The origin of li

Li is one of lingnan nationality in our country.Mainly concentrated in the central and southern hainan province, baisha county, in the conunty participates, the east county, ledong county, LingShui County, been BaoTing county, tongza shi, sanya and other seven counties within the city, the rest scattered in hainan province mannings, TunChang, qionghai, ChengMai, during the county, such as anding county.Due to the different distribution regions and dialect, clothing and other differences, claiming to have a "companion", "gaps", "qi", "mobil", "local", etc.According to the 2000 fifth national population census, li population of 1247814.Give priority to with agriculture, women in the textile, "Li Jin", "li" is known.Use li, belongs to the sino-tibetan zhuang dong language in Lebanon, different dialects in different areas.There are many people and the Chinese language.Was created in 1957 in the form of the Latin alphabet wild man.

Li comes from one of the more ancient.By "Locke is more", the eastern han dynasty to the western han dynasty "in" and "pretty", sui and tang dynasties names such as "slang", "current" to collectively some ethnic minorities in southern China.Hainan li nationality ancients also included within the general."Li" this proprietary name began in the tang dynasty, the song dynasty was fixed, in use today.

According to archaeological discoveries, hainan neolithic cultural sites of the original 130, about five thousand years ago or so.Historians and national academic research suggests that the ancestors of neolithic relics belonged to li.Hainan island is li ancients developed.Qin and han dynasties, hainan island with close ties to the han dynasty, the emperor has several times to send troops to open QiongDao, set beads, during the ear cliff two county, part of the mainland Chinese moved to hainan island, mixed with li of the indigenous population.Later, the han immigration a lot of hainan island."The village", miao and hui also successively migration into the island.A large number of immigrants moved, brought advanced production tools (iron) and the (agricultural) production technology, further development of social productivity, l century AD, the feudal rule gradually stable.

Northern and southern dynasties and the sui dynasty's early days, the central government's rule in hainan island more consolidated, slang current leader played an important role she was revered.She led the slang current more than 1000 portal (including li ancestor) and lingnan, the other people, to plead the beam, and belongs to the sui dynasty.Understand the important principle thoroughly, she was revered to unity, close the relationship between central China and hainan island, promoting the li social and economic development.Tang and song dynasties, has close relationship with the central dynasty, hainan island hainan island as the traffic crossroads of tang dynasty, trade with the south China sea states.The tang dynasty attached great importance to and development of the rule of hainan island.Li area production of gold, silver, pearls, hawksbill, spices, etc as a "tribute" and as a foreign trade products.At the same time, li in the feudal landlord economy further mature.Li working people have also been increasingly heavy bondage and exploitation.

And the early yuan dynasty, outstanding female home textile ecliptic husband's mother when he was young because the feudal family fled to cliff state, abuse in cliff state residence for more than 40 years (say more than 30 years), to learn from li women cotton textile technology, back to hometown black mud hengjing computed.in county (today's Shanghai China town), on the basis of li traditional textile technology improved, create a set of advanced cotton textile tools and technologies, made contributions to the development of science and technology.Early yuan, the feudal system of governance to pacifying policy, appointment of yao's first "for the hereditary" door "and" object ", accelerate the li people within the social class differentiation, class contradictions and ethnic conflicts intensified, the li people's uprising continuously.

Ming and qing dynasties, the feudal landlord economy in li has been dominant in the society, most of the productivity level and the local han li region, a regular market and market field, betel nuts, coconut and cattle as bulk goods to China.You still keep in the interior of wuzhishan primitive commune residual tillage production mode.

Li is a traditional festival

1."The Spring Festival”

"Spring Festival", li region from the first day to 15 days.Households, sweeping the courtyard, trim the boat house ", paste red couplets, wash clothes, thrash rice and rice dumplings, in the place such as door, rattan basket, cattle horn with red paper, to show his good luck.The adults toThe childBuy fireworks, firecrackers by all ages, sexes were put on new clothes, clean, beaming, a festive scene.Big early in the morning greetings to each other, meet outsidefacesCongratulations to each other "congratulations, harvest year after year, year after year happiness".Kids happy anomaly, leap to jump, they contend for the adults to send greetings to the New Year, candy, pastry, dumplings and pressure at the age of copper wire.The adults all day long drinking song, burning it.Others still follow traditional habits, starting on the first day, a man collective hunting, killing the whole village to enjoy together.

2. "SAN yue SAN"

Li march three (lunar March 3) is the hainan li people's biggest traditional folk festival, is also li the good old days of youth, is also called the plot, talk about love, li said "fu fu" read, the third of march, the lunar calendar is the hainan li people in memory of ancestors, the industrious and brave to love happiness yearning of traditional festival.

