Last name originated in the tribal name or the name of the tribal leaders.Legend of the yellow emperor lived her water, for her name;Yan emperor in the adjacent to the water, ginger ginger as surname.God to dayu water conservancy, gives the surname for si.In addition, the son of the tribal leaders may also have to name.The yellow emperor has twenty five, name is 14 people, for the taj, unitary, qi, self, vines, pro, ren, xun, Xi, Ji 嬛, according to the twelve, the surname, four of whom belong to the second name.And ravaged, for himself, dong peng, the bald, preparation, cao, pour, Qian eight surname.These are some of representative ancient name.

Xia, shang period, the aristocratic have surnames.The branch of name for the surname, meaning is equal to the family or tribe.Summer Palace for si surname and overlord kun I of the name, in his own name Sue, gu, such as temperature, dong, Huan dragon's.Shang royal family surname, another big overlords, wei peng peng.Shang dynasty's article, hsu, 13's, such as xiao week points to countries such as LuWei monarch.

More about the system of the zhou dynasty name, recorded.Zhou Wang as ji, Hou Guozhi jun and QingDaFu a namesake and recruited the difference between the two.To the spring and autumn period, can take an examination of ji, si, child, wind, won, self, ren, qi, Qian, cao, preparation, dong, ginger, suppress, return, mann, bear, Kui, paint and allow 22 surname.

While the zhou dynasty aristocrat surname, but only a woman called surname, unmarried woman such as qi jiang, sung hsing, qi, song name, ginger, for the surname.Have been married woman, such as Jiang Qian, LuanQi, jiang, for the in-laws Luan,'s name, Qian, qi for women's last name.At that time, a surname is not the custom of the wedding, so with the aristocratic women's last name to show her hunsband's family name is different.

Practice of the zhou dynasty, there are large and small.A building's said a small separate from the bulk (be), another portal.Establish a principality approved by Zhou Wang, QingDaFu lixin home to get a monarch's permission, called "胙 soil and of life".Aristocratic way of Fahrenheit is the following:

(1) to name for the surname.Vassal state sovereign to the seal name for the surname.Such as jin namely duke wen chong 'er to jin of surname, short for heavy to chong 'er;LuShen Xi male lu shen, name for the surname lu, "the name.

(2) to city called surname.QingDaFu and their descendants to manor called surname.Such as the state of jin bi doctor for wei manor, future generations with Wei Wei's;Quwu huan son of tertiary childe than in Korea, in Korea's.

(3) to the prime minister's.Noble and their offspring with the prime minister's.The state of jin Lin Fu for infantry organization three lines of the bank of China of the handsome, said the bank of China huan son, his son suppress XunYan said boc, in behavior's;Song kingdom in qing lasy ZiHan (ZiHan) department of city, its Sun Leqi (a beam) said the city's, is a department of the city's.

(4), as a professional's.Such as WuShi, pressly, goldsmith's, dow, wu, ABU, artisan, tao are professional name.

(5) called's residence.Their childe hence lived lu east gate, said east hence (name), the east gate to make secondary (word), is the east gate's;Song Guole big heart for the right teacher, be on Song Tong door, said tong door right division, is based on tung door's.

6 to Zhou Wang or hou monarch of kinship system is referred to as a surname.Weeks Xi Wang Zhizi Wang Zihu, tiger said its sun said prince Sue;Zheng Mu male son of sun xi xi (ZiHan) said, his grandson exhibition (child) of the said lay it down of the sun.

All landowners's for noble words.According to patriarchal clan system, a surname only includes the generation of king three generations of close relatives of the son of the sun does not belong to a surname and must be another's.These children more expensive for its Wang Fu (grandfather) word's for it.Zheng childe send word, her Sun Guocan (sub) at the end of the word "son" would be set's;Otherwise childe Fei, word therefore, sun to "therefore" is the surname.Grandfather's words as's most common, is a's money.

Last name before the spring and autumn, noble is inherited from the ancestor, so one hundred generation;Surname from the gentry and their blood relationship is close to the ancestors, the generations that is changing.

The spring and autumn period and the warring states period, with the disintegration of the patriarchal clan system, fundamental change surname system.'s beginning to change the name, such as this belongs to the si JiGuoTian's last name, to the warring states period has the surname field.Ever have surname nobility, civilians, only after the warring states period, civilians have surname, people gradually became a general term for people.The demise of the surname system evolution, reflects the noble, the rise of civilians.

