The origin of the jino

Jino people claim to be "gino", meaning "uncle" or "dear uncle nation".Jinghong, xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture, yunnan province, are mainly distributed in JiNuo Township and the rest scattered in JiNuo Township mountain neighbourhood.According to the 2000 fifth national population census, jino population of about 25000 people.Mainly engaged in agriculture, is good at kinds of puer tea.Using keno language, belongs to the sino-tibetan language family yi dialects.Jino people have their own language, myanmar language belong to sino-tibetan hide.Due to no words, more than in the past by carved bamboo chronicle.Without this national characters.

Jino is an ancient nation."Gino "is a nationality, more than in the past Chinese transliteration of" togeher le ", meaning "with behind the uncle", be extended to "respect" my uncle's.Countries confirmed in June 1979, has become China's 56 ethnic groups.

JiNuo Township old called JiNuoShan, qing dynasty literature written as togeher in leshan, is named jino claims, it serves to show jino is the local residents.About the jino Chinese records began in the 18th century.JiNuoShan because is rich in tea, late Ming dynasty that is han businessmen to enter, promotion of tea tea production technology, has influence on the social development of jino.Yongzheng seven years (1729), the qing dynasty in JiNuoShan think tong (now department soil village) set up TongZhi, built brick city, the garrison of 500 people, to establish town south yunnan here, but six years due to malaria badly cut, since only appointed chief jino togeher paradise here.Later the dai tusi rule JiNuoShan area.The period of the republic of China, the kuomintang (KMT), the local government in JiNuoShan appointment of bao-jia system, the whole long combined with dai tusi appointed the tassili keno, main responsibility is to the KMT local government worth geld.In October 1941 to April 1943, jino people in order to against the kuomintang the brutalizing of local government, under the leadership of cao waist, unity, haney, yao and han people, the family fight bravely with the kuomintang army of local government.

Jino traditional festival

Section 1. While the iron is hot

Keno language called "hair cutting", is the most grand festival, jino generally held every year the lunar December, lasted three days.Holiday to Piao cattle ceremony on the first day morning, afternoon in the stockaded village elders ring cowhide drum, people can't help with the drums dance around the drum dance, rough, this is keno people celebrating the harvest "" the sun drum dance.The sun drum is the most sacred jino phenomena and Musical Instruments, there are two sides to every village general, points the drum and the drum.They see the sun drum as a symbol of divine incarnation and villages.Worship the sun drum, the purpose is hope it can bless QuanZhai prosperous, good harvest.

2. The hanis living

Also known as "new".Set up lunar calendar, the grain is ripe, jino people from the fields to collect some new vegetables and beans, millet, to kill a few chickens, please relatives and friends to the house to taste new rice, wine, fresh meat, green vegetables, some ceremony at the same time.People ate and sing happy songs often pulls all-nighters.

3. Lloyds g festival

Jino traditional festival, held in February 8th June solstice, in addition to the peopleKill pigSlaughtered sheep, outside drink, but also rich and colorful folk sports activities, playing the drums, singing and dancing, burning it.

Living in yunnan jinghong, xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture, the jino holiday is lloyds g festival.In jino language, "overseas grams" meant "big iron", the blacksmith is the stars of the festival.

Early iron lloyds cost-savings to section is while the iron is hot, the jino people held in honor of the iron to create and use and festivals.Jino folklore, not the iron in the jino, one woman pregnant for nine years and nine months, gave birth to a son.The son is born, become a stout man, his right hand hammer, left hand holding the iron clamp, set up the stove, the house set up anvil, while the iron is hot.From then on, the jino people with iron dao and iron and other metal tools.To commemorate this historic change, the jino a lloyds g festival every year.

Holiday in the morning, in the village elders "zhuo ba" mood is excited, smashed the only sacrifice at home in the big drum.Wear the jino people in their holiday best heard "boom" drums, they flocked to lay the good Piao zap.After zhuo ba reciting a traditional Piao cattle after word, a group of men with target, take turns to lift the javelin to firmly latchs cattle, into cattle body.After the slaughter of cattle, cut out the first seven parts to "seven old" in the village, and then evenly among all people.

Planted pigs kill chickens, shall a splendid banquet.At noon, and male parents with their preparation of wine, meat, and food, to zhuo, home to the drums.Drums at the front of the altar, and put the tools of the blacksmith hammer and tongs and feathers, ginger, taro, cockscomb, gold cover items such as flowers.Recite zhuo ba offerings, hammer drums and then lead everybody jump big inspiration, sing old songs.Starting in the evening, people eat a meal, singing and dancing, on my computer screen.

