01 astronomical calendar

1. The Gregorian calendar:

The Gregorian calendar. Because it is based on the center of the time needed for two consecutive after vernal equinox - tropical year, therefore, also known as the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar leap year is 365 days, leap year plus one day, and at the end of 2 for 366 days. In the Gregorian calendar, when one epoch number can't be divided exactly by 4 to leap year, such as the 1981;Can be divided exactly by 4 and can't be divided exactly by 100 is a leap year, such as the 1984;Divisible by 100, and is not divisible by 400 as a leap year, such as the 1900;Divisible by 400 as a leap year, such as 2000.

Gregorian calendar year is 365.2425 days on average, and the length between the tropical year is 365.2422 days, only one day to accumulate more than 3300 years, to China's nanjing Yang Zhongfu in AD 1199 (Gregorian calendar 380 years) to establish "all day calendar" level.

Gregorian calendar days monthly distribution, mixed with Gerry, such as the emperor might not very reasonable. The reasonable number of days a month can be summed up in two words: "small leap year monthly, bi-monthly;"Leap year February minus one day. But because of the Gregorian calendar in common all over the world, has enormous influence on the human factors, change through hard.

2. According to the lunar calendar:

The lunar calendar is widely used in our country, is also called the lunar calendar, a summer months because of its age method on the basis of the moon, the moon from new moon to the first quarter, and lower chord to the back of a lunar month for a month. Calculate the lunar calendar to calculate firstThe 24 solar termsAnd set new moon (calculate the longitude and the same time, new moon), new moon some day, where is the new moon, from new moon to new moon for a month, from 29 to abortion, 30 for monthly. On gas from its name, month have a gas for a month, such as gas "rain" is the day of the first lunar month. No gas for leap month, leap month, taking the previous month, the leap month after April as "leap" in April, so that the gap with the lunar New Year calendar year to be reset at any time. In the lunar calendar, leap year 12 months, days in 354 or 355;Leap year 13 months, days for 383 or 384 days. This is our country since the 14th century BC in Yin dynasty, to the revolution of 1911, has been using the "nineteen years seven leap leap) (plus seven months" calendar. Because the twenty-four solar terms is determined by the sun's apparent place, so the right address should be lunar calendar is a lunisolar calendar.

3. Power through:

Chinese era referred to as "power. Air-dried, a total of ten words, order a, b, c, d, e, f, g, essien, nonyl, decyl;Gan, twelve word, in order for the child, ugly, Yin, sockets, Calvin, third, and before noon, shen, unitary), and hai, are used to traditional arrangement order of word groups. The two parallel arrangement all day dry set our kitchen table, and recycle. Power of ji age month method with the lunar calendar, it is year, month, day are all with power order, noninterference, leap month also with the lunar calendar. Power through the festival, volts, Yang, not fancy and set in of plum rains is closely related to people's life and social activities at that time, some are still used for people.

4. Solar terms:

In ancient Chinese solar terms, it reflects the earth around the sun in spring, summer, autumn and winter seasons change, reflects the farming season, a household name in the countryside. With the Chinese ancient calendar gaiden, overseas Chinese footprints everywhere, throttle also widely circulated. Solar term is in according to the sun

Star gallery depending on the location of the apparent motion. Qingming festival is also called the twenty-four solar terms, twelve of alternate arrangement is gas and twelve solar terms.

Introduction of the 24 solar terms

After spring: in the Gregorian calendar every year on February 4th. China used to put it as a spring throttle.

After the rain: in the Gregorian calendar every year on February 19. Rural started farming preparation production at this time.

Insects: a year after the Gregorian calendar March 6 for insects. "insects festival, spring is restless". The north into the insects, spring began.

After the spring equinox: the Gregorian calendar every year on March 21st the sun arrived at 0 ° yellow size for the vernal equinox. Direct sunlight the equator at this moment, north and south hemispheres have to average sunshine, so almost isometric day and night.

After qingming festival: the Gregorian calendar every year on April 5 for tomb-sweeping day. In most parts of the Yellow River basin in China and the temperature began to rise, increased rainfall, spring flowers, in a clear sky, is a good time to outing for a spring outing. Another popular grave activity.

Grain rain: in the Gregorian calendar every year on April 20. "the rain gave birth to the valley" says the gu yu the origin of the solar terms. Gu yu is the season of the north spring crop planting and emergence.

Of summer: the Chinese habit of summer as the beginning of the summer, usually in the Gregorian calendar on May 6

Grain full: a year after the Gregorian calendar on May 21st for grain full. As the name implies, grain full refers to the summer harvest of crop seed to full maturity. After grain full, throughout northern wheat is ripe, and the river of huanghuai winter wheat will begins harvesting.

Grain in ear: grain in ear of wheat and barley are mans crops mature season, usually in the Gregorian calendar every year after June 6.

After the summer solstice: June 21st for the summer solstice. The summer solstice said hot summer has come, is also the longest day of the year.

Slight heat: on July 7, the Gregorian calendar every year or so. After the general slight heat will ShuFu (v refers to ChuFu, ZhongFu and MoFu. It starts from the third age after the summer solstice), so it marks the one year of the hot season is about to come.

Great heat: after the Gregorian calendar, July 23. As the name implies, it means the hottest time of the year.

Autumn: at the Gregorian calendar year after the August 8th. China used to this day as the autumn.

