From Confucius to now, 2500 years have passed, and inherits the kong clan generation of more than 80, Confucius after several generations, multiple occurrences of notice o situation, population growth is slow, to 42 generation Kong Guangsi period of the late tang dynasty, in qufu hole of the family of the shuphamites seed is less than 10, 12 the number of rare.Five generations back rest period, experienced "the hole hole" at the end of the disaster, people only less.To the tang dynasty, the ethnic lived increase substantially, to the late qing dynasty, only 43 Kong Renyu this a seed in qufu namely the tens of thousands;At the same time, along with the development of social politics, economic activity, 12 people have been greatly increased.

Western han dynasty, Confucius nine generations Sun Kong went back to hometown, qufu, it is the emperor gaozu reign is not long.Emperor gaozu accept civil officials suggested, named Kong Teng FengSi jun, FengSi Confucius.To the han emperor inhibitor and the first year (43 BC), Confucius thirteenth generation Sun Kong bully was created to praise espeland m.Since then until tang dynasty kaiyuan years, sun Kong Shi origin most hou to incoming letter of the title, even the ordinary African secondary school achievements also relatively easy to get the reuse of the court.So will gradually develop into a prominent Kong Shi family.Along with the living conditions greatly improved, of the tribe of the children of the family also to get more chance to thrive.Here is a more obvious phenomenon, more and more ethnic by shandong moved to henan and many other provinces, the main reason for the migration is as official position, the second is to avoid a severe social unrest, etc.

The hole of the clan during the eastern han dynasty moved, will all records of the most influential one.Confucius 21st generation Sun Kongyu, spent as jizhou secretariat.Under the seal was his son Kong Yang bo kiosks, Kong Yang offspring from then on, the main indigenous under bo (now southeast deep county in hebei province).Another child Kong Yu Kong Qian first as prince little fu next, after the relocation due to run away from social upheaval will collection (now shaoxing, zhejiang province), development for the local family, soon become Kong Shi clan in the famous "key hole".In Kong Qian descendants, his son hole zhu chapter in The Three Kingdoms at the satrap (today nanchang in jiangxi province), its Sun Kongtian for which the satrap, great-grandson Kong Yu in western jin dynasty, then left servant.Kong Yu hole son of wang guangzhou secretariat, very good reputation, at last term, his descendants are mostly local residents.

Kong Shi county in the tang dynasty, has an impact at roughly: will take the pulled (now shaoxing, zhejiang province), lu (now in shandong qufu), bo (now southeast deep county in hebei province), dichroa (county in hebei province today positive definite cure), nanyang on (now in henan province southwest area).

After middle tang dynasty, 35 generations Sun Kong (Wang Sui) is to the tang dynasty kaiyuan five years (714) inheritance or holy, and jin for propaganda.Rate of tianbao of the disorderly, he family Yu Ningling stranger, after he was buried there.The turmoil, his great-grandson hole but base shop qufu, propaganda and sealing, NingLing clan graveyards are bore by but brothter of B to but a garrison.With them in a NingLing and 33 generation praised SAN hou Kong Delun of the second son of hole sigh Kong Xian.The two formed Kong Shi family of NingLing pie.

27 by the name of the second generation of DiSun hole Kong Jing into spread through four, to Kong Yingda.Bore their offspring to four generation of ribbon, ribbon Ren Danyang order, hence the later generations in henan danyang, formed in danyang Kong Shi clans.

Bore with ribbon belong to Kong Yingda offspring of four generation of performance, when li xuan for state (now jiangxi province river) military officer, followed by all previous dynasties in jiangxi river, river in forming Kong Shi clan.

At the same time the hole clan people have moved to feeding, reproduction in the south.Emperor tang zhaozong photochemical three years (in 900), the son of the then prime minister Kong Changbi with Xu Yanre into cantonese, settle down in south xiong county ping lam tsuen, the sons of distribution about, panyu, shunde, huizhou and other places, high.

After each generation is most influential around the tribe also in the mid-late tang dynasty gradually set pattern.Kong Yan 35 generations, for example, in the hebei xian, called xian sent;36 generation of hole to run away from social upheaval in henan LuShan, called LuShan sent;Fujian, 38 Kong Ying jiyang in hunan, is called the parties;Thirty-eight generation hole, in henan jiaxian, called jiaxian sent;Hole WenXian 39 generations, our lives in hunan, becomes our pie;Forty-one generation Kong Changbi run away from social upheaval guangdong lingnan as lingnan;Forty-two Kong Nan, in jiangxi LuJiang high rank, later settled in there, become LuJiang pie;Forty-two Kong Gui, fleeing to henan pingyang, become pingyang pie and so on.