According to the lunar calendar in March third is li people's annual event day.Venue located in open XiangJiaoLin commonly, head all day, leaves at the foot of floor carpet "leaves", deep and quiet, cool and quiet.It is no wonder that "SAN yue SAN" is a local people the freedom to choose spouse, known as "love story".Legend has it that in ancient times, live in ChangHuaJiang Banks of the li people suffered a great flood.Only a couple sitting in big gourd ladle survived, LingBian was drifting to the bird's nest.March 3,The floodRecede, they married.Male plow female weave, having children, caring, hard work, and gradually make li reproductive development.Later generations for their ancestors, every festival grand memorial.Festival men, women and children dressed in costumes, took the cakes, dumplings, boys fishing, the girls are cooking fish, and then one day the offerings for the princess and the holes of guanyin fossils.Finish, worship offering young people came to the event venue, perform rod, wrestling, archery, climbing tug-of-war, swing, etc.Night falls, the shore up bonfire, an umbrella flower boy, girls silver and shell decorations twinkling under the fire.Love song, dance, gradually into the joy is bold and unrestrained by gently lyrical.Pairs of lovers sometimes slip away fire, the young man hung his ear fluid on the girl's ear, do deer bone hair hair pin plug in on the girl's hair, the girl put myself carefully weaving colorful belt to lover her waist, the two sides pledged, meet next year festival be there or be square.For the 3rd from its origin and main content, were about marriage, so also known as the love plot.

3. "he fu" and "cow"

Fellow li mu system area, there are some other special festivals of ethnic characteristics.Such as every march, July after planting, and the "cow" in October, will hold a "called the" collective ritual ceremony.By that time, men and women, old and young have been commissioned to "mu" head of house, collective dance "recruit the dance", "li's", etc., beating drums, burning it.In "cow", the main cattle to cattle drink a "bull" the soul "stone soaked in wine, as a wish for cattle, and for cattle stall, taboo to kill cows.

4. The funeral ceremony

Different funeral ceremonies, close to han DaJiao OuDeYou stop coffin, see feng shui to fit on the custom of grave.Because of li people believe that ghosts are everywhere and can harm a person, so including the ancestor spirits all ghosts were very afraid.So mu area public cemetery of the dead was buried in the clan, with one tree coffin burial, not build tombs made a, was buried after no longer martyrs.

Li most holiday is the same with the han nationality, such as the Spring Festival, the Spring Festival have almost the same situation with the han nationality.Before the Spring Festival, every family meal, brew wine, ground lights leaf ", "(that is a kind of rice cake, and eat glutinous rice cake, the way is: add cooked sticky rice into the mortar, the mixture is deputy and elastic, then make a, knead into a palm-sized, can changxin as tribute).Lamp can be stored for a period of time, namely becomes very tenacious, knives slicing are available, and then baked or Fried, distinctive flavour.Li compatriots in some areas still pack a no meat dumplings.Alongside began to worship ancestors, New Year's eve to eat the meal, drink wine.All will keep in the home, behind closed doors at the beginning of second day to go out to visit relatives and friends, or uphill hunting, or touch the river shrimp, and hold all kinds of festival activities, with national characteristics did not come to an end until the fifteenth day of the first.Li special festival "SAN yue SAN" comes from a story of the li ancestors reproduction, on this day, young men and women to wear the beautiful national costume, a man hands you play with black umbrella, carry shanlan wine, female of portable small waist basket, towel dry glutinous rice cake, bacon, etc., to the legendary niang mother hole before our ancestors, and then eat the food together, common amusement, person at heart.After phase, both the male and the female by each other, and eat a kind of embedded Lizzie lights leaf ", "the cakes.

5.To get marriedYuanyang interpreta dream,

Get married the day before yesterday, the man's house send someone to pick the bargaining items to the woman, the second day night be a wedding.

Send women, marry in the evening.The groom's home in the afternoon sent within the family of two young women take areca, cigarettes, candy to escort the family (should be arrived before the sun).One into the night, putting or (Cousins, putting) help married female grooming.Finished, her sister or table, flanked by Cousins married women's sorrow.Raising crying symbol for parents at the shrine.Said goodbye, and sisters to live far apart.Mixed.At this point, the brother-in-law (or don, table brother-in-law) from the cluster's sister, pull to marry, the two parties, crying loud.Brother-in-law, too hard, if more than one brother-in-law, then becomes easy.

A guest room, married women to cry while the betel nut plate, let the relatives and friends to eat areca.So there are two or four brother (tables, cousin) followed it.Be a band, tapping to the groom's village.

One to the village, the groom's best man then to brother, bow, and marry a line even three times.Married women stepped into the threshold, firecrackers rumbling sound, then meeting the bride, must wear for their wedding), general before the cock crow, after the meeting the bride, bawdy, overnight, the husband and wife can't wedding two months later, the strong strong resistance.At dawn, the relatives and friends.The banquet, about 10 o 'clock in the morning, husband and wife have to back, to greet the family parents, called "loop".

