The origin of the ewenki

Mainly distributed in the northeast China heilongjiang province nehe and the Inner Mongolia autonomous region.1957 united nation name for the present, which means "the people who live in the mountain forest".Has a population of 26315 people (1994).According to the 2000 fifth national population census, population of ewenki for 30505.Fourth from bottom minority population many nationalities in China.In the greater hinggan mountains in 52 degrees north latitude in the original forest, there are still the footprints of the ewenki nationality people and smoke, the settlement is that you have "the arctic village," said the aoluguya ewenke hunters village.Most of the ewenki nationality people make a living by grazing, the remaining engaged in farming.Reindeer was once the present the only means of transportation, is known as "the boat forest".

Of ewenki ethnic origin, there are two different views, one view of ewenki originated in the Lake Baikal region east of the coast and north room wei people;Another view, ewenki originated from ussuri river basin shumo people living bone, one of the seven.

Ewenki traditional festival

1. The pask section

Pascual section: living in barr tiger flag Chen mo erg and white tone, hadad wood and ewenki first-hand, hedong wood, used to be called tunguska owenk people's festival.Ewenki nationality people general said the festival for the Achilles madoff (Russian).Time is on April 13.First, starting from April 7, people were coming to church,drinking, eat food, to April 13, the chicken or the wholeeggsDyed red for god.

Section 2 meters wide lu

Meters wide lu section: "meters wide lu" is an Arabic form of the ewenki nationality, the meaning of harvest festival.Meters wide lu section is Inner Mongolia hulun buir city Chen barr tiger flag in places such as the present herdsmen celebrate the harvest festival, the lunar date in late may, a one day.In Chen barr tiger flag of the ewenki nationality people, mainly engaged in animal husbandry, ger, along with the seasonal migration routes.They have rich experience in animal husbandry, strong adaptability, on the top of a mountain, and took off his hat is the strength of the wind, astrologers know the storm is coming, grew up in the saddle of the ewenki nationality pastoralists, from childhood by environment, seven year old boy began to learn horse riding, after going to the horse RACES, to learn the skills she, training horses.

In late may, spring pastures, red flower, grass, abundance JieGao work nervous and busy.Green carpet, on the prairie flock of white clouds can be seen everywhere and galloping horses, full of infinite vitality.Owenk people during each year to celebrate the harvest festival at this time, people dressed in colorful holiday costumes, relatives and friends help each other, the bad tooth pulled out for livestock, brander, cut mane and earrings.The girls wear the lamb skin tight skirt, hands busy catch lamb, in her arms stroking, immersed in the joy of harvest.Outrageously lad to up the best "horse", lithe waving long urga chase set of unbroken, prairie up plumes of dust.Whenever spirited trapping, strong set riders then, jumped on his horse, pull the mawei, hold the horse ear, for a moment the horse fell to the ground and began to cut mane and tail of a horse.If the age of four horses, but also in the hip branded as a symbol.The whole process very nervous and interesting, this is a good chance to herders.At night, young men and women around the bonfire, hand in hand turn from left to right, one led, in the crowd, singing and dancing., energetic and strong sense of rhythm is strong, has a unique style of grassland, warm hospitality of the ewenki nationality people, treats people sincerely, during the festival always prepare for the abundance of grilled meat, wine and other foods, entertain guests all production activities.We shop to eat and to drink, very busy.

3. Agnelli

Nie: the present language,The Spring FestivalThe meaning of.The lunar calendar January 1 is one of the most important festival in the ewenki nationality people.The past, the present in the lunar year 30 people to get the figure of Buddha for all, on the sheep, all kinds of milk food, candy, snacks, etc. For after the sheep away from guys.From New Year's eve to grade, sooner or later to the Buddha's light.The first to kowtow, first to kowtow to the elderly.And then to the relatives over (ewenki nationality language called agnelli kernel).For the younger generation of the New Year, old people also want to give small gifts and wish them a long life.Now the ewenki nationality festival etiquette has been simplified.Only to the elderly and relatives at the beginning of New Year.Together the first night, all ages, sexes, heartily happy, dancing, singing, late into the night.

4. The meters that benevolence

The meters that benevolence: each of the past assets ewenki shamanistic religious gatherings grade began in April.Commonly known as April.Little is four or five days, many QiBaTian.During this period the shaman TiaoShen everyday, song and dance people day and night, grand ceremony.But the rally around the date.Generally located in the shaman's house, the venue in the state a birch tree, the room set up a poplar and willow tree, two trees is a hemp rope, many branches and hemp rope is hung by the participants offered the colorful cloth.All clan members and asked the shaman TiaoShen "cure" sick people to attend.Main content imparted by the old sa full new shaman, check the population increase or decrease in and to all the mo kunduz pray for happiness, etc.This clan meeting by a shaman and a shaman from outside clan TiaoShen together.Later activities of the nature, content, form gradually change, increase the style activities such as horse racing, archery, wrestling and singing and dancing.After the founding of the people no longer hold the meter the kernel rally.