Surnames population

Chinese surname li, wang and zhang, liu, Chen, a contemporary "of" the most popular, the sum of its population of 350 million.Li, wang and zhang SAN's most popular population respectively accounted for 7.9%, 7.4%, 7.1% of the han population.By last name in the evolution of the rule, the most popular number will be more and more small family name number will be less and less, and even the final demise.

With surnames in order of what proportion of the population, new into contemporary "of" : li, wang and zhang, liu, Chen, Yang, zhao,, zhou, wu, huang xu, sun, hu, zhu, gao, Lin, he, guo, horse, luo, beam, song, zheng, thank you, han, tang,,,, shaw, dong cheng feng,,, yuan deng, cao xu, fu, shen, who, peng, lu, su, lu, jiang, jia, ding, wei, xue, leaf, yan yu, pan, du, wear, xia, clocks, tian and ren, ginger, van, square, stone, yao, tan, liao, zou, bears, white, gold, land, hao, hole, cui, kang, wool, qiu, qin, jiang, history, gu, hou, shao, mon, dragon, wan, segment, ray, money, soup, Yin, li and, often, wu, Joe, greetings, lai, gong, etc.

The investigation and study is made, a researcher at the Chinese academy of sciences institute of genetics and developmental biology Yuan Yi of host, lasted for two years.Investigation involving the country's 1110 counties and cities, to get the data of 296 million, received last 4100.Through the county, district, provincial * * population statistics, and got the sort of new Chinese of today.

Scientists will also published data and the distribution map of China's first 300 surnames, republish "big dictionary of Chinese surnames, including has collected more than 23000 surnames, to promote the development of surnames culture industry.

Surname hide big mystery

A mystery: surname hide the genetic code

"The surname survey, the purpose is not limited to statistical number of surnames, in fact, the name is wired a bridge of cultural inheritance and biological genetic."

Yuan Yi explains, China has long last name with the male, and from the Angle of genetics, only male with the Y chromosome, therefore, the Y chromosome is passed on to male offspring with surnames, as a result, people have the same last name has the same type of Y chromosome, and it carries the genetic gene.

"The survey we found that a lot of genetic diseases spread only in people with the same surname, statistics the number and distribution of good name, there has been of great help for the study of human genetics."Yuan Yi told reporters.

Mystery 2: sharing is not necessarily with home

Met Chinese, always ask name, if it is found that with yourself is the same name will feel hospitable, think two people "is a" five hundred years ago, "in fact, this is not credible, after investigation, we found a most popular there may be hundreds of sources, such as China, the most popular 'li', some of them are from 'won' last name, some of them are from ' ' 'surname zhao, during the tang dynasty li' surname is its points given to the founding fathers, even in HouWei period, xianbei compound surname have to 'li'."

But the name has become the glue of the Chinese national cohesion, "a lot of overseas Chinese to pay repair their own genealogies, they will find their roots, and in the process of their genealogy, through contacts with the mainland, also has a leading role to the local economy."

Mystery three: most connotation of Chinese surnames

Yuan Yi said, in fact, not only in China, in the world, a surname is also an important symbol of cultural inheritance, but no country name in the world heritage such as China and have a complete connotation.

"Such as Japan, although there is also a surname, but the cultural connotation is very few."Yuan Yi explanation, before the Meiji restoration in Japan, only a few a few surname, Meiji to reform, is asking the country to the people all want to have a last name, so just a few short years time, there were 80000 more than one last name, and there is no source and significance, majority is the location name to represent, such as panasonic, inoue, tanaka, therefore, Japanese scholars are difficult to relate Japan's last name and human genetics.

In the United States, although there is a fixed name, but only 200 years of history can not form a cultural heritage, as a result, the American scholar to the textual research mainly from the skin color, hair color and eye color.

In Britain, a surname is more stable, the main source is directly borrow given name, or a given name with blood relationship of affix and so on to the son of the said so-and-so or offspring, and additional status affix said before the given name.And reflect the characteristics of the place names, landscape, or the environment, and reflect the identity or occupation, as for later by a surname combined surname, despite a late Christian name, but a lot more.And in the royal family, the old USES "Edward" as a surname, later also appeared a new "Windsor".

