The origin of the wa

Wa in China are mainly distributed in yunnan province cimo, cangyuan, Meng Liansan county, gengma and lxa, double, kang, yong, chang jiang ning, menghai county.Because the wa main distribution area in the southern section of lancang NuShan between the salween river and mountain area, mountainous, PingBa rarely, also called ah wa mountain area.According to the 2000 fifth national population census, wa population is 396610.Use wa language, is a south Asian languages meng Khmer language wa dialect.Divided into RaoKe, ah wa, wa three dialects, each several native dialect and points.No words this nation.Before the founding of new China, British and American missionary to spread Christianity and compiled a wa, very rough, using range is small.After the founding of new China, the people's government sent language workers carried on the thorough investigation of the wa language, and in 1957 to design a wa culture in the form of the Latin alphabet.

Wa is one of the ancient nationalities in yunnan province China.In 109 BC, emperor yuan seal 2 years), the emperor left the profit county, and condition of this vast area of the east of the gaoligong mountains.At that time distribution in the lancang river, west of wa, brown and DeAng clan ancestors, has been under the han Chinese.In 69 AD (eastern han dynasty yongping 12 years), yongchang county, jurisdiction including today in lincang, simao region and dehong, the wa distribution area of the two autonomous prefecture in xishuangbanna.Since then, the wei jin southern and northern dynasties, the central plains dynasty building all along the eastern han dynasty, set up the yongchang county.The tang dynasty, wa people ruled by something.In the northern song dynasty, wa area belongs to the Dali regime yongchang government jurisdiction.Source of wa live her distinguish is belong to the prosperous town of yunnan road and meng top LuJunMin main office.The Ming dynasty set up Meng Lianchang lawsuit.There wa has set in other parts of the town and royal mengding town yi fu kang royal reduced states, and then will mengding town royal gengma xuan yi fu division division, also known as mengding town house.Along the Ming qing made a little change.To the thirteenth year of guangxu (1887) edge zhili town hall, Meng Lian, cimo, lxa, cangyuan, etc.The period of the republic of China, bureau of cangyuan, gengma mongols, kang, double river, lxa (including Meng Lian and cimo) are changed to county.

About wa ancients said and distribution: referred to China between han meng Khmer language families of all ethnic groups as the "actual", mainly distributed in the lancang river and the west of the red river area, clan ancestors staggered contacts with zhuang, dai, etc.Tang and song period, the lancang river, west of "looking pretty", "tree", "red mouth which," "black burn which are wa collapse of all ethnic groups of China dragon family said.The yuan dynasty "pu" points "pu" (or "pu") and "pu"."Pu", south of town, and its relationship with wa have direct origin.

Yuan and Ming dynasties, a large number of han Chinese residents moved to western yunnan.At the same time, centered on today xishuangbanna and dehong dai also growing up.Han, dai and other ethnic migration, on the one hand, make ah wa wa residential area gradually focus to the mountains, on the other hand wa also further and live together with other coexistence.In Ming and qing dynasty literature for the residents of the nu river and lancang river basin, there are a lot of different race, according to the "ga la", "ancient carriage", "bold" and ", ", "card la w", "clams waste" and "card wa" and so on is the call of wa.About before tang wa, history is unknown, from the western han dynasty to the early stage, is one of the main reasons for the western yunnan and wa live in the same area, has a close relationship with language collapse dragons, brown, often summarized under the same name, is regarded as the same group

Wa traditional festival

Section 1, "g"

Lunar calendar for the festival on June 24, similar to other national torch festival, but it has its own national characteristics.The feast day, poultry livestock, production tools, life utensils to collect all closed, can't let it stay in the wild, what others lent to also want to take back, the family is allowed to go out.In addition to send a girl to pick up millet spike in dry valley or a few leaves, melon, QuanZhai people who are not up the hill, the fields are not allowed to go out bunch of kiss.Because wadi mature earlier than millet, first called millet the soul, afraid of people who do not clean take first to eat, next year's harvest is bad.Millet grain, melon and fruit and so on to get home to kill chicken, steamed sticky rice, pounded BaBa, by the old man read bless retribution.Taboo guest room this morning.

When night falls, every household will lit torches, shaft under the eaves, the stockade bright as day, then use dry caraway and incense ashes scattered to the indoor and outdoor, expel the flies.Young men and women to borrow and incense ashes of talking to each other affection, tour the old people in drovesdrinkingSing the song, young people focus on floor bamboo kick the ball, the stockade immersed in a joyous festival atmosphere.In wa festival, is the first big holiday, people will destroy it as evil spirits, and gave the old orientation, indicated that the family peace, good harvest, animals, garden of the grand festival, as the end of the old disaster, hunger, disease, new the beginning of a good fortune, peace and joy.

