There are three li source

For from the won, the surname, after gao tao

According to legend, ancient emperor ZhuanXu Gao Yangshi born a son cause, cause children born China, female China renewable son gao tao, legend has it that gao tao is also called the blame to go, is less in ancient east princes YiZu oh grandchild, was born in qufu (now shandong), once the Ren Dong YiZu leaders, because of qufu to suppress, so has been given to suppress a surname.Late patriarchal clan society, yao for tribal alliance leaders, had selection gao tao help control the world;Shun, after yao for tribal alliance leaders appointed gao tao Dali.Dali is also called "gentleman", is the ancient officer in charge of the prison term, then called the officer.Gao tao well known for its good reason jail time, has formulated the ink, Yi, left, palace, decapitation 5 kinds of punishment, according to the nature of criminal crimes, plot, such as fair treatment, convince world, thus the stable social order.YuJiShun for tribal alliance leaders, think gao tao is the sage, ready to let gao tao do his heir, but has not yet had time to demise, gao tao would have died.

Gao tao, of the sons of the hereditary of Dali, in the shang dynasty, named as office native name, called Daniel's.Why's not called the surname?Original qin's family name and surname, have the very close relationship, and two different concepts.Last name originated in the period of primitive society matriarchal clan system, associated with the totem worship of ancestors'.Early matriarchal clan commune people that each clan has a certain kinship with some kind of animals, plants, often as the clan name, envisage the clan, this is the totem."Totem" series of Indian language, meaning "his family".Marx in the Morgan < > in the ancient society book abstract explicitly pointed out: "said the word clan totem signs and symbols."Some totem, and later into a surname.Because at that time the children only know that mother, father and I do not know who it was, so the surname is representative of a common kinship clan title, that is to say, all members of a clan name comes from a matriarchal ancestors."Last name" is the earliest form of "people" and "life", meaning people, because of born to surname;Later to consist of "female" and "life", as a mean woman surnamed, born has a name.As a result, many of China's early ancient family name, like her, si, Gui, ginger, won, etc., with the word "woman".Surname originated from the patriarchal clan society, is a branch of the name is derived from that of the ancient aristocratic marks the title of the clan system, that is to say, can only say's aristocracy.Last name is the basis of decision can marry - sharing can'tTo get marriedThat's is used to distinguish the low.During the warring states period, along with the collapse of slavery patriarchal clan system, family name and surname have what distinction, name to become a symbol for the show that born to personal and family.From then on, or last name, or surname, or the name and said, is a meaning, that is real is specifically to name.

At the end of shang dynasty, king zhou BaoNveWuDao, sex-obsessed, the governors and the people are very grievance.Gao tao seed there was a man called Daniel levy, for a loyal, straight out king zhou's mistake, advised him to correct, the results annoyed the king zhou was killed.Daniel levy's wife and surname after hearing the message, he took his young son Jane out shores.Deed, and this is Chen (now henan huaiyang) person, want to their marriage, again afraid his family into trouble, so he went to the western escape, when go to river basin in west henan Iraq today "hou hui" (that is, the hou once lived and has been abandoned), mother and son two people hungry, tired, especially the little zhen, hungry dying.Desolate in this area, however, how can I find food?Fortunately qi, and there are some "portion" near the tree, the then pick down to eat.In this way, mother and son two people eat wild fruit saved lives.Then, they have to eastern, in not far away from the huaiyang bitter (gu) county (today already east henan) cure.In order to appreciate "portion" of the work of leading, but also to avoid king zhou's quest, and because of reason, Li Tongyin gm, self-interest zhen's for lee began to change.

Second, the surname for from his family

After The Three Kingdoms, ZhuGeLiangPing mourning LaoYi, give local minority zhao, zhang and Yang, li's surname.

Northern wei have compound surname xianbei ethnic minority group who lee, northern wei emperor xiaowen moved the capital of luoyang, adopted a policy of localization, instead of Chinese characters shan lee.