Within the next day, the village people to send a bamboo rat to a blacksmith.Bamboo lush jino region, live in bamboo forestsThe mouseIs the best duck, delicious.Held at zhuo ba people surrounded the blacksmith, symbolic activities while the iron is hot.The blacksmith and his apprentice, temporary burn a piece of iron red, use the hammer again, mean to play new knives, axes, ready to spring into production.Then, people started to play swing, gyro, packet loss, walking on stilts and other activities, or string of family and friends, also festival.

Lloyds g festival is the most grand, and the most grand festival, jino originally have no fixed feasts, generally held in the twelfth lunar month.In 1988, xishuangbanna dai autonomous prefecture people's congress (NPC) according to the jino people's willingness to determine lloyds g festival for jino festival, held each year on February 6 to 8, unified celebration.

4. The torch festival

At the age of jino traditional festival.Every year the lunar June date.First, by zhuo father (village), ZhuoSheng mother (village) cut down a pine, dispatch some people up the hill to cut branches set up in the village square highThe fireThe.Day QuanZhai people stop tax, the ceremonial dress, old and young men and women a housewife, busy preparing for the holiday dinner, relatives and friends to visit each other.At night, in the Great Wall of the forest, the people gathered around the torches, after being zhuo and pray to the torches, people likes singing and dancing, the old people will drink.Young men and women is gong, elephant-foot drum and three co-authors, and encouraging, until the night.

5. Bar mitzvah

Jino on traditional holiday.Jino young men and women think before the age of 15, 6, mentally and physically immature, cannot enjoy the commune members to undertake and the obligations and rights, shall not be casually go out at night, and prohibit to fall in love, the fields work is only half a labor.Only until the age of 15, 6, held a bar mitzvah, they didn't qualify as members of the village official, will fall in love.Bar mitzvah usually new ceremony held in the village.Some villages to surprise attack going to have a bar mitzvah of the young men of capture.New homes on that day, the young men to arrange some of the young men to ambush at work or on the way, behind the house take it unprepared attack suddenly, and then he held hostage to the bridal chamber of bamboo building, with everyone together to eat and drink, new people to give him a toast, on the owner of the new homes for he wrapped a banana into three square piece of beef.Said he accepted the meat, willing to participate in "around the test" (keno language).Raid aim is to make he got caught in a sudden fear, increase to accept "bar mitzvah" mystery, make the gift ceremony in a lifetime unforgettable impression.To participate in the next day, "round" on the exam of parents to send him to a full range of tools and copper boxes of betel nut, boxes of lime and the new suit for the moon back embroidery pattern, embroidered the barrel of the geometric patterns, turban, foot cloth, etc.In the bridal chamber of the ceremony, the elders with everyone singing epic, singing the traditional social life habit of laws and regulations, production process and ancient life, also to accept the bar mitzvah national traditional education.

Young woman held a "half-baked" is generally not after suddenly catch ceremony, as long as by female youth organizations (keno language called "test") approval, but parents also to donative tools and clothing.When a girl dress color is more bright-coloured, some apron is two layers, a DuBian hair style also changed.

To participate in "bar mitzvah" is a major turning point in life, from then on, they became a formal member of the village, and to all sorts of social obligations.They want to join the social organization, young men and women to meet each other, namely "exam" and "m" on the exam.Young men to patrol the safeguard security of village regulations and stockade, dispute resolution, to education and punishment of illegal people, and they can enjoy all the rights of members of the village, fall in love of qualification obtained.

6. "the dragon"

This is to commemorate the jino genesis progenitor Mo YaoBai anniversary, will normally be held between June, lasted three days, o Mo YaoBai created the jino and mountains, the moon and sun, animals, plants, and finally in the levelling of the plot against and martyrdom.

After the death of o Mo YaoBai jino mourning her thirteen days, now "the dragon" is handed down from that time.The dragon day, QuanZhai shall not go out, not allowed to sing and dance in the stockade now, no frolicking loudly, may not be into the village, village people in violation of the o is the forefather of keno Mo YaoBai don't respect, is a violation of the jino custom.

Offering on the first day of the dragon by zhuo, ZhuoSheng with their parents in the village outside the room for the worship ceremony of sacrifice.First in ZhaiBian a fixed big tree Piao a water buffalo, and on the edge of the village outside the pool will kill a sow, seven pig, after killing cattle to hang a piece cow in the big tree, will eat meat of pig bones on the edge of the pond.

The dragon, zhuo ba to announce taboo, main content is:

"Do not participate in the ritualist-and, don't follow the taboo, the fall will fall off in front of the jaw bone, hit head falls behind, fell on the left will break muscle, bone, on the right side will fall down your leg, met a leopard will be eaten by a leopard, metThe tigerWill be carried away by the tiger, the tree will fall down."

Sacrifice, each a piece of meat home, cut the three pieces of three refers to 12 cm wide, long lean to dry, the second day early morning, the three pieces of dried beef and baked chicken to long home.At noon, long home three people Shouting at home: "ha ha ha, the ha" (meaningHave a meal), the parents have to long home for dinner.After dinner, the old man to the family to reap meters long and sent to the person with a bamboo tube can only install a kilo meters.Each meter was carrying a bamboo basket, in the field that table, to receive the meters to arrival put rice in a bamboo tube, piled MaoJian, then use bamboo about steak, tore off the more meters, indicated that the better the crop.

In the three days of the dragon, QuanZhai stop all production activities, but also blockade village traffic, standing at the gate of the village two piles, to ban all personnel out of the village, village people outside will not into the village.Women's ban on the first day to go out, offenders should be punished.Jino thought into the village or the village of genesis grandmother Mo o YaoBai don't respect.In the three days, the men in ZhaiLi story-telling, speakCustoms and habitsGrew, the production, the old people do live, the women to sew, textile fabric.

After the sacrifice, and out of the village, to see how the field crops grow, the presence of the disaster, can harvest, view is to report the situation to zhuo ba, check if found disasters, general disaster families to sacrifice, if encounter disaster is to kill pig whole villages of sacrificial activities.

Jarno village offering dragon method and the ba duo, and a little different, they the village for three days, that is, on the first day, the second day and the fourth day.The village shall not be engaged in labor day, the second day can be engaged in labor.Piao cattle, but long by village old man holding a chicken, a cup of wine, a litre of rice to rice village to worship god knife.It is said that the god knife can cut blocks the flow of water, in the long rainThe floodFlooding can the knife for sunny.

Basic regardless of the jino festival and sacrifice activities.

7. Good early

Bush also called ASHLEY early, early in the lunar eighth, tiger day of September.Harvest festival is the main means for the jino traditional folk festivals."Good" early is gino phonetic translation, meaning "eat new meters" or "taste a fresh delicacy".In the feastriceJust when the tiger.First from the host party in the village elders "zhuo ba" (also known as "old rotor"), "ZhuoSheng" (han said the "old") or discuss in public holidays and sacrifice.Began to observe a festival, long home to the valley of the soul, changxin as tribute rice, each to have the next day.The first step in the valley of the soul "valley of the soul" : a person back to the cage with a few chickens, to the field and pick some flowers in the cages, and then come up with a fine with silver and silver bracelet mie box shaking while singing, don't look back all the way, come to the poor road and put a handful of straw with the flowers.Home for a kill chickens slaughtered pigs, hang its head in the barn door, is "the valley of the soul".

The valley of the soul, sent two men to their rice fields to choke some mature new meters full grain back ground.In parents of new rice inside the room, the whole family surrounds all ZengZi observation of steam from which direction first.This is a primitive "divination".Steam east, indicated that more children;To the south, omen harvest next year.To the west, will surely hunting;Whammy Clinton to the north, children, human, to be more careful in the future.After new rice well, but also with a cooked chicken and a bowl of rice for the valley of the soul, the dead ancestors and the blacksmith ghost, priest who pray odes RenShouNianFeng, animals prosperity.Various changxin as tribute to the elders to eat, point now.Relatives also want to invited to taste a fresh delicacy, really can't come, master the second day to send a pack of rice and a piece of chicken."Good early" is basically a family festival.Now ritual activities gradually less, give priority to with the content of the harvest festival.

Jino custom taboo

Boiled goat head must be sleeping in women, after maternal cannot eat with copper and iron pan to cook rice.The village of god food, must be in front of the village, President of cooking.The gods of food must be cooking in the wild, not allowed to get into the village.

In folk have eat chicken can cure.babyThe full moon, his father behind closed doors to roast a chicken to eat alone, talking is not allowed on the day of the father, thought for pediatric eliminate evil curse.

To get marriedOn the same day, the bride can't go out.The child is born, no matter who is around to give his name.To have childrenFamilies with two techniques are inserted at the edge of the door leaf tung branch tips, outside the village people to come in.On the day of the child full moon, declined to outsiders into the house.

Taboo: womenpregnancyAfter cutting wood can't axe when held in the middle of the wood, no s banana flower cannot eat, cannot pick white ginseng chicken brown, yellow, and only one, back when the wood can't put bamboo wood and wood trees back together, otherwise will be difficult.In pairs of fruit cannot eat, otherwise you will twins;Head of flesh and spirit is called the valley of the pig can't eat, eat will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of fertility and children.Can't see the eclipse, otherwise children will eye inclined.

Husband's taboo: hunting cannot cut yellow palm trees, or the child's long hair is bad;Can't play the monkey, otherwise children grow not beautiful;Can't cut rock bee, and cut themselves will be bitten.The old in the stockadePeople diedNo, can't go to liftBeat the snake, can't climb trees to pick fruit, tightening cannot attend drums, think in violation of any of them a wife childbirth, hunting, want to play the best and most beautiful birds, wife eat, children to grow well.