In continental Europe, a surname is usually used to distinguish the birthplace, during the second world war, European forces have the same surname of the soldiers was divided into a group, in order to increase the cohesion and combat effectiveness of the troops.

Northern song dynasty compiled, the most widespread of, only included 438 surname;Ming dynasty compiled thousands of surname, included 1968 surname;And according to the Chinese surnames illustrated records, at present China's 56 ethnic groups is already amounted to 11969;DouXueTian composed of the ancient and modern names dictionary in the collection of ancient and modern names as many as 12000 more;The latest data a total of 4100 Chinese name

For the first time found that the "hard" surname village

In the survey, many ancient, strange name has also been found that the name has never been recorded, "the past thought to see these strange name because of a slip of the pen, but after the survey we found that these strange name has its profound roots."

Yuan Yi da to journalists, for example, in henan, the team found four village named "hard" the inside of the men and women, old and young full name is "hard", at that time, the team thought the name was a slip of the pen, not statistically significant, but South Korea's culture department after heard this message, abnormal surprise, immediately organized a "roots" delegation "to China.

Originally, "hard" surname in South Korea, is the root of their, "they told me that in henan province has been unearthed from a piece of stone tablets of the northern and southern dynasties, recorded a officials of xianbei ethnic minority group, his name is called 'difficult building', 'difficult' surname xianbei moved north, songhua river was renamed into 'difficult river', and then, the name 'difficult' just now of xianbei ethnic minority group of the Korean peninsula, as a result, henan these last name 'difficult' the villagers were koreans think is their ancestors."

List three most popular surname after the source

The first name: lee

According to sorting, li is of the most popular in China, according to Yuan Yi up to speak, in a survey of nearly 300 million people, li accounted for 13%.

Hundreds of li source, from the earliest "won" surname, popular in the spring and autumn period official name, the founder of Taoism Lao tzu by grandparents for officer, hence Daniel for the surname, then to "li".In founding the will, Bing, Ann, du, hu, xu hong, guo, hemp, unheard-of, zhang, Roman abramovich, o fall, sarira, dong, luo, evil was 16 name given to li zhu, resulting in the certificates gradually developed the most popular in China.

Second: the king

Wang as the second most popular, accounting for 12% of the total.

Generally Kings seed said the prince, the prince, and then used as a surname, in addition, wang also by many other name changes, the most out of "Gui" surname, legend has it for the ancient emperor yu shun, in addition, wang also some is shang zhou than dry, and it is wang GuGaoLi tyrant.

Third: zhang

Zhang is the third most popular, accounting for 11.8% of the total.

According to "dollars and surname code", "yellow emperor in the first five green sun, thereafter, lone star, beginning of bow and arrow, advocate the 2nd picture, because last name is zhang", so to generation surnamed zhang from the yellow emperor, are descendants of the yellow emperor, zhang since han dynasty gradually increased, and the rise of the Taoist is associated with popular, when "the yellow emperor had given name is zhang", such as the time of the Taoist leaders such as opening Angle, britons, etc.

Three small surname inquiry

Third from bottom: mountain (" the ")

Yuan Yi says, the name is the team jackieguo county in anhui province and accidentally discovered zhangwu county in liaoning province, a total of about 2000 people.

Interestingly, these people have no contact with each other, but knows the sources of their name, they all call themselves as yue fei direct descendants, in those days was persecuted by qin GUI, fled to this, the word "yue" upside down, formed the new name.

The team help them contact between each other, at the same time, research the source of the name, as they say.

The penultimate: death

According to Yuan Yi up to speak, "death" is mainly distributed in northwest China, is by the northern wei period, four words compound surname development of ethnic minority, the current number showed a trend of decrease.

The worst: difficult falling tone (read)

Distributed in henan province, northern and southern dynasties is developed from the surname of xianbei ethnic minority group, is a kind of bird name, originally due to restore worship of birds, the name became a "hard", after the move north, most of the migration to the Korean peninsula, China has rarely exist.

Played the warring states period in Japan knows that Japan's each big names have a badge, what of the wu family, and so on.

A lot of people in considering why not China?

You're welcome, the kind of JapaneseThe warScale, China in the spring and autumn when there were, of course also have their own family crests.