Tang Lisi moab, turkic jie (east turkestan), formerly known as the history of the thought of moab; its chief said jie khan, name duh (acutely will).Jie had been repeatedly tang, duh (acutely will) and thought of moab in drawing when he was four years (630) the one tang tang will be captured and sent to chang 'an (now xi 'an).Taizong commendation on account that thought the loyalty, and given to the lee, make him at the head of the jie staff stationed in henan.Li tu collection () at the end of the leather (leather part) (in the songhua river, mudanjiang river basin and in the middle and lower reaches of heilongjiang) sheikh, Tang Chaochu built in tributary, namely to tang turkic forces defeated attack after deep and remote states, in the early years of the dynasty was emperor taizong account for the right-back generals, for lee.Jia-qing li ethnic spider sheath, the name of her and often, migration, deep and remote state for the department of the north, with the meritorious military service was given surnamed li, renamed jiaqing.When his son Li Huaiguang, one was created for all YuHou.

Guo-chang li zhu is evil's, sends, shatou turks turkic chief zhu son of the evil of appropriate.Li cui salty through ten years (869), taiyuan line camp called for and so on, due to the following Kang Chengxun beat PangXun insurgents who have rendered meritorious service, is most candid, vibration Wu Jun our time, be given name of mingguo li chang.Hui li since the 7th century, a small number of the persians and arabs to China and settle down;Since the 13th century, and in part of Asia, the persians and arabs in China, they are getting along with the han, uygur, Mongolian formed in the process of the hui nationality, say again "and".Hui spread mainly mixed with the han nationality, and to the northwest, henan, hebei, shandong, yunnan, anhui, liaoning, Beijing and other provinces, city distribution, statistics, about 7.219 million people in 1982.Li in a higher proportion of hui nationality, some directly from ancient Persia or Arab, shu ci Li Xun before such as the five dynasties, the ancestor is the persians, to come to China after the commute catalpa state (now sichuan three).

Miao miao li lived in the south, more than half in guizhou, the rest distributed in hunan, yunnan, guangxi, sichuan, guangdong, hubei province, such as large mixed with other ethnic brothers, small settlement, statistics, about 5.03 million people in 1982.Li occupies certain proportion in miao, miao QianXi weining district is one of the most popular.Chinese surname li, miao surname is "Meng Enlu", this is their "father son even the name" a special way.The li miao, some of them are the product of the integration, some has nothing to do with the original meaning of li., stagnation of xianfeng, qing dynasty years, for example, in the guizhou people uprising led by Zhang Xiumei a rebel army generals called ftisland, but he is not surnamed li, "li" is his hmong name "quasi" correct writing, the "quasi" in miao for water bull, "HongJi" for the "corner", so "ftisland" namely "bull turn water.According to textual research, relevant scholars in the qing dynasty rulers in the registration of the household registration book, substitute the Chinese surname of Chinese male householder tongue blade, thus formed the miao Chinese surname.Some of the miao li, are produced in this way.

By ancient zhuang li zhuang department best and become one of the more development, is China's most populous ethnic minority, statistics, about 13.378 million people in 1982, more than 90% in the guangxi zhuang autonomous region, a small number of living in yunnan and guangdong provinces.Li in the zhuang people is more, had some influential, such as the taiping heavenly kingdom famous generals Li Kaifang, Li Jingui, Li Wencai etc., are the zhuang li people.

Yao li yao mainly by the ancient "changsha wuling pretty" part of the development.Statistics, about 1.4 million people in 1982, located in guangxi, hunan, yunnan, guangdong, five provinces and regions in guizhou mountain area, which accounts for about 70 yuan of the total number of yao nationality.Li is one of the yao surname in yao's original name of the fifth member of 12.Yao li, according to the blood and points there are a number of "room";Each room has a name, your title is "the head", "babe", "nine ancient", etc.Yao li has the spirit of revolt against feudal oppression of the qing dynasty guangdong eight rows characteristics.provides the chief li ying, and hunan characteristics.provides uprising leader yuan-fa lee.