Northern song dynasty (1126), of the first year of getting nomads from the north there's south, made from Song Dou bian city stole badge, qin emperor, northern song dynasty extinct.Alternated the ninth son, extract epurated from Zhao Gou southward helter-skelter, at the time of the nanjing (now in henan shangqiu) emperor, namely for meidefang, nianhao inflammation.Built two years (1128) autumn, nomads from continued south, the emperor in yangzhou, held on November si, called holy sacrificial rites of the public to participate in the rig.At this time of qufu yan SAN is 48 generation Kong Duan friend, he and his father Kong Chuan (formerly known as Kong Re ji) to serve in a letter to yangzhou.

A year later, nomads from momentum "sheng, the emperor protect the crossing south fled to linan (now) in hangzhou, zhejiang province, Kong Duan friend, Kong Chuan and some descendants of Confucius, zi gong hand carrying the handed down from generation to generation copy like Confucius and Mrs Qi officer our woodcarving with driving south.To hangzhou, after Kong Duan friends wrote to the emperor, pain v. father away from the suffering of others, the request given to land.The emperor her driving south crossing, hence purport to give kalama people settled in quzhou, and where to build the temple, worship of Confucius and Qi officer lady like our wood, all be etiquette QuFuShi, and appointed dial the field to the hole.Kong Shi south, thus formed.

This time, Kong Shi quzhou centered on four south is widening.The southern song dynasty has sealed the bore Kong Duan fellow, pest, wipe, Kong Wenyuan, Kong Wanchun, yan SAN male Kong Zhu six generations, at the same time, Kong Shi south tribal people also to be able to reuse.From Kong Chuan Kong Duan friend uncle, father, for example, officer to releasing, doctor cousin Kong Duan plant for HuGuang on, Kong Duan hidden to jiangling government officer, Kong Duan bi to Dali temple evaluation, professor Kong Duan boon for hangzhou.Kong Shi south of also can give according to the population measurement field, from tax, as part of its income supply hole clan people food and clothing, part used to worship Confucius.

Since then, the southern song dynasty court hath many times given to favour.Given field, and must quzhou Yu Baoyou eight years (in 1253) the year please, funding three hundred and sixty thousand Min, imitation system of qufu Confucian temple, ling lake in the northeast corner of the newly built in quzhou city Kong Shi home south temple.Resort, at the time, here is "the city bank, the island has been, and, again, on the other side of the castle", it is a pity to the southern song dynasty, the temple was destroyed by fire.

In 48 generation yan SAN and Kong Duan friends with meidefang just after crossing a warmth-loving creature, nomads from into the central plains, established the puppet regime of qi, Liu Yu Yu Fuchang two years (1131) sealing Kong Duan brothter of friends Kong Duan fuck son of Kong Fan for yan SAN male, host qufu Kong Zilin temple offerings.Such, although Confucius office Kong Duan friends ancestors and Mrs Qi officer as south, sacrifice st first line 4 is still in qufu fills the air.Followed by pseudo qi collapse, emperor xizong of jin on day two years (in 1139), as soon as possible is still sealed hole are no yan SAN.At this point, Kong Shi north school also formal form.In the southern song dynasty period, north of inheritance have Kong Zheng, holes and hole Zhen et al.

Later, north ZongYanSheng hole yuan cuo along with moving to BianZhou regime, qufu presided over by brother kalama hole yuan with si.Celebrating yuan bao years (in 1225), song bing recovered in the eastern province of shandong with hole are yuan with yan SAN and.Treasure to celebrate two years, bore to grant the son of the yuan in the whole of yan SAN.Mongolian regime after the occupation of qufu, also admitted that the identity of yan SAN full of holes.In this way, at the same time, formed the southern song, jin and yuan three court each have a yan SAN and situation.Emperor taizong five years (1233), yuan dynasty jin jing mutuality is under attack, gold seal by yan SAN yuan cuo is the yuan dynasty male hole life for yan SAN male, qufu yan SAN of hole was all new qufu county magistrate and hereditary, son no longer associated with yan SAN office place.

After the yuan dynasty unified China, minister saying back, think Kong Shi south and north two cases should be only one hereditary titles as orthodox yan SAN HuangFeng, in accordance with the "law" of commodity, should be passed down by Confucius descendants, at this time of quzhou yan SAN embodies the male descendants of Kong Duan friend incoming letter.Back to adopt its said, king James south as yan SAN, and let it return to qufu FengSi.To yuan 19 years (1282), south of the sixth generation of yan SAN male Kong Zhu brought back into Beijing, the imperial edict of the emperor surface grasp their six generations of ancestors were buried in quzhou, and built in quzhou family temple, his hall have a mother again, real cannot bear to abandon from quzhou return to qufu temple.He said may to assign yan SAN and the title of north of brother Kong Zhi, the family and their begging please allow south also quzhou father or mother.Back to praise, said Kong Zhu "rather fail to honor without violations, true saint after also", hence its please, from "yan SAN male" title, each shift for drink offering, bearing, and lifting the east zhejiang school.