5. Mr Penn quarter

Mr Penn quarter: "Mr Penn is the present language," meaning "happy", held each year on June 18th.Mr Penn quarter is ewenki traditional program.Perform a dance festival, usually, and horse racing, wrestling, strength, pull rod, tug-of-war, checkers competition, etc.

6.The qingming festival

Tomb-sweeping day: the ewenki nationality language called "han", is the main festivals deceased ancestors, prepared food, wine and food RuRou, togravesThrowing wine and tinsel paper made from silver piece, and day and month burned.Legend has it thatThe deadSoul in one day to visit relatives in the return of the native, offering is let the dead old man eat, wear, have money to spend.

7. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month

The fifteenth day of the first: used for "Po such as candy" (fire) and "JiYaQi" (livestock) god, mainly of porridge with milk and dairy products.People gather together, a string of entertainment activities.16 in this day, people got up early the next morning and rush to face colly, thought to be lucky.

8 the aobao

Is the aobao ritual activities, but also important holiday.Aobao is piled high in the wild in artificial rocks, offering aobao is offering the god, the river god, pray for the good crop weather, four seasons peace, WangNian feng.The aobao lunar calendar may hold, the crowd gathering for aobao rocks, new switch, variegated silks belt, kill sacrifice slaughtered sheep, horse racing, wrestling, activities.

Ewenki custom taboo

(a) production taboo

1, hunting, cream

Before the hunters hunting, banning let children play hide and seek game, wild animals can also hide not see;Hunting before, absolutely prohibited from entering the room, think the dirt, can't catch the beast;With "honk", "Kerr" grass smoked smoked in the bonfire, can turn to good luck;When hunting is allowed to kill the swan goose, the swan, chicken, thinks it is unlucky.

When hunting ban disunity between the hunter;Hunting is forbidden to go in the direction of the wanted to shoot, otherwise the beast will be far away;Inform others before ban boast when hunting, hunting hunting and direction, even his own family is not exceptional also, believes there is a hole in the wild animals especially wild boar shoulder bone, have the ability of perceiving in advance;If before the hunt said, today I will be able to hit the beast, the beast will run away;Hunting, forbid to collapse the fire wood, think that there is no good, because the "white that check" (gods) are afraid of fire collapse, not near you, you also can't hit the beast;See the beast can't rushed to grab the play;When camping hunting, prohibit sprinkler or spit in the fire, otherwise it will break the "white", what also can't type.Play the deer, the base of dogs, not out of cigarette, shells, such as relics, in order to avoid the beast smell fled away;If you encounter when hunting left saw the thick tree stake, the hunter is not allowed to sit or items, think tree stake is gods sitting position;When the go hunting, the hunter taboo camping in the wild boar arch, don't think peace without luck.

Stop after a bear, must by the elderly to see is the male is female, prohibit the young hunter see the bear's gender, the reason is that the bear's genitals with people of the same, fear of young people see a heartbeat urine will plug syndrome;Peeling with felt or other things to cover the bear's body;Finished eating the meat, the bear's bones are to be collected for the wind was buried;Ban men eat the tail and forelimbs that had to bear the future gun and stick;Gun killed the bear, not a gun, which is called "WengJi", is a kind of blow (playing the undead any animal tools).Bear meat knife can't call it, it's called "carved roots" (nothing can cut constantly blunt knife).After shooting a bear, ban said killed, but said sleeping;When peel bearskin, deer owenk people must cut their testicles hang in a tree, and then began to peel, thought it bears see talent honest;The bear's neck may not arbitrarily cut off, and the small intestine, around three weeks later, the head can only be cut off;The bear's heart, brain, esophagus, eye, lung, liver, etc all can't eat, these are for the wind was buried;Bear to kill people, don't hold the wind was buried, peel the skin retain, other things are thrown away;Don't usually call bears the name of, the male bear called "g" (grandfather), a bear called "well" I (grandmother).Hunt bear meat ban piggy back on female reindeer or mare, otherwise it will abortion or infertility.