Bai li bai claim to be "an", "Bernie", mainly live in Dali bai autonomous prefecture, yunnan province, and scattered in jade, including yuanjiang river in yunnan province, kunming, zhaotong and guizhou province bijie, statistics, about 1.131 million people in 1982.Historians tu yu in the tang dynasty, a former lingnan our time, be familiar with the southern ethnic minorities, he wrote "access code" recorded in a bai surname: "its to dozens of the horde...Dozens of surname, Yang, li and zhao, dong for masters, each according to the mountains and rivers, not the world."We can find that li bai is the most popular, there are at least one thousand years old.Go back, when the three phase zhuge liang shu na emirates Long You that give localized in yunnan to zhang, and he gave the chief Yang, li and zhao's surname.It shows that more than 1700 years ago in yunnan have li bai.After the three countries, there are a number of li han people move house in yunnan, over time, with the bai nationality fuses in together, such as "XiErHe pretty" in the tang dynasty years, li and zhao Yang surname, who was the han people.No wonder people say that li is not easy to distinguish who is the han nationality in yunnan is bai.Historically, bai li had sprung up some more famous people, such as the song dynasty Dali state minister Li Zicong, Ming dynasty writer, historian Li Yuanyang, some scholars in the qing dynasty Li Zhuoyun, Li Genyun, Li Chongjie etc.Now, li is still one of the four most popular bai.

She li she (she), meaning to burn hazel farming, namely before sowing grass field in the burn, with grey as fertilizer.She is engaged in the article plow plantation (i.e.,) the name, they call themselves "the article" or "mountain", statistics, about 368000 people in 1982, located in fujian, zhejiang, jiangxi, guangdong, anhui 5 provinces in more than 60 county (city) of the mountains, to fujian and zhejiang provinces to the most.Their Chinese general, mainly engaged in agriculture, and the han people still for a long time, very close.Fujian xiapu county family member with the "Tang Guangqi two years (in 886), dish, blue, ray, clock, there are more than three hundred and sixty li ding, from fujian Wang Wang trial known as township roads, fujian by the sea", it shows that the late have li member of fujian.Fujian peasant uprising chief jyh-fu lee at the end of the yuan dynasty, it is said that is she.

The jews in the li

In the 13th century BC, jews called "Hebrews", once lived in Palestine, in Hebrew (flash including language Semitic), the 11th century BC to establish the kingdom of Israel, and Judaism.The 1 to 2 century under the reign of the Roman empire, the vast majority of be out of the residence, including into the European persecution of slaughter, or combine with the local nationalities.Jewish into China, began in the tang dynasty,There are more people to come to China, is in the middle of northern song dynasty.When the northern song dynasty into China, the number of the jews, the ancestors in the 170 s BC from Judea, to India's mumbai region, settled in there more than 1100 years later, in the 11th century, middle or back/follow hydrographic pushed east again, arrived in China.They came to the northern song dynasty (now in henan kaifeng) capital Tokyo, greet the emperor diligent, and tribute western cloth.The emperor accepted their tribute, agreed to their "residual capital of song dynasty".So, this one just settled down in the kaifeng jews, and took the Chinese family name, respectively.At the same time, there are some jews scattered in luoyang, Beijing, nanjing, hangzhou, ningbo, quanzhou and other places, but most are living in kaifeng jews.This a jewish immigrants live in kaifeng, headed by li, there are high, the an, ai, li, jose, zhao, gold, zhou, zhang, stone, yellow, nie, gold, 17 surnamed zhang, left, and white, two of li, two gold, two for sharing different "home".Big emperor shizong of jin three years (1163) their listing in kaifeng son (now south to teach the hutong) southeast of purchasing land, building the temple, take "qing is fine, nothing really is without evil", called mosque, known as mosque, as the center of the kaifeng jewish religious activities.The temple, was created in the history of Chinese earliest, save the longest and most famous Chinese the mosque of the jews.In the Ming dynasty, kaifeng jews into the heyday, development to more than 500 households, more than 4000 people.Chongzhen 15 years (1642) in September, the Ming army dug Huang Hedi water flooded article analyzes insurgents, makes the kaifeng zeguo, kaifeng jews fleeing across, until the first year of the reign of emperor kangxi (1662) reconstruction in kaifeng city, the surviving jewish people along with the han, hui people return to kaifeng, and then rebuild mosques in the temple site.