2, "to" section

Also called hanis living.Wa is an agricultural nation, the low level of productive forces, the weaker the ability to withstand natural disasters.Surrounding the formation of agricultural production, therefore, a lot of worship god blessing of sacrifice sexual activity, some have gradually form the custom, developed into a festival.Hanis living "is one of them.

Hanis living isriceMature, harvest festival, tasting the day of the new rice.Due to differences in climate around the grain mature time are different, and each region, each village, and even every household is a holiday time is different also, but in the past in the lunar calendar seven more commonly (wa calendar October 9) in August.Date determination, one is according to the choice of the date of their grain mature situation.Second is parents or grandparents died the day of the animal sign is the best.Intended to please the soul of ancestors back, with his family changxin as tribute rice, share the joy.And please their soul descendants family happiness, good crop weather, the grain harvest.Wa around to make compatriots to celebrate "hanis living", in 1991, cangyuan wa autonomous county and joint decision cimo wa autonomous county, the annual lunar August 14 as wa "hanis living".

Traditional hanis living more families to alone.Holiday, host get up early, ready to feast wine meat food.And then to the valley field cutting in the new.Cut back the millet a bunch of hanging on the door, said valley soul into the family.Grain under the rest of the rub, micro fire baked in cast iron pans - our new meters, made from rice.Then held a ceremony of man ethnic: a bowl of new rice, place on a fetish with a variety of dishes, please wizard spell, the valley of worship god, laid the ancestors.After the ceremony, headed by wizards and the old man, the whole family or changxin as tribute.Later, the master opened the door, put our holiday message told neighborhood folks.So people have to carry all kinds of gift came to congratulate.Master is kill chicken, pig slaughter, even Piao hospitality, we sang, sharing the joy of harvest.

3, bamboo dance

Wa are good people.The bamboo dance, the past is a blessing to jump a dance, after the death of the old man has now become an entertaining dance.

Dance form the same as the hainan li bamboo dance in our country.The two big bamboo pole flat on the ground, outside the two big bamboo pole, couple, two people face to face with small bamboo pole, sliding back and forth along the big bamboo touch attack, dancers in the gaps between the two sliding rod collided.Dance moves for imitating ants, leopards, thrush, dove takeoff animal forms, lively and cheerful.

Bamboo dance, generally in the village have prestige and influence have held the old man died, with reef pestle and struck a bamboo pole dance, male and female old and young in the village all can attend.The old man said, "although people dead, but the soul not die, also cannot leave after it to another world singing and dancing, so people want to sing and dance farewell to him."It is this view of life, has created many funeral dance of wa.

Section 4, "lie down"

namelyThe Spring Festival.Holiday a few months ago, every family to prepare meat, firewood, holiday new clothes, etc., to repair homes.Holidays approach, and women cut grass to the horse, men ditch water orientation.On December 29th, village in the dance hall to planted a pine tree, decorative da field.Lunar 30 night, each ground glutinous rice BaBa, filter liquor, a venerable old man come home, please obligation, greeting.Big early in the morning, everyone up loose cannons, announced the New Year arrives, then womenThe childAre all up and lift up to spill after the New Year auspicious "new water".On the first day is JieJi day, wa language called "close".Day QuanZhai people not out of the village gate, outside the village also shoulds not be into the village came into the room, you can only be free at home.As usual, the second day early in the morning ring rumbling of the guns, maximum notice everybody New Year day today.Wa new house-to-house worship, usually have dinner to eat a little, not for family dinner drink two glasses of wine.Wa are usually at the beginning of the lunar calendar day da, elderly people begin to dance hall da at about 4 o 'clock in the afternoon.Young people began to da when night falls, the elderly also withdrew from the floor.Stuck with a warm atmosphere, people release the passion of the year and happiness to, people gradually dispersed until the middle of the night.Chinese New Year, generally 5 to 7 days, da will play three nights., during the Chinese New Year in old people like to get together and sing with "xia" (singing), with the song, young people are gathered in the dance hall on gyro, out for an outing.Buddhist hong, class old wa and dai, water-sprinkling festival, closed and open the door, Christian yonghe, wa, except a day, hanis living alsoChristmas

Section 5. Sow

Sow festival is also called the "island" section.The mountains overlap ah wa mountains, whenever the spring planting season, industrious wa people's field of cultivated land was busy raking, ready to sow paddy, at the same time have a interesting sow festival.