For example, the state of jin six big name, these people are governors to the private, and individuals have their own private armed. Of course, also have their own family crest.

About "SanJin".Acceded to the throne in 458 BC, jin 6 before long, the state of jin six qing (intelligence, zhao, wei, Korea, fei, the bank of China) ZhiBo grasp the real power in the state of jin, one of his engage asaps, westergren divvied up the fann, bank of China's cities.Then the ZhiBo joint and Korea, and besieged the capital of zhao wei jinyang, soldiers will water irrigation, in an attempt to destroy zhao.Zhao Xiangzi "lip die tooth cold" truth, sent a secret persuade han, wei, three unite against ZhiBo, trounced think tank army in jinyang, kill ZhiBo.In 453 b.c., zhao, han, wei three carved up the domain of the state of jin.In the twenty-third year of king in 403 BC, namely Zhou Weilie (JinLie male 17 years), zhao, wei, as governors Korea.Because zhao, wei, Korea was conceived in the state of jin, "three points jin", although the state of jin demise, emerging, zhao wei, Han Ji governors in the stage of activity;But jin as a principality, its fierce male, filial piety, static ram in the world of small still nominally existed for 28 years.

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These figure a lot from all kinds of ancient weapon excerpts, credibility is very large.

Of course if there is no your name:

May a, your ancestors had never been prominent, at least before the qin shi huang, nor did what the doctor what samurai!

May 2, separated from the ancient name of your home!

May 3, it could be anything...

Zhang, for example, estimated that there were three sovereigns, may be little archer tribe or make arrows or small officer is responsible for training archery.

The most main cradle surname in China

The Yellow River basin is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation, most of China's surname is also born of a mother river nurturing.In the last four provinces of the Yellow River flows through shanxi, shaanxi, henan, shandong, there are more than three surname was pregnant.Among them, especially in henan province, the Yellow River culture accumulation precipitation deepest, collection of surname and grounding and the earth the most.Are presented as follows:

Henan zhengzhou xinzheng -- - Korea, high, feng, the birthplace of surfed

Zhengzhou dengfeng city of henan province -- - the thunder, the birthplace of guo

Henan province -- -- --, xu, clocks, the origin of the name

Huaiyang henan province -- -, hu, Chen tian, summer, the origin of the dragon, qiusheng

Henan zhoukou his -- - the birthplace of yu

Henan zhoukou taikang county -- - the birthplace of the yuan

Yiyang city in henan zhoukou city -- - the birthplace of Yin

Henan shangqiu -- -- -- -- song, soup, rong, wear, the birthplace of Wu Xing

Henan puyang city -- -- -- --, the birthplace of zhang, sun, Meng Xing

Henan puyang he finds -- -- -- -- the birthplace of fei and gu

Henan xinxiang hui xian city -- -- --, gong, the birthplace of Hou Xing

Luoyang in henan province song county - - - the birthplace of Arthur

Henan luoyang city - - - the birthplace of surnamed lu weir division

Henan yuzhou city -- -- -- -- square, the birthplace of xia, general (wu daoxuan hometown)

Henan weihui municipal -- -- -- -- the birthplace of the republic (than dry temple)

City of henan province nanyang -- -- -- -- the birthplace of lu, division director surnamed xie

Henan nanyang Tang He, xinyang gushi -- - the birthplace of liao

Henan nanyang dengzhou - - - the birthplace of paying

Henan anyang city -- -- -- -- the birthplace of fu

Henan jiaozuo county - - - the birthplace of Sue surname (Chen taijiquan)

Xinyang city of henan province huai bin county - - - the birthplace of jang

Xinyang city of henan province xixian -- -- -- -- the birthplace of lai, white surname

Xinyang county in henan province -- -- -- the birthplace of the pan

Xinyang, henan huangchuan county -- -- -- -- the birthplace of surnamed huang

Henan zhumadian shangcai county - - - the birthplace of the dealer

Henan zhumadian zhenyang county - - - the birthplace of jiang

Henan pingdingshan ye county -- -- -- -- ye

Henan hebi city Qi County - - - - kang, seok

The above content from shaanxi normal university press, 2004 to upgrade the Chinese surnames for roots to swim

Bibliography: a new of ", "big dictionary of Chinese surnames, the culture of Chinese surnames, etc.