The origin of olunchun

The name "oroqen" in the initial qing literature.Volume in qing MAO shi lu 51 mentioned for the first time in a reporting "earl swallow";After 22 years of emperor kangxi (1683) in September called "Russian Luo Chun" imperial edict.Only then is more unified orogen this name to call them.Orogen is a word has two meanings. One is to use reindeer, one for the people on the mountains.According to the 2000 national census statistics, olunchun population of 8196.Mainly distributed in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region surveillance orogen dawoer community-molidawa dawoer autonomous county in the first-hand, bout flag, the first-hand, and heilongjiang province huma, love fai, 1, jiayin county.Use orogen language, belongs to the altaic tunguska language tungus friends.No native words, general and common Chinese, there is also a part of olunchun in Mongolian.The orogen language belongs to the altaic tunguska languages tunguska dialect.

Olunchun history had "the deer", "make the horse ministry," said, with the daur, ewenki is referred to as "sauron department".

Orogen appellation is officially formed in the qing dynasty emperor kangxi years, its meaning has two handles, one is "the people who live in the mountains", the second is "using reindeer people".Olunchun living since ancient times in the vast area north of heilongjiang province, their ancestors according to research of life in the large room wei people around 390 AD.Olunchun people give priority to with hunting life for a long time, acquisition and fishing is complementary.Almost all of the men are excellent rider and best in the best striker, their habits of all sorts of beasts and life rule, has rich experience in hunting, they are still in the 1940 s the remnants of a primitive commune shaman, bag evenly distributed within the tribe, save the some common habit of consumption and the average distribution of primitive society, the old, weak, hurt, not only to a residual, and even more.After the founding of new China, olunchun step to socialism.

Olunchun traditional festival

1. The fire festival

Every year on June 18th is oroqen ethnic traditional festival - fire festival.On this day, oroqen people lit a bonfire, singing and dancing, celebrating their national holiday.

Has a long history of olunchun people worship of vulcan.They think that fire exorcism remove dirt, baking ware clothes on fire, is considered to be become clean.Twelfth have send vulcan custom of heaven.The Spring FestivalWhen the morning to vulcan for offering, offering kowtowing to the bonfire.Every Chinese New Year greetings the guest must be the first to vulcan worship.

Olunchun people fire with a series of strict taboo: random to fire water, forbid to throw dirt, spit, or with the sword, stick and sharp things in this tong, lest wrath, and fire damage.When they lit bonfires, sticks and branches must level off, the arrangement is prohibited place, pay attention to when using wood fires do not use wood could Mars, lest blast injury vulcan's eyes.When people move, do not fire water, fire from one area to another.

Olunchun people first and fire the indissoluble bond, they all safari in the mountains, in the struggle with nature, because of the fire, was able to survive and thrive in every generation.So fire has a special feeling, close to the bonfire.

2. The vulcan worship:

Lunar twenty three and the morning of the Spring Festival every year, olunchun family to worship god, to the fire to burn incense, and threw it into a piece of meat and sprinkle with a glass of wine, when guests happy New Year, also want to fire worship first, and then thrown into the fire a piece of meat and a glass of wine (much by guests bring their own).

3. The Spring Festival:

Is a major holiday tradition of olunchun.Before a month is ready for the holiday, meat, flour, etc.Hunting and some errands out of home before New Year's eve.New Year's eve, the sun is setting, every household, the door lit bonfires, symbol prosperous and happy life.Before the reunion dinner, the old man opened the various shrines, lead for the whole family, burn incense and kowtow, pray for gods to bless the family well-being.Later on, but also burn kowtow for those who died at the crossroads.All this ceremony is finished, surrounds the whole family together, eat family reunion dinner.Olunchun people have the habit of shou sui, thought it would be required in high spirit.

4. Smear day:

By 16 in the day, olunchun people with bottom ash on the face, it is said that can drive demon ward off evil spirits, and peace.This day, men and women, old and young, both hands wipe on bottom ash, begging a face each other.Face to my father when children can't wipe, brother in law and his wife can't apply to each other, others can casually, but in to the elders to kowtow before you face.This habit is still retain, but to become pure entertainment.

5.The Dragon Boat Festival：

Whenever the oroqen people also had the Dragon Boat Festival, Dragon Boat Festival is in the early morning, hordes of olunchun people to adopt jie in the woods with dew mugwort, wild flowers, such as birch branches, hung or on their Windows and doors, they think the dew on the flowers and plants can cure, exorcism.

Olunchun custom taboo

Hunting production taboo

Olunchun have long life in the big forest, mainly by hunting is given priority to, in order to make the game to run smoothly, provides a variety of taboos.Such as during hunting ban told the hunter hunting site direction, think the beast with hole in shoulder bone, have the ability of the prophet;When hunting taboo malarkey, hot air, such as not allowed to say: "I can definitely play received a lot of prey" and so on, or what also can't hunt;During the game between noise, noise, and banned hunterA fightThat noise can make the beast away, fight noise can't absorbed in hunting;When hunting, not dozen beast in mating, think they are doing good, only in this way can kan beasts multiply, facilitate future tea more prey;When camping hunting ban sprinkling water on the fire, and burn into Mars Lin wood, otherwise you will put out the fire, again afraid sparksfire;When hunting is allowed to kill the swan goose, swans, such as birds, think it is bad luck;Hunters hunt the small animals such as mink and the weasel, pyrophoric cooking cannot long wood burning, think long wood burning the beast will go so far, it is not easy to hunt.