Qing dynasty, kaifeng jews have, ai, li zhao, zhang, high, gold, stone 7 most popular, li is still in the lead.Now, the kaifeng jews has four surname, there are still li, they have is to accept the Chinese culture.

Third, given name is the surname

Feudal society's given name, is the supreme ruler of his will, will others name already, switch to another name;Because of the emperor's name is the most honourable, known as "the name is", so, the emperor gave vassal name is mostly is his surname.The emperor had given name, often in praise of the reward, grace, netting, the purpose is to consolidate his rule;For those given name, it is a great honor, can make all the people of the whole family feel a great honor.The wind of the tang dynasty emperor give name, from previous clients toward, since the founding emperor tang gaozu, to the end of the zhao ZongLiYe stretches continuously.

Li Qin (594-669), the name is xu, name - schoenberg, word lloyds, tsaochow from fox (now shandong dongming southeast) person.Home rich, beginning from ZhaiRang uprising, attend WaGangJun, due to the work seal donghai county public, WaGangJun failed down, don be Tang Gaozu tang gaozu right as commander-in-chief, & seal Cao Guogong, surnamed li, for avoid taizong account speak (cs17), single (force).

Lee charm slip state, this name is c, in the sui dynasty Ren Tun who general, Tang Gaozu tang gaozu shanhaiguan, leads to tang dynasty, were awarded ZongZhengQing, sealing should be, the given name is li.

Plums and pucheng, surnamed guo, the original high rank in the sui dynasty, had sin migration, yulin, Tang Gaozu 'early contribution, was as a manager by spirit of the state, and then follow the emperor taizong account during Liu Heita uprisings, because, be given name is lee, sealing frenzy.

When an baoyu unto the people, the name is Ann, Tang Gaozu contributor AnXingGui seed, formerly known as heavy Zhang, good riding and shooting.Li lung-chi lee hexi, with its battle for his name jade.Troops stationed insurgency, nanyang jade guard, saying the court, said the shame and the inverse minister troops stationed consanguinity, request the surname, so he gave him a tang dynasty surname li.

Li Zhongchen thistle, this name is dong, the qin dynasty, the army as a teenager, unswerving xuanze shu, but work hard, with the meritorious military service, be Tang Su ZongLiHeng give surnamed li, given name loyal subjects.

Trunov a b, unto the people, the name is Ann, Lv (1 u), product work up Ren Yun probably general, be Tang Su ZongLiHeng surname li.

Originally an zhongzhi xi, a 22-year-old young man ShouJiang Zhang Suo high adopted son, tadashi, word is complementary, as troops stationed, tubo subordinates, along with the history of Ann, from tang.Tubo died in 761, he offered constant, zhao, deep, and easy to 5 states, tang dynasty ZongLi and rose he does so, give name is li, given name, treasure Zhao Guogong.

Li Guangjin their ancestors to meander (now southeast Huang Hequ boundary flow) of qinghai province qiang, surnamed fall o's, the tang dynasty in the medium term, with its ground for chicken farm states, light into following prince zhongwu of fenyang pacify an lushan, recovered two active, Yu Dali years be ZongLi in tang dynasty and gives the surname li.

Li Yuanliang rest people, the name is Ann, less raised by eunuchs LuoFengXian surname Locke, yuan light, counsel is brave, one with a nic is coming jingshi, zhenyuan period for Fielding wisely, you'll avoid the time and the tuboThe warWe trust, was given the name is li, given name yuan.

Li Quan slightly this name is wang, name, Jane, to work tired officer cross our navy, surging DE Di state observation, was emperor muzong of tang Li Hengci surnamed li, given name slightly.

Li Maoxun huihe (i.e., Uighur) family of ABU descendants, fall after the tang dynasty, by the ministry of war history Zhang Zhongwu reuse, due to the product after the work is more, by tang passed Li Chenci surname Li Mingmao schoenberg.