After the wedding the door on the first day, early in the morning to get up, do the first meal for family, as a hard-working, and take this opportunity to show off your talents.When the bride enters the kitchen, bridesmaids will hold sticks with the "protection", in case the lads to bottom of the black coating to the bride's face.When the boys to discredit, bridesmaids will use sticks, cold guard to the attackers to bash.Some young man, was beaten black and blue, and some girls were put into development.Since then, the both sides of happily talking about the "record" to their own.After the "battle", the bride side began to do the first meal.After dinner, then start seeing the bridegroom off.

Li custom taboo

Taboo on the production:

First, "" bull day cream production in cattle, or the cow will die or with blast disease or rot foot thin;Bug, could not enter for Labour, or poor harvest;Second, gains a new valley, mu head cultivator, avoid talking to people on the way, otherwise, hetian are mountain pig abuse or failures;When eating new m avoid strangers into the house and eat new rice to outsiders, otherwise, crop failures or wild animal abuse;Third, and homeless in grandparents died that day, the eldest son of avoid cultivator, and 5 days can't go to the production labor, otherwise, the crop harvest;Fourth, cut down the mountain trees, from the date of family quarrel spinning brush their hair, sleep, or, otherwise, cut down the mountain will fall under the tree;Fifth, mu area of li people in on the first day to the fifth avoid field work, cattle day, insect, chicken, plot, mu the cannot cultivator, farming, is afraid of the movie by birds and animals.

Life on the taboo:

At the beginning of the first, every day to five days without hurt, can't sweep the floor, otherwise, not only animals, restless in the home, production is bad, and influence people unlucky;Every patient, in the second place, when he asked the ghost avoid strangers into the house, for all snacks to avoid, not otherwise been sick, symptoms, would turn to play;Third, the children's happy New Year, do not give red seal, when will the bad luck;Eating pig mouth and mountain pig liver and gut will incur snake bites;Fourth, avoid sleeping head towards the door, it isThe deadA symbol of;Fifth, can't get married in September 3, 5,, otherwise, will incur a bride sick, future generations is difficult to reproduce;Sixth, must choose the auspicious date to move in a new house, otherwise, the production, human and animal restless;Seventh, one door avoid knife bag is the waist, this is a quoteThe coffinA symbol of people home;Eighth, cut down a mountain bar must choose dragon day, Ma Ri, rabbits and other auspicious day, mu head at the same time can't sleep in the daytime, or the crops would be can't withstand the wind and rain;Ninth, on March 8 bulls, taboo kill cattle, cattle and want to drink wine soaked a soul stone in cattle, in order to protect the coming year harvest;The tenth, people may not be crossed stoves, are not allowed to use the foot, cut with the knife, etc., if illegal, it is said that "kitchen god" will be angry, and cause family illness;11, common taboo others to mention their ancestor's name;The twelfth, parts banned kill diet for cats.

Fertility on the taboo:

First of all,A pregnant womanDon't see the dead, otherwise, will cause fetal death;Second, the pregnant woman labor under 3 and haven't eaten PuYi grass, can't eat other food, or you will suffer from abdominal pain;Third, dissatisfaction with little baby fell four days, a stranger came into the room, can make the baby disease;Fourth, maternal under 12, if meat, oil and vegetables, will take off e. head;Fifth, the pregnant woman like to eat sour plum, landing will fetal death or miscarried.

Hunting on the taboo:

First, if the children eat the mountain pig kidneys or lips meat, after hunting will be bitten by the venomous or mountain pig;Second, not through the first four, have sex, hunting is prey;Third, the lunar day prepare uphill hunting, also avoid is sweeping the floor, otherwise can't hunt wild animals.

On the religious taboos

First, worship god, avoid disorderly turn, or you will have a headache, hand pain;Every house of ancestors, second, with the dog does not go in, otherwise, the filth is interested in renting a god, will cause disease;Third, the analysis with green leaves god ghost house, outsiders can not break in, otherwise, can aggravate the patient's illness or to death;Fourth, drowned in dung profane the "public land", will cause headaches, abdominal pain;Fifth, for the spirits of cattle bones, avoid touch, otherwise, will make people put the bones, slaughtered pigs offering god can eliminate evil and peace.

In the usual taboo:

The name of the usual taboo others to mention their forefathers face to face;In parts of the cat kill diet.

Taboo on alcohol consumption:

Different dialects of li drinking taboo, li in the dialect can be divided into the dialect, mobil, dialect, qi dialect, mu, kazakhstan and mobil dialect li's home for a visit, they for the guest to propose a toast to the meat into the guest's mouth, and the guests drunk, hospitality, there is no malicious.And qi dialect will relatively gentle, filled bowl of wine, toast to the guests to your wine bowl;The li mu system area in the field of drinking more special taboos, drinking is not just stay at the dinner table, is extended toCustoms and habitsAspect, in the village, or when someone died in the home, adult taboo to eat rice, todrinkingFuneral service.At ordinary times to drink during the dinner, point the name of the deceased person, poured out his bowl of wine in the ground at the same time, said cobolli gigli.