The hunter doesn't eat dog meat, Wolf, fox meat and cat meat, families with children avoid kill the cat, the dog.Said after the death of the cat can be resurrected, is a spiritual animals, the slaughter is commit iniquity.No children to lonely old man, really want to kill the cat, also cannot shoot or strangled, but with the grinding wheel die and think the wheel always keep rolling forward, don't let the soul of cat have revenge machine.

The hunter not dozen kill different color (black, white) of the fox, not dozen weasel and owl.Avoid red-crowned cranes, red-crowned crane is formed a lifelong companion birds, kill a, the other one will be whining to death, think bad luck.

When the go hunting, the hunter taboo crow quack, considered unlucky.Prohibit any entertainment activities during the hunt (dancing or singing).Prohibit others carry a gun or holding a whip into "fairy column" and the room, think not polite.

2, farming

Ban people close to the graveyard to sow, think it will affect the growth of the crops;In addition, thought the old sow crops grow well, must be those young adults to sow, to grow well and grow strong;The ewenki nationality people taboo others estimate how much of their food, think it affects the actual production of food;On the eighth day is called "post day drying" (crops), it will use the rope tied scissors, and afraid of scissors can cut off the crops.

3, doing so jealous

Ewenki nationality people banned kill or sell milk did not stop female, that is sold or kill female didn't stop milk, is unlucky, the separation of mother and child will happen at home;Livestock for spring to ban the jawbone as a game, usually think spring is under the livestock, if play jawbone, livestock gave birth to the baby will have a case of crooked legs;A ban on livestock invective, otherwise you will become poor;When the evening livestock back, do not fire at home.Forbid to slaughter sheep of his neck with a rope, must first solve the rope;banThe childPlaying with fire, play with fire livestock are walking too far or disease;Ban dao pan or take a knife instead of chopsticks;Not allowed to take a knife into the livestock circles or beat a dog with something of the blade and scare the dog with fire;Prohibit eating dead livestock meat, think there's a virus infection;Forbidden to god of the "ancient" wen kill or betray, thought would offend gods.

4, other production taboo

Saw the mountain down pine trees before, must first respect "white that check" (gods), will be safe no matter.

Put a log raft, taboo nightmares, would rather take a day off, don't flow rafting wood, otherwise will be dangerous or accident.

Fishing andfishingBan across the net and rods, and can't use a knife to cut fish and thoracic vertebral spine;Fishing ban boast, "to catch fish," what otherwise could not catch.

Carry any "mahr god", "warm ancient god" reindeer, piggy back others items is prohibited.

During the reindeer with lamb, prohibited to burn decayed wood, pine and birch bark, because reindeer lamb a smell of the smoke will poisoning.

(2) life taboo

1, avoid is for men

Ewenki have respect the traditional habits, cruelty to the old, the parents may not have beards, while they are alive can't and the elderly are sitting side by side, forbid to beat and scold the elderly more, think less scold old people will be living a few years;People on the way to meet your elders and the elderly, it must be dismounted inquire can walk;Forbidden to call the name of the elder, thought it not polite can shorten their lives;Father and brother in law banning naked in front of her daughter-in-law or sister-in-law, not swearing, amorous feelings of men and women are not allowed to talk about things like that are not allowed to sit in her daughter-in-law or sister-in-law kang, more can't lie in their bunk;Ban brother in law in brother daughter-in-law, brother in law used pipe of brother daughter-in-law can't use;Wife hair haven't braided ago, her husband is not allowed to go toward outside walk.Prohibited in the afternoonHave a haircutShave;A usually opposed to kneel, believe the people knelt down.

2, women jealous

Girls can not speak and foreign young adults talk, blame and criticism will be affected by their parents.

banA womanTouch the man's head, because think men have Buddha head;Ban on women stepping or sitting on the man's luggage, because that women dirty;Prohibit the hostess or female guests across the pinch of fire in the uptown inside Luo Zi;Ban on women use a saddle;Ban on women in the crossed axes, otherwise it will give birth to silly child;Ban on women from men on the saddle, horsewhip, urga stepped over or across;Ban on women in themoveWhen holding carry reindeer "mahr god";Ban on new wife from "AoZhuo le god" (ancestor god) walks past;Ban on women poop indoors.

banA pregnant womanThe rotten meat and badger meat;Ban on women sit Mao Lvche;Ban says pregnant womenpregnancySaid, but "with";Women sit bear-skin rug is forbidden, life won't be able to have children;Ban on women dancing and singing.