Sow's day that day, good to build up the village roads, housing both inside and outside clean, an automatic groups in young adults, some uphill hunting, fishing in the river.Prey and catch fish, boiled into porridge, if the hunters to big red deer, wild boar, returned to the village, the people to the village gate to greet, singing hunting.Sexual activity QuanZhai and families separate activities in two forms.

QuanZhai sexual activity to Piao a head of cattle in the village square, and then cut the beef into pieces, by each piece;Each alone "island" section, every housewife to their fields, the sow action do symbol.In the evening, QuanZhai young men and women gathered in all red, drinking blessing song.Hazan must be elderly or respected old singer.

Wa custom taboo

Wa natural religion, the activity is frequent, in life there are a lot of taboo words and deeds.Such as:

(1) are not allowed to ride the horse into the stockade, the village mouth must be dismounted;Ox horn bifurcation, taboo horse in the village.

(2) if someone is sick in the home, the door of the house must be placed horizontally a bamboo poles, said the patient, outsiders are not allowed to enter, and others is not allowed to stay at home.

(3) women at homeTo have a childIs not allowed, the stranger entered the room, the room are not allowed to burn the meat outside the house.

(4) shrine place not at liberty to put things in the house, the house can't hang around the pillars of clothing;Indoor owners before the pond is house-owner person sitting position, outsiders can not sit, outsiders man sat is considered insulting his master's wife.

(5) women's hair not allowed scratch men, men can't touch the women's feet, taboo others touched her head and ears.

(6) when drinking must respect people first, and drops the ground first drink again.

(7) to propose a toast to others, to thrust forward hands, palms up;If palm down, or even a thumb and other fingers don't separate, means is to strangle each other.

(8) which burn with "three foot stone" not free to move.

(9) are not allowed to casually trees and killing of wild animals holy mountain;Prohibit deforestation cemetery trees.

(10) to kill the chicken to entertain guests, the host must give guests, the head of a dog than the tail of a lion worship in token of respect, master food for the guests, the guest must eat (also can eat less a bit), otherwise it is not polite to his master, don't respect, xu never stepped into his home in the future.

(11) to the planting season, if not the village and the house of god, god will not be able to sow.To the rice harvest season, want to meet god ceremony first (wa language called "latch on"), you can't eat the new rice.

Born (12)baby, 15 days, be sure to by his (her) to the fields (two or three extracted by the mother symbolic instead of baby grass), he (she) by a baby brother or sister generation eat rice and chicken, in this way, baby grew up to not only love work and you will be rich.

(13) new homes, cut down the first post before, to kill a rooster to god, and the divination fierce circumstance, it is disrespect for the tree;To celebrate a new cover must eat sticky rice, so, soul and spirit homeA blind dateLove each other, hug for a ball.

(14) market cannot be said that bad luck, don't step on someone else's heels, there is no luck can't earn money, not good.

(15) for burialThe deadNet, want to eat rice and meat, cannot eat grains and vegetables,When people die, don't give god worship and comfort, not build new andTo get marriedSows, nor in the New Year.

(16) married estranged brothers,Kill pigBrother, brother to a left foreleg, brother to brother back meat 1 catty, otherwise regarded as forget ancestors.

When hunting (17) the mountain, every game meal to eat, can't have left home, otherwise the god said to you "after you eat not the home, won't let you capture the animal."

Can't sharing a bed (18) before marriage, no morepregnancy, it is an affront to the entire village of god, to be punished severely.

(19) of pregnant woman and her husband can't eat have the gods of food and wine;Dissatisfaction on maternal, chat is not allowed to visit;A womanOld garment cloth, don't be off to fill a man's clothes.

(20) can't literally across the fireplace in the home, or you will sin against fire.

(21) ban on the mortar thrash rice, or rice grinding is not clean;No one sitting on the threshold, for or against the god of wealth into the house;Can't use your fingers to the field of cotton buds and small melon, otherwise the bud and the melon will fall, the snake bites the hand.

(22) cannot let passer (a stranger) slept at the door, ask, want to let him (her) into a house to live, otherwise will be regarded as society conscience broken families.

(23) saw a fountain of water in the mountains, can't stop, otherwise it will be deaf and skin weather-shack.

(24) to go out, on the way to pay attention to listen to "bird god" (small tits) sound, with bird calls and the direction to determine amiable form;When geely ChengShou, fierce when not to.

(25) of malaria disease, from the flesh of female livestock, otherwise the disease will never good.