win quickly and to reduce the casualties, he stand the meritorious military service, have noticed.As epic, some with a "is a sorcery spell power is big, shout a loud" tradition ", the enemy is death;Shout a loud "bah", the enemy will fall "very powerful warlock spell force.His spell, was this taught, Mr Pashin rao imparting shamanistic secret to his results, so he can call wind call rain, thunder down the hail;Stealth unreal, come and go without a trace;Curse, disease, refrain from trauma.On him, we see the ancient Tibetan people in the power of secret for worship.

Spells operation not only affects all aspects of the ancient Chinese society, many remote and backward area is in contemporary China, it is still strongly influences the people's cultural psychology.Scribbles chanting, operator water treating these superstitions forms in the vast rural today still exist in different degrees, in the minority area has intensified.We all can see in many towns and villages, some other peoples or beam head - at the gate of "little baiwujinji" in this copybook, or with "taishan shigandang," this is the spell.Some headache fever or sores on long furuncle, for someone with his finger in quick loops, or read a few words of formula, can believe this disease cure.Others believe that the curse can anaerobic - troubleth foe suffering, so once found by his enemy had bitching around.With spells afraid events also emerge in endlessly, even in the city there is this kind of superstition.According to the October 1, 1981 "liberation daily" reported that Shanghai has two family each other what is "afraid of superstitions," the two families is believed that can use a spell to suppress the other.According to the gods and demons, qigong and its error talk about book records, hangzhou youth proponents Yuan Hongxu with proponents make antinomy, a times with people into his threats, said yuan have something congenial, head smoke, to help his ghost.At that time, yuan's mother and his wife have asked a leave, and people just don't go.Yuen angrily pointed out that it is violation of homes, to find police station, a didn't leave.

After the event, a call a woman called yuan, ZhanBiao, insisted that yuan sent a work, can't sleep all night, and said the collision between them, must be afraid.Yuan replied: "I don't contact with you, also what method of resin woman said:" not line, must fight, "half past nine to half past ten tomorrow evening, you in his own house, and shall not be liable for any."

Afraid began.In a family, and the two disciples in a gossip fireside pump it, spell, and at the same time the written "Yuan Hongxu" three word paper constantly to gossip burning in the furnace.'for a moment, a say: "he is almost falling down."

In Yuan Jia, yuan will family please go to another room, then pulled out from under the bed to "play" a spittoon, yuan units have two curious.Suddenly, yuan made a gesture to say;"Come in, all thrown into a spittoon, pour intoThe toiletTime to resin, yuan was safe.Instead, armour is anger self-injury by dou't yuan body, to the ambulance to the hospital, perhaps he also really think yuan spell is too much..."

As we can see from the above introduction, spells, whether in all aspects of ancient Chinese society, and in some aspects of the contemporary Chinese society, plays a very important role.Why spells art plays such an important role?With such "charm"?Whether spells (like as mentioned above to be "effective"?The essence of the "effective" is what?Below, let us in a scientific, practical and realistic attitude, applied linguistics, psychology, physiology, hint, human subjects such as science, sociology, cultural anthropology, phenomenology theory, principles, methods and the problems of spells, function, effect on the main aspects and puts forward several problems - were in-depth analysis and revelation!