Hunters hunt to deer, wild boar and An great beasts, gut, tongue, esophagus and heart must be together, until cooked food to cut, think only in this way can continue to hunt wild animals;Hunter ban with bladed knife, scissors, awl, such as iron and move in front of others, think there's a blade iron can elongation and damage;Hunter eating meat, give others handed dao, pass the tip is forbidden, and to give a knife, otherwise it will be impolite to move;When the go hunting, the hunter taboo crow quack, don't think the crow is auspicious, heard it would be unlucky, bumper hunt;The hunter prohibit others to carry a gun or taken into "pinch of Luo Zi" (the original housing), argues that this move is not polite;Used when the hunter hunting deer whistle, roe deer whistle to lure killed the deer and roe deer, can't cut my throat, and if so, will affect their sense of hearing, make a whistle.

Living custom taboo

About etiquette: the younger generation can't call the name of the elder, also are not allowed to change the name of the elder told others;Presence in the elderly and the elderly, the young man speak words smooth gas, no bossing, cannot use finger to the old man talking, also can't use "hello", "hey," such as tone, otherwise affect the next generation of children's health.Young people hand in front of the elders and the old man cannot walk in the past, more can not tied with the elderly sit togetherdrinkingHave a meal, think it is impolite behavior, otherwise will be accused of all;Beat and scold olunchun people. It is strictly prohibited to abuse their parents and elders, elders are the most immoral, if you have this behavior, will be severely punished by society, the behavior of the young, when my uncle generational can let his nephew son run away or exile in some ways, it is affected by the matriarchal society of matriarchy, the uncle seniority has its privileges.

Lonely man met elders or the elderly, if it is in immediately must immediately discontinue inquire after elders go, just can walk;Foreign guests not on horseback or ride into the courtyard, think it is impolite people, parents living or living together with parents, son can't beard;Once parents died, son not to shave and three monthsHave a haircutBrother, a few people cannot all mourning, otherwise mourning people bad luck, when hunting is affected and can't prey;Mourning the people are not allowed to participate in recreational activities during this period, do not fight with others bicker, New Year's day is a holiday not kowtow to others, also do not accept others' kowtow.The patient can't wash up during the course of illness, or you will make the illness;More than 60 years old the old man died, ban said the old man "dead", but said that "Buddha";Destroy or dig the pit tomb is forbidden, this behavior is expected to bring bad luck to the next generation, affect the child's body is healthy, very lucky;Have directly related with internal generation of clan are strictly prohibited intermarriage, otherwise by the elderly and the social public condemnation.

In the past in the social life of the ewenqi nationality, more various taboos against women.For example, women are not allowed to take a bear-skin rug, life won't be able to have children;Women are not allowed to be behind "inclined RenZhu" (the original building) to walk, because "inclined RenZhu trees behind the box," that women impurity, would violate the spirit;Women are not allowed to be on the "oblique RenZhu" door units are "sit on the road", because of the "road" hanging above the gods box;Women during the menstrual period is not allowed to eat roe deer, deer, An internal organs and head meat, or bullet will wear tight beast;In menstrual period is allowed to into the riverTake a shower, otherwise will send the rain;Women in the menstrual period can't across the water, otherwise the springs dried up;When women get married not to put the bride take knife cut blade, such that if so will make the bride's family to bad luck.A pregnant womanNo roebuck meat and bedding roebuck skin, absolutely prohibited contact roebuck, hunt after roebuck, should be placed behind oblique RenZhu women are not allowed to go to place, otherwise the pregnant women to abortion.The statue of women are not allowed to be hung in the box "inclined RenZhu" birth, to build a little alone "national inclined RenZhu" (delivery);Women are not allowed to touch and touch "shaman" method, and so on;The widow banned marriage in three years, taboo to attend any wedding;Men use the saddle and guns, ammunition hunting devices, such as forbidding women step over or across in the past, think it bad luck;The hunter before hunting, absolutely prohibited from entering the room, or unlucky or less than the beast.

Religious taboo

Hunters hunting during the encounter great trees, rocks and deep hole county, cliff cliffs, are considered to be "white that check" (gods) residence, shall not be Xuan, otherwise will violate the god;Hunters are not allowed to use a knife stabbed the bonfire, in case of violating "fire";Hunters at the beginning of the first beast hunt for the first time, the first thing to sacrifice "white that check" (gods), then will sacrifice "white that check" the meat (gods) all around to his neighbour, and think it is good for hunting, after hunting source rolling in the future, will play more prey;People eat at home before drinking, lifted the glass to the air around the two laps, future hunting for the beast;Hunter snared bear, taboo, said: "killed", but "bear go to bed," that the bear is god, because the olunchun people observed in the hunt for a long time, can bear arms prey into a mouth, can use the hind legs to walk upright, the action and human action similar to that mankind has evolved from the bear, after people eat bear meat, will bear head, Xiong Gu clean hand in enhancement of burial rites, it is strictly prohibited to throw out Xiong Gu head at random.

In ancient social life of the ewenqi nationality, they believe in these taboos.Therefore, some taboos are kept for long periods in oroqen people's social life.Olunchun people in the late primitive society, the social management orderly, is the society with their long-term formation of the common law management, for breach of members of the common law, to give serious processing.Until the liberation, still in the many problems arising in the course of the hunting life within the nation according to law.

After liberation, great changes have taken place in the traditional life of the ewenqi nationality, many taboo, taboo is also along with the increase of social life, after people further understand, most ridiculous superstition, there is no scientific basis for what is abandoned.However some taboo, taboo contain a certain element of scientific, reasonable and will be retained olunchun people as a habit.