Yuan, Ming and qing period, the number of holes clan people move to other place, the scale, there were more than before.According to a report in the records, Confucius family spectrum from "zte progenitor" Kong Renyu people in 53 generation word "water" degress appointed "Kong Shi twenty pie", from the 54th generation ", "the word generation, 55" g "word generation, 56 generation" and "word generation, to 57 generation generation between" words "word.One hundred years of time, because of points, household, migrated to a number of provincial county, mentioned above "qufu 60 households" is still only in qufu, inheritance clear 60 people.

At the same time, the earlier the migration to the clan field in hole also existed among the migration again, have a plenty of because natural economic factors, sometimes to avoid conflict or forced by folk flow disease, there are also some because official officer and by the office moved elsewhere and that some children with and who live in the new location of migration and reproduction.

In this way, to the late qing dynasty, hole clan has been distributed to all over the country.Specifically, in zhejiang, jiangsu, jiangxi, henan, shandong, sichuan, guangxi, fujian, hebei, anhui, lingnan (about today in guangdong province is located in guangzhou, and most of qin mountain east of port), hubei, shanxi, gansu, jilin, qinghai, shaanxi, chahar (now in hebei province and Inner Mongolia autonomous region in northwestern xilingol league area), Mukden (about today xilingol league area of liaoning province and Inner Mongolia autonomous region, the jerim each part), heilongjiang, yunnan, guizhou and other provinces have hole clan people.These scattered field people to hebei province for the most, is called "hexi pie", the first is the nephew of Confucius the 31st generation office record, the tang dynasty bachelor's Kong Yingda museum.

Other people in a strange land is often clustered, small each hundreds and hundreds of people, many are also set up the origin, such as qianlong jinxi county of jiangxi province in 46, 47, 48, 49, guixi county sandu 30, sixty-five, such as lead mountain county of 19th, fame are established.To the middle period of qing dynasty, the number is numerous, such as jiangnan lacquer span gaochun county's, after a dozen generations, to jiaqing ten years (1805) is "son name is yan, appear more than";Light for nine years (in 1829), clan LiuYu qianshan county of anhui hole, because all reproduction, have been scattered buried hill, the taihu lake, huaining, wangjiang county.

Hole clan people overseas migration

Since the yuan dynasty, hole clan people began to overseas migration.At that time, yuan dynasty supreme ruler for control of Korea, adopted the policy of marriage.To is nine years (1349 years), ChengYi princess marry Korea the Wang Zhizi zhong qi wang xu, sun, 54th generation Kong Zhao Confucius origin for the princess took one of the attendants.To Korea, Korea Wang Chongyong Kong Zhao, officer to door assistant minister chapter with flat things (prime minister), as juniper successively, the original king chang jun, was buried after the death of chang.

Kong Zhao offspring in Korea welcomed the officer, his son hole Tang officer to jixian temple university chapter with flat, its ChangSunKong prone to sentenced to Yin, sun Kong Deguan to door assistant minister chapter with flat, same as the Kong Zhao, at this point, has always been the door Kong Shi two of the three generations of people as the prime minister of koryo dynasty.Later generations of breeding, celebrities, become a family in the south of the north.Due to its ZuKongZhao burial in the chang of the original, so they originally to chang native place.

Koryo dynasty emperor worship Confucianism, descendants of Kong Shi repeatedly to the preferential treatment.The choson kingdom authentic sixteen years (1792), king KaoQiu QuFuKong clans, command the choson kingdom Kong Shi in qufu for native place, in does not forget ancestors, and copy the example of China yan SAN and sealing to spyker.

Han Guokong's breeding, has continued to 86 generations.Their names and the rules of the China's domestic different, also have a position in the family hierarchy words.In South Korea and special ties in our group, was called "QuFuKong's south Korean commodity will", to indicate qufu, don't forget to source out of China in the 1980 s group flew to qufu ancestor worship, and in the back door (that is, to the north of qufu door) to monumentalise.According to the 1987 census statistics, South Korea's ethnic kong for 17207 households, 72382 people.

Southeast Asian countries, in the late qing dynasty there are holes clan who moved to the past.As for the places such as Japan and Europe and the United States moved to, was initiated during the republic of China.

By the end of the 20th century, the descendants of Confucius has been all over the world on every continent, among them, with South Korea, north Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, myanmar, the United States and other countries and regions the number is more, Britain, Switzerland, Canada, Australia and other countries also have a certain number of aperture clan.