The limit of heat: in the Gregorian calendar every year on August 23. After the end of heat is reflected from hot to cold temperature changes of the throttle.

White dew: after each year on September 8th, the millennium refers to the temperature decrease, and the dew.

After the autumnal equinox: in the Gregorian calendar every year on September 23. "the autumnal equinox autumnal equinox, split between day and night". At this time direct sunlight the equator, day and night almost isometric.

Cold dew: after the Gregorian calendar every year October 8. Cold dew comes, began to enter the autumn, in north China plain a piece of golden yellow, is a good season of autumn;While in northeast China in winter, still lush area south of the Yangtze river basin and.

Frost: the Gregorian calendar every year on October 23 or 24. Frost said climate cold gradually, the northern region has been frosty or start with cream.

After the beginning of winter: the Gregorian calendar every year on November 7 to the beginning of winter. The beginning of winter is said winter solar term. At this time, the ice in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region.

Light snow: after the calendar on 22 November every year. It has come to startIt snowsSeason. At this point, the northeast, Inner Mongolia, north cold northern regions.

Snow: the Gregorian calendar every year on December 7. After a heavy snow, the Yellow River basin of winter wheat into hibernation.

After the winter solstice: December 22 is the winter solstice. The beginning of the winter solstice for the northern hemisphere winter. On the day the shortest, the longest night. After the winter solstice is "bitter".

Slight cold: the Gregorian calendar every year on January 6. After then as before, during and after the "san-jiu" into cold period in many parts of the country.

After severe cold: in the Gregorian calendar every year on January 20. It is for the coldest times of the year in many parts of the country.

Solar terms and the Gregorian calendar (the Gregorian calendar) has a close relationship. Our country folk pop song "throttle" a:

"Spring rain jing qing valley spring day, summer filled with mans summer heat.

Fall in the autumn cold frost, small severe cold winter snow snow."

In the Gregorian calendar:

"In the first half to six 21, in the second half to eight on 23rd.

Two gas every month date, differ at most two days."

5. The time difference and the astronomical time

Fortune telling time is used in the astronomical time (depending on the solar longitude), and the average person is written in mind time is the time clock, namely human standards set by the time zone of mean solar time, if the head and tail, was born in a hour often because of the "true sun jet lag" often to come out wrong.The longitude of the one with birthplace, standard time:

The world is divided into twenty-four time zones, can be divided exactly by 15 longitude as the region's central meridian, each area of 15 degrees longitude at one time.In the time zone of the east of the central meridian, time want, west of the region, the time to write, once 4 minutes.

China is divided into five time zones:

(1) the central time zone, east longitude 120 degrees to the central meridian.

(2) (3) : shu time zone in east longitude 105 degrees to the central meridian.

(3) the new Tibetan time zones: central meridian for 90 degrees east longitude.

(4) the kunlun time zones: east longitude 75 degrees (82.5) as the central meridian.

(5) changbai time zones: east longitude 135 degrees (127.5) as the central meridian.

A time zone of the "standard", the unity of time is just a large area, we abide by the "artificial" time, is not the time zone of each location on the local time (information) ", the real longitude.Born with a birthplace of longitude and large areas of standard time add and subtract, global anywhere with this principle.

For example: the central time zone including Inner Mongolia, liaoning, hebei, shanxi, shandong, henan, anhui, jiangsu, hubei, hunan, jiangxi, zhejiang, fujian, guangdong, hainan, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.This large area at the time clock for noon twelve o 'clock, only 12 online site is located in east longitude 120 degrees, other place is more or less than 12 points.Such as Hong Kong is located in east longitude 114 degrees for 10 minutes, more than 5 degrees east longitude 120 degrees to 50 points, when the real longitude is 11 36 minutes and 40 seconds.

Second, with true solar time mean solar time

Watch time 24 hours a day "average" when the sun is artificial, imagine the earth's orbit around the daily rotation, is a round, this is only the government for the convenience of administrative measures of "unified" time.In fact, the earth's rotation and revolution, because the yellow, the relationship between the equator and not 365.25 days a year, every day is 24 hours, and only the Gregorian calendar every year on April 25, June 14, on September 1, on December 24, didn't exactly 24 hours, the rest of the 361 days, not more is less.This kind of error, known as the "true solar time"."The nautical almanac" daily has indicate the real solar day from the time difference between the average solar day.

The time difference between three, summer time

Artificial time there is a "war time," also known as the "summer time", "daylight saving time".In some countries, local governments had a sunrise early in the summer, late sunset, the day is long, in order to make full use of sunlight, save electricity, to schedule an hour early (the clock dial almost an hour).Due to the above three kinds of time difference, in order to get accurate astronomical time of birth, is not easy.Calculate foreigners eight words is not easy, especially for some parts of the implementation of daylight saving time, or use Greenwich mean (GMT), or use a place is made, not unified, life scientists should inquire first time system in this area, to prevent errors.

The border of birth time if the throttle or house more precise calculating the time difference, otherwise not only time is wrong, even the birthday, birth month, birth year may be due to an hour is not correct, and trays are wrong!

5. In the first month, during and twelfth month:

On the lunar month, the first day is the first lunar monthThe Spring Festival;

During the lunar calendar in November;

Lunar lunar December, the last day of lunar month is the New Year's eve.