Once upon a time, the ewenki nationality womenTo have a child, you have to separate out building a room (SaXiZhu), about ten meters far away from the housing, usually taken care of by her mother-in-law, seven days to ban men into the delivery room, because believe men into the delivery room touch whammy, bad luck.Begin to live after Ma Jiazi and straw, or to a woman gave birth to a child on the kang, maternal beside the stoveTo have childrenKang, more than ten days before.Hunting zones owenk people women are forbidden to "mahr god" in a pinch of Luo Zi production, to build temporary pinch of Luo Zi for delivery.Women have children are not allowed to say having children, but said "the child" or "add");Prohibit maternal within three days of dial the fire, the fire shall not be thrown into spicy food;Maternal under month ago, the ban man with the gun and take the key into the house, in case of weaning also forbid anyone to take their horses into the house.

Her husband errands out of the way, his wife must be cleaned in the home, or husband will accomplish nothing.Women must not use men's saddle, more can't ride horses "ancient" wen to god.

Widow in prohibited married, widowed three years any taboo to attend the wedding;The widow no home for the holiday and public entertainment activities.Now most basic abolished the above some taboos.

3, the funeral

Ban on abnormal death of people buried in the "MAO coax" (family) in the city, such as being struck by lightning, people killed during childbirth women dead, killed by a gun or axe hacked to death, not buried in the city in "MAO coax";After the death of young children cannot be buried in the ground, throw away on general pockets with white cloth, site pops up in the sunny side of the mountain, grass grow strong;Died after the death of the old man can't say that, but said that "Buddha", the child died, don't call, and said to "live" less, during the terribly, prohibit entertainment, also can't and others noisy, beat and scold others, also can't visit the patient's home;It is forbidden to the old man laid him in a valley or depression, think it is good to future generations;When the elder's death, funeral procession banned along the river direction;The bodyWas generally is the first foot toward the north, south, taboo head towards the direction of the sun;Within three months after his parents died, and children is prohibited a haircut and shave;For a long period of time after the death of the old man is prohibited borrowing things from others.After the dead, cat caught up in the first place, a body can't have a cat in the house, the legend, if the cat jumped from the body in the past, the body will sit up;If you don't name people died in the home, the body cannot be carried out from the door, must be carried out through the window.At the funeral home, before entering, the family is at the door outside the ignition, let people attended the funeral across from the fire, to prevent the ghost go home.

4, other life taboo

Before drinking, eating meat, make the "white that check" (gods), vulcan, etc;Prohibit throw away or from spilling milk food, owenk people believe that milk is precious and holy, symbolizes the blessings, symbolizes the auspicious, so every dairy food can't throw, such as fresh milk, yogurt, milk wine, cream and so on, think things from spilling or throw away these mean throw away their blessing, such as accidentally spilled out, should take a little sprinkling of milk) on the forehead, in case of lost a blessing;Prohibit throw away food particles, owenk people cherish every grain of food, to throw away a grain of rice, that food is not only hard Labour income, and thinkPeople diedLater, in the grave will allow you to throw away all the bits of food.So people after the death, to kill the chicken sacrifice spirit, let the chicken for the pick up rice;Improper use of water and water, the present people pay attention to save water, think how much water was wasted, in hell after death, will you use your whole life all let you drink or waste water into the stomach.So life must save water, but also education next generation don't waste water;Children eat sheep intestine is forbidden, otherwise you will find good pasture;Ban said don't speak ill behind, otherwise will suffer retribution is not himself, is the future generations will taste bad;Prohibit the blade pointing to others, think blade head injury or death;Meat to give a knife, forbidden to others pass point, and should pass a knife, otherwise not polite;Prohibited without nail nail, otherwise it will cause dissatisfaction with the land god, unlucky that nail the nail, nail pull people blessed;Prohibit the same clan and issueing different people marry, that has violated the ZuGui and ethics;Married men and women with other heterosexual people fall in love and love affairs;Between the brothersA fight, sister can begin the lesson, but sister, brother not to beat and scold;Children play with fire is forbidden, or livestock will go far;Ban tickling dumb children, or children will scold you in my mind, it extremely lucky;Ban couples quarrel after sunset, or a family no peace;Before entering people come back, I went away to ignition across the outside door, just in case follow evil;From the death of wild animals and livestock head and the five internal organs;The ban on this thrown into odorant such as Onions and garlic;Riding to someone's home, must be in the gate, are not allowed to ride into the hospital, impolite person would think so;Don't trample threshold when I was in the room that is disrespectful;No gun or whip into the house, especially just gave birth to the child's house;Avoid eating catfish sick;Shall not be put HuoKuaiZi and scissors zhang, more is not allowed to cut short, otherwise people will say bad words or be sued;The hen call is not auspicious signs, shall be immediately killed;Avoid buy cattle and horses